| Cahuilla |
yes |
|
|
Jane Hill |
|
|
|
| Cupeño |
yes |
|
|
Jane Hill |
|
|
|
| Luiseño |
no |
|
|
Jane Hill |
|
|
|
| Serrano |
yes |
|
|
Jane Hill |
|
|
|
| Kitanemuk |
yes |
|
|
Jane Hill |
|
|
|
| Kawaiisu |
yes |
|
|
Jane Hill |
|
|
|
| Timbisha |
yes |
|
|
Jane Hill |
|
|
|
| Western Mono |
|
|
|
Jane Hill |
|
|
|
| Chemehuevi |
yes |
|
|
Jane Hill |
|
|
|
| Southern Paiute |
yes |
|
|
Jane Hill |
|
|
|
| Southern Ute |
yes |
|
|
Jane Hill |
|
|
|
| Shoshone |
yes |
|
|
Jane Hill |
|
|
|
| Comanche |
yes |
|
|
Jane Hill |
|
|
|
| Idaho Shoshone |
|
|
|
Jane Hill |
|
|
|
| Northern Paiute |
yes |
|
|
Jane Hill |
|
|
|
| Gabrielino |
yes |
|
|
Jane Hill |
|
|
|
| Achagua |
no |
|
Wilson & Levinsohn 1992 |
Ana Paula Brandao |
|
|
|
| Resígaro |
yes |
Person and aspect indicated by use of separate morphemes. |
Allin, 1976: 124 |
Aimee Lawrence |
|
|
|
| Bare |
yes? |
not sure which categories are fused; perhaps this refers to tense/aspect? |
Aikhenvald, 1995: 13 |
Ana Paula Brandao |
|
|
|
| Piapoco |
yes |
Person, aspect, and mood all indicated with verbal affixes. |
Galindo, 2002: 156-178 |
Aimee Lawrence |
|
|
|
| Yukuna |
yes |
|
Shauer & Shauer, 2000: p. 521 |
Aimee Lawrence |
|
|
|
| Yavitero |
yes |
|
Mosonyi, 1987: p. 59-69 |
Aimee Lawrence |
|
|
|
| Wapishana |
yes |
|
Santos 2006 |
Ana Paula Brandao, Amanda Meeks |
|
|
|
| Wayuu |
yes |
|
Mansen & Captain, 2000: 800-801 |
Aimee Lawrence |
|
|
|
| Tariana |
yes |
|
Aikhenvald 2003: 66 |
Aimee Lawrence |
|
|
|
| Apurinã |
yes |
|
Facundes, 2000: 270 |
Aimee Lawrence |
|
|
|
| Asheninka Apurucayali |
yes |
Tense, mode, person, number, gender |
Payne 1981:12 |
Amanda Meeks |
|
|
|
| Maipure |
yes |
|
Zamponi 2003:37-42 |
Amanda Meeks |
|
|
|
| Yanesha' |
yes |
|
Duff-Tripp 1997:69-124 |
Daniel Valle |
|
|
|
| Kinikinau |
no info |
|
|
Daniel Valle |
|
|
|
| Baure |
yes |
|
Danielsen 2007: p88 |
Daniel Valle |
|
|
|
| Nanti |
yes |
|
Michael, 2008 |
Aimee Lawrence |
|
|
|
| Paresi |
no info |
|
Rowan 1978, Rowan and Burgess 1979, Brandão 2010 |
Daniel Valle |
|
|
|
| Palikur |
yes |
|
Launey 2003 |
Daniel Smith |
|
|
|
| Yine |
|
|
Matteson 1965 |
Daniel Smith |
|
|
|
| Añun |
yes |
aspect, mode, number, gender are possible |
Patte 1989:47-52 |
Daniel Smith |
|
|
|
| Bora |
yes |
|
Seifart - 2005: 58 |
Amanda Meeks |
|
|
|
| Makiritare |
yes |
"Verb stems are composed of verbal or nominal roots, thematic affixes and transitivity markers. Verb stems are inflected for person, number, tense, aspect mood and negation. Transitivity affixes mark reflexive, reciprocal, passive and causative forms. Sub |
Hall 1988: 331 - 335 |
Daniel Smith |
|
|
|
| Makushi |
yes |
|
Abbott 1991: 113 |
Melody Ann Ross |
|
|
|
| Eñepa |
yes |
e.g. person, tense/aspect, modality, epistemic categories |
Payne 2012:152 - 153 |
Daniel Smith |
|
|
|
| Pemon |
yes |
tense, aspect, relative clause, some modals |
de Armellada 1999: 105-134 |
Daniel Smith |
|
|
|
| Guna |
yes |
aspect, mood, evidentials, adverbial suffixes |
Smith texts |
Daniel Smith |
|
|
|
| Naso |
no |
|
Quesada 2000 |
Daniel Smith |
|
|
|
| Ika |
yes |
|
Frank 1985:60-87 |
Daniel Valle |
|
|
|
| Kogi |
no info |
|
|
Daniel Valle |
|
|
|
| Cabecar |
no info |
|
|
Daniel Valle |
|
|
|
| Guaymí |
yes |
|
Quesada 2008:99-145 |
Daniel Valle |
|
|
|
| Damana |
yes |
duration, negatives, tense, volition, info sourcing (witnessed/heard ab action) |
|
Daniel Valle |
|
|
|
| Sikuani |
yes |
tense, aspect, person (object) prefixes; mood and person (subject) suffixes |
Queixalós 2000 |
Daniel Smith |
|
|
|
| Macaguan |
yes |
|
Buenaventura - 1993:91-101 |
Amanda Meeks |
|
|
|
| Aguaruna |
yes |
|
Overall 207:271 |
Daniel Valle |
|
|
|
| Northern Emberá |
yes |
|
Mortensen 1999:59 |
Daniel Valle |
|
Catío |
|
| Waorani |
no info |
|
|
Daniel Valle |
|
|
|
| Ingá |
yes |
|
Levinson 1974, 1976, 1978 |
Daniel Valle |
|
|
|
| Matses |
no |
TAM morphemes are obligatory on the verb. Person-marking morphemes are not obligatory but can be attached to the verb |
Fleck:394-5 |
Daniel Valle |
|
|
|
| Mapudungun |
yes |
|
Salas 1992, p.111, 113 |
Daniel Valle |
|
one morpheme for mood and one for person/number |
|
| Páez |
yes |
|
Rojas: 59 |
Daniel Valle |
|
|
|
| Quechua Ayacuchano |
yes |
|
Parker 1965:47-57, Perroud 1973:46-62 |
Daniel Valle |
|
|
|
| Tikuna |
yes |
|
Montes 2004b:45-54, 101-120 |
Daniel Valle |
|
|
|
| Urarina |
yes |
|
Olawsky:459-492 |
Daniel Valle |
|
|
|
| Waunana |
no info |
|
|
Daniel Valle |
|
|
|
| Andoke |
yes |
|
Landaburu 1979: 179 |
Kelsey Neely |
|
|
|
| Puinave |
yes |
|
Giron 2008: p218 |
Mitz Perez, Daniel Valle |
|
|
|
| Central Aymara |
yes |
|
Deza Galindo 1992: 89 |
Shannon Dardis |
|
|
|
| Kakua |
yes |
|
Bolaños fieldnotes |
Katherine Bolaños |
|
|
|
| Kaingang |
no |
TAM marked by particles |
Silva 2011:104 |
Daniel Smith |
|
|
|
| Minica Witoto |
yes |
verb may be marked for person/number, negation, 'want' form, etc. |
Minor and Minor 1982. p.19-27 |
Christopher Clack |
|
|
|
| Hup |
yes |
|
Epps 2008 |
Pattie Epps |
|
|
|
| Nadëb/Roçado dialect |
yes |
|
Weir 1984 |
Katherine Bolaños |
|
|
|
| Dâw |
no |
|
Martins 2004:125 |
Katherine Bolaños |
|
|
|
| Desano |
yes |
The obligatory elements in the main verb are the verb stem, a tense-evidential suffix, and a suffix which carries subject agreement. In between these can occur almost any number of modal, aspectual, and other markers, including the negative. |
Miller 1999, p. 63 |
Amanda Novak |
|
The verb morphology of the language is quite extensive with suffixes expressing emphasis, direction of movement, causation, benefaction, negation, contraexpectation, as well as evidentiality, aspect, tense-mood, and person-number. Miller,p.6 |
|
| Cubeo |
yes |
|
Morse & Maxwell 1999, p.15-19 |
Amanda Novak |
|
|
|
| Kotiria |
yes |
aspect, modal, negation, clausal |
Stenzel 2007:486 |
Daniel Smith |
|
|
|
| Makuna |
yes |
|
Smothermon & Smothermon 1993, p.33-35 |
Chris Clack |
|
|
|
| Koreguaje |
yes |
|
Cook & Criswell 1993, p.53 |
Chris Clack |
|
|
|
| Barasano |
yes |
|
Jones & Jones 1991, p.5,45 |
Chris Clack |
|
The verb morphology is quite extensive. |
|
| Tanimuca |
yes |
|
Strom 1992, p.5 |
Chris Clack |
|
|
|
| Siona |
yes |
|
Wheeler - 1987:138-174 |
Amanda Meeks |
|
|
|
| Tukano |
yes |
tense, aspect, person/number/gender/animacy, evidentials, directionals, negation, and others |
West and Welch 2004 |
Kelsey Neely |
|
inferred from examples |
|
| Yanomami |
yes |
|
Ramirez 1994: p.236 |
Kelsey Neely |
|
|
|
| Ninam |
yes |
but, modal and aspectual morphemes don't cooccur |
Goodwin-Gomez, p.93-99 |
Kelsey Neely |
|
many examples with synthesis |
|
| Sanumá |
yes |
|
Borgman 1990: p.164-186 |
Kelsey Neely |
|
inferred from examples with multiple verbal suffixes denoting aspect, tense, or other categories |
|
| Surui |
no info |
|
|
Daniel Valle |
|
|
|
| Karitiana |
yes |
|
Everett 2006:223-95 |
Daniel Valle |
|
|
|
| Nheengatu |
no |
a lot of grammatical information expressed by clitics and particles |
Cruz 2011 |
Daniel Smith |
|
|
|
| Paraguayan Guaraní |
yes |
person/number affixes, voice and tense can appear together in the verb |
Zarratea 2002:86-120 |
Daniel Valle |
|
|
|
| Aché |
no info |
|
|
Daniel Valle |
|
|
|
| Kokama |
no |
language is isolating |
Vallejos 2010:143 |
Daniel Smith |
|
|
|
| Nyangumarta |
yes |
|
|
done |
|
|
1 |
| Jingulu |
yes |
|
|
done |
|
|
1 |
| Wambaya |
yes |
|
|
done |
|
|
1 |
| Bunuba |
yes |
|
|
done |
|
|
1 |
| Walmajarri |
yes |
|
|
Done-Claire |
|
|
1 |
| Nyulnyul |
yes |
|
|
done? |
|
|
1 |
| Warrwa |
yes |
|
|
done |
|
|
1 |
| Worrorra |
yes |
|
|
done |
|
|
1 |
| Garrwa |
yes |
|
58 |
done |
|
|
1 |
| Gooniyandi |
yes |
|
|
done |
|
|
1 |
| Warlpiri |
yes |
|
n40 |
done |
|
|
1 |
| Bardi |
yes |
|
|
done-Claire |
|
|
1 |
| Yugambeh |
|
|
|
Y? |
|
|
|
| Yorta Yorta |
no |
|
83 |
done |
|
|
0 |
| Yir Yoront |
|
|
|
Done-Dan |
|
|
|
| Yindjibarndi |
yes |
|
cf 104, irrealis example |
done-Dan |
|
|
1 |
| Yidiny |
yes |
|
|
done-Catherine |
|
|
1 |
| Yanyuwa |
yes |
|
|
Done-Austin |
|
|
1 |
| Yandruwandha |
yes |
|
125 |
Done-Dan |
|
|
1 |
| Yan-nhangu |
|
|
|
not yet |
|
|
|
| Yalarnnga |
yes |
|
36-45 |
Done-Dan |
|
|
1 |
| Woiwurrung |
yes |
|
74 |
done-Amalia |
|
|
1 |
| Wirangu |
yes |
|
47, 96 |
done |
|
|
1 |
| Wemba-Wemba |
yes |
|
H 41 |
done-Amalia |
|
|
1 |
| Warumungu |
yes |
|
33 |
done-Amalia |
|
|
1 |
| Wangkumara |
yes |
|
r12-14 |
done |
|
|
1 |
| Uradhi |
No |
|
364 |
Y |
|
|
0 |
| Paakantyi |
yes |
|
175 |
Y-Hannah |
|
|
1 |
| Pitta-Pitta |
yes |
|
201 |
Done-Amalia |
|
|
1 |
| Pintupi |
yes |
|
167 |
done-Hannah |
|
|
1 |
| Nyungar |
no info |
|
|
done |
|
|
x |
| Nhanta |
no |
|
|
Done-Hannah |
|
|
0 |
| Ngiyambaa |
yes |
|
336 |
Done-Emily |
|
|
1 |
| Ngayawang |
No |
|
15 |
done-Amalia |
|
|
0 |
| Muruwari |
yes |
|
126 |
Done-Dan |
|
|
1 |
| Mpakwithi |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Mayi-Yapi |
yes |
|
60 |
done |
|
|
1 |
| Martuthunira |
yes |
|
136-164 |
done |
|
|
1 |
| Marrgany |
yes |
|
317 |
Done-Amalia |
|
|
1 |
| Kuuk Thaayorre |
Yes |
|
66 |
Done-Amalia |
|
|
1 |
| Kuku Yalanji |
yes |
|
87 |
Done-Jessica |
|
|
1 |
| Kugu-Nganhcara |
yes |
|
386, 407 |
done-Amalia |
|
|
1 |
| Kaurna |
yes |
|
16 |
done-Amalia |
|
|
1 |
| Kalkatungu |
yes |
|
|
Done-Dan |
|
|
1 |
| Jaru |
yes |
|
82-90 |
Done-Amalia |
|
|
1 |
| Guugu-Yimidhirr |
yes |
|
80 |
Done-Amalia |
|
|
1 |
| Gureng Gureng |
no info |
|
|
Done-Amalia |
|
|
x |
| Gupapuyngu |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Gumbaynggirr |
yes |
|
295 |
done-Amalia |
|
|
1 |
| Gugu-Badhun |
yes |
|
|
done-Jessica |
|
|
1 |
| Yuwaalaraay |
Yes |
|
74 |
|
|
|
1 |
| Dyirbal |
yes |
|
246 |
done-Amalia |
|
|
1 |
| Duungidjawu |
yes |
|
70 |
done |
|
|
1 |
| Djinang |
Yes |
|
169 |
Done-Amalia |
|
|
1 |
| Djabugay |
|
|
|
done |
|
|
|
| Diyari |
yes |
|
80-82 |
done-Hannah |
|
|
1 |
| Dharuk |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Dharawal |
yes |
|
54-56 |
done-Hannah w Dhurga) |
|
|
1 |
| Darkinyung |
yes |
|
42, 45 |
done |
|
|
1 |
| Bularnu |
yes |
|
104 |
Done-Austin |
|
|
1 |
| Biri |
yes |
|
34 |
done-Jessica |
|
|
1 |
| Bidjara-Gungabula |
yes |
|
|
done-Jessica |
|
|
1 |
| Batyala |
Yes |
|
3 |
Done-Amalia |
|
|
1 |
| Arabana |
yes |
|
130 |
Done-Dan |
|
|
1 |
| Alyawarr |
yes |
|
49 |
done |
|
|
1 |
| Nyikina |
yes |
|
|
done-Claire |
|
|
1 |
| Yawuru |
|
|
|
Y-Claire |
|
|
|
| Ngarinyin |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yulparija |
Yes |
|
35 |
Done-Amalia |
|
|
1 |
| Wathawurrung |
no |
|
79 |
done |
|
|
0 |
| Mathi-Mathi |
no |
|
97-98 |
done-Amalia |
|
|
0 |
| Hunter River and Lake Macquarie |
yes |
|
69 |
done-Amalia |
|
|
1 |
| Thanggati |
yes |
|
46 |
done |
|
|
1 |
| Katthang |
yes |
|
75, 79 |
done-Amalia |
|
|
1 |
| Panyjima |
yes |
|
167-177 |
done |
|
|
1 |
| Ngarinyeri |
No |
|
42 |
done-Amalia |
|
|
0 |
| Kurrama |
no |
|
118-158 |
done-Dan |
|
|
0 |
| Yingkarta |
yes |
|
|
Done-Claire |
|
|
1 |
| Githabul |
No |
|
21 |
Done-Amalia |
|
|
0 |
| Gunya |
yes |
|
326 |
Done-Amalia |
|
|
1 |
| Kunjen |
yes |
|
126 |
Done- |
|
|
1 |
| WesternTorres |
no |
|
|
done |
|
|
0 |
| Wakaya |
yes |
|
|
done |
|
|
1 |
| Yindjilindji |
no |
|
|
done |
|
|
0 |
| Bandjalang |
yes |
|
82 |
Done-Amalia |
|
|
1 |
| Ngaatjatjara |
yes |
|
32 |
done |
|
|
1 |
| Arrernte |
Yes |
|
196 |
|
|
|
1 |
| Kokatha |
Yes |
|
28 |
|
|
|
1 |
| Karajarri |
Yes |
|
80 |
Done-Amalia |
|
|
1 |
| Pitjantjatjara |
No |
|
Y 8 |
|
|
|
0 |
| Ritharrngu |
Yes |
|
45 |
Done-Amalia |
|
|
1 |
| Warrgamay |
Yes |
|
45 |
Done-Amalia |
|
|
1 |
| Warluwarra |
yes |
|
|
Done-Amalia |
|
|
1 |
| Warnman |
Yes |
|
45 |
Done-Amalia |
|
|
1 |
| Djapu |
yes |
|
65-75 |
|
|
|
1 |
| Bilinarra |
no |
|
|
done |
|
|
0 |
| Wiradjuri |
no info |
|
|
done |
|
|
x |
| Aghu-Tharnggala |
Yes |
|
70 |
Y2 |
|
|
1 |
| Narungga |
Yes |
|
73 |
done |
|
|
1 |
| Tharrkari |
No |
|
41 |
|
|
|
0 |
| Wajarri |
Yes |
|
91 |
|
|
|
1 |
| Warungu |
yes |
|
260-1 |
|
|
|
1 |
| Adnyamathanha |
|
|
|
Y2 |
|
|
|
| Yagua |
yes |
|
Payne and Payne 1990:383 |
Daniel Smith |
|
|
|
| Baniwa |
yes |
|
Ramirez 2001 |
Patience Epps |
|
|
|
