Dedicated future or non-past marker(s)

Category
Verbal Categories - Aspect and tense
Notes

Languages

Language Feature Status Grammatical Notes Source Etymology Notes General Notes Phylogenetic Code
Cahuilla
Cupeño yes
Luiseño yes
Serrano yes
Kitanemuk yes
Kawaiisu yes
Timbisha yes
Western Mono yes
Chemehuevi yes
Southern Paiute yes
Southern Ute yes
Shoshone yes
Comanche yes
Idaho Shoshone yes
Northern Paiute yes
Gabrielino yes
Achagua yes Wilson & Levinsohn 1992: 109
Resígaro yes Allin, 1976: 342
Bare no Aikhenvald, 1995: 31
Piapoco no The "prospective" indicates that action is about to begin, but other aspect and mood markers describe action in the future. Galindo, 2002: 169
Yukuna yes When the verb is preceded by some modifiers, -hi-ka is used, rather than -he Schuaer & Shauer, 2000: p. 522, Shauer & Shauer, 1978: 42-43
Yavitero no No regular past/non-future tense. Mosonyi, 1987: p. 63-64
Wapishana no Santos 2006:167
Wayuu yes Mansen & Captain, 2000: p. 801
Tariana yes Aikhenvald, 2003: 287, 320
Apurinã yes Facundes, 2000: 513
Asheninka Apurucayali no Payne 1983:12
Maipure yes Zamponi 2003:39
Yanesha' no Duff-Tripp 1997:117
Kinikinau no info
Baure no Danielsen 2007: p272-275
Nanti no Michael, 2008. p. 249
Paresi no Brandão 2010:38-40
Palikur no no tense Launey 2003
Yine no Matteson 1965:72-73
Añun no Patte 1989
Bora yes Seifart - 2005:61
Makiritare yes Non past: -a; Future: immediative: -ta, probabilitive: -tai; non past: -a; future immediative: -ta; future probabilitive: -tai Hall 1988: 330
Makushi no Abbott 1991: 113
Eñepa yes Payne 2012:216
Pemon no de Armellada 1999: 130 to 133
Guna no Smith texts
Naso no Quesada 2000
Ika yes Frank 1990:61
Kogi yes Ortiz 1994:381
Cabecar yes Margery 1985:116-7
Guaymí yes Alphonse 1956:28
Damana yes
Sikuani yes Queixalós 1998:287
Macaguan yes suffix, indicates future Buenaventura - 1993:42
Aguaruna yes Overall 2007:347-57
Northern Emberá yes Mortensen 1999:75 Catío
Waorani yes Peeke 1973:39
Ingá yes Levinson 1978:14-5, Levinson 1974:48
Matses yes Fleck:397-43
Mapudungun yes It appears before the mood marker and after negation Salas 1992, p.142, Zúñiga 2006, p.129-30 There is also a future tense which expresses a conditioned action in the future.
Páez no Jung:93-4
Quechua Ayacuchano yes But only the future for 3 person regular Parker 1965:50-1
Tikuna no info
Urarina no Olawsky:459-492
Waunana yes future time Loewen 1954:66
Andoke no info
Puinave yes -ya: after verb; si- placed before verb when the "speaker assumes that the event will occur with certain imminence even without external control of fortuitous conditions." Giron 2008: p279
Central Aymara yes Huayhua Pari 2001: 132
Kakua yes attached to the verb construction Bolaños fieldnotes
Kaingang yes Goncalves 2011:73
Minica Witoto yes Minor and Minor 1982. p.24
Hup yes Epps 2008
Nadëb/Roçado dialect yes post verbal particle, not required Weir 1984:58
Dâw yes Martins 2004
Desano yes Miller 1999, p. 71
Cubeo yes Morse & Maxwell 1999, p. 48
Kotiria no Stenzel 2007:255-263
Makuna no Smothermon & Smothermon 1993, p.55
Koreguaje no Cook & Criswell 1993, p.53-63
Barasano yes Jones & Jones 1991, p.73-92
Tanimuca yes Future tense is indicated by the suffix -rãyu. Strom 1992, p.75 The future tense has a nominalized form that is used for future descriptions or conditions; the form is composed of -rã (future) plus a number/gender suffix.
Siona no prospective aspect instead Wheeler 1987:149
Tukano no future is expressed with blend of three suffixes marking person/number and non-present non-visual modal Ramirez 1997: 166-168
Yanomami yes Ramirez 1994: 240
Ninam n/a
Sanumá no Borgman 1990 no evidence for this
Surui no info
Karitiana yes Karitiana distinguishes between future and non-future tense Everett 2006:265
Nheengatu no according to author, no TAM markers in Nheengatu (footnote pg. 36) Cruz 2011:36
Paraguayan Guaraní yes Ayala 1996:317-9
Aché yes Rossler 2008:89
Kokama yes Vallejos 2010:478-481
Nyangumarta yes 1
Jingulu yes 1
Wambaya yes 1
Bunuba yes 1
Walmajarri yes 1
Nyulnyul yes 1
Warrwa yes 1
Worrorra yes 60-1 1
Garrwa yes 51-2 1
Gooniyandi yes 1
Warlpiri yes n40 1
Bardi yes 1
Yugambeh
Yorta Yorta yes 83 1
Yir Yoront
Yindjibarndi no 0
Yidiny yes 1
Yanyuwa yes 29 1
Yandruwandha yes 130 1
Yan-nhangu
Yalarnnga yes 40 1
Woiwurrung yes 74 1
Wirangu yes 113, 119 1
Wemba-Wemba yes H 42 1
Warumungu yes 33 1
Wangkumara yes 34 1
Uradhi Yes 363 1
Paakantyi yes 175, 198, 200, 204, 211- 212 1
Pitta-Pitta yes 202 1
Pintupi yes 168-169 1
Nyungar no info x
Nhanta yes 91 1
Ngiyambaa yes 158 1
Ngayawang yes 15 1
Muruwari yes 155 1
Mpakwithi
Mayi-Yapi yes 59 1
Martuthunira yes 139 1
Marrgany No 317 0
Kuuk Thaayorre Yes 354 1
Kuku Yalanji yes 93 1
Kugu-Nganhcara yes 407 1
Kaurna yes 16 1
Kalkatungu yes 45b 1
Jaru no 0
Guugu-Yimidhirr yes 80 1
Gureng Gureng no info x
Gupapuyngu
Gumbaynggirr yes 291 1
Gugu-Badhun yes 1
Yuwaalaraay Yes 70 1
Dyirbal yes 55 1
Duungidjawu yes 70 1
Djinang Yes 167 1
Djabugay
Diyari yes 88 1
Dharuk
Dharawal yes 55 1
Darkinyung yes 41 1
Bularnu no 0
Biri yes 36-7 1
Bidjara-Gungabula yes 90; 92 1
Batyala no info x
Arabana yes 183 1
Alyawarr yes 49-55 1
Nyikina yes 1
Yawuru
Ngarinyin
Yulparija Yes 35 1
Wathawurrung yes 77 1
Mathi-Mathi yes 97 1
Hunter River and Lake Macquarie yes 69 1
Thanggati yes 44-5 1
Katthang yes 75 1
Panyjima yes 169 1
Ngarinyeri No 42 0
Kurrama no 0
Yingkarta yes 1
Githabul yes 24 1
Gunya yes 326 1
Kunjen yes 109 1
WesternTorres yes K85c 93 1
Wakaya yes 212 1
Yindjilindji yes 510 1
Bandjalang yes 95 1
Ngaatjatjara yes 32 1
Arrernte Yes 169 1
Kokatha Yes 29 1
Karajarri Yes 165 1
Pitjantjatjara Yes Y 8 1
Ritharrngu Yes 65 1
Warrgamay No 56 0
Warluwarra yes 913 1
Warnman Yes 45 1
Djapu no 0
Bilinarra yes 5.1.1.1 1
Wiradjuri no info x
Aghu-Tharnggala Yes 70 1
Narungga No info 74 x
Tharrkari Yes 39 1
Wajarri Yes 96 1
Warungu yes 276-7 1
Adnyamathanha
Yagua no Payne and Payne 1990
Baniwa yes future Ramirez 2001