| Cahuilla |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Cupeño |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Luiseño |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Serrano |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Kitanemuk |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Kawaiisu |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Timbisha |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Western Mono |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Chemehuevi |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Southern Paiute |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Southern Ute |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Shoshone |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Comanche |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Idaho Shoshone |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Northern Paiute |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Gabrielino |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Achagua |
no |
|
Wilson & Levinsohn 1992: 23 |
|
|
|
| Resígaro |
yes |
|
Allin, 1976: 176 |
|
|
|
| Bare |
no |
|
Aikhenvald, 1995: 22 |
|
|
|
| Piapoco |
no |
|
Galindo, 2002: 157-159 |
|
|
|
| Yukuna |
no |
|
Shauer & Shauer, 1978: 41-42 |
|
|
|
| Yavitero |
no |
|
Mosonyi, 1987: p. 48, 61-62 |
|
|
|
| Wapishana |
no |
|
Santos 2006 |
|
|
|
| Wayuu |
no |
There are free pronouns and verbal prefixes. |
Mansen & Captain, 2000: p. 798 |
|
|
|
| Tariana |
no |
|
Aikhenvald, 2003: 203 |
|
|
|
| Apurinã |
no |
|
Facundes, 2000: 464 |
|
|
|
| Asheninka Apurucayali |
no |
They are verbal affixes instead. |
Payne 1982:2324 |
|
|
|
| Maipure |
no |
|
Zamponi 2003:37 |
|
|
|
| Yanesha' |
yes |
|
Duff-Tripp 1997:41, 58 |
|
|
|
| Kinikinau |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Baure |
yes |
Personal clitics are attached to the verb as well to other word classes. Proclitics are attach as subject agreement to the verb whereas enclitics occur as object agreement in the verb |
Danielsen 2007:92-3 |
|
|
|
| Nanti |
no |
Person markers are clitics, but always attach to verb. |
Michael, 2008. p. 342-344 |
|
|
|
| Paresi |
no info |
|
Rowan 1978, Rowan and Burgess 1979, Brandão 2010 |
|
|
|
| Palikur |
no |
|
Launey 2003:65 |
|
|
|
| Yine |
no |
|
Matteson 1965 |
|
|
|
| Añun |
no |
|
Patte 1989 |
|
|
|
| Bora |
no |
|
Seifart - 2005:52-54 |
|
|
|
| Makiritare |
no |
|
Hall 1988: 287 |
|
|
|
| Makushi |
no |
|
Abbott 1991: 99 |
|
|
|
| Eñepa |
no |
|
Payne 2012 |
|
|
|
| Pemon |
no |
|
de Armellada 1999:16-25, 58-61, 95-104 |
|
|
|
| Guna |
no |
|
Smith texts |
|
|
|
| Naso |
no |
|
Quesada 2000 |
|
|
|
| Ika |
no |
|
Frank 1990:25 |
|
|
|
| Kogi |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Cabecar |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Guaymí |
no |
|
Quesada 2008:68-72 |
|
|
|
| Damana |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Sikuani |
no |
|
Queixalós 2000 |
|
|
|
| Macaguan |
no |
|
Buenaventura - 1993 |
|
|
|
| Aguaruna |
no |
|
Overall 2007:154-7 |
|
|
|
| Northern Emberá |
no |
|
Mortensen 1999:16, 59 |
|
Catío |
|
| Waorani |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Ingá |
no |
|
Levinson 1974, 1976, 1976b. |
|
|
|
| Matses |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Mapudungun |
no |
|
Salas 1992, p.116; Zúñiga 2006, p. 96-9 |
|
|
|
| Páez |
no |
|
Jung:136-8 |
|
|
|
| Quechua Ayacuchano |
no |
|
Parker 1965:23-6 |
|
|
|
| Tikuna |
no |
|
Montes 2005:133-135 |
|
|
|
| Urarina |
no |
|
Olawsky:487 |
|
|
|
| Waunana |
yes |
|
Loewen 1954:83-84 |
|
|
|
| Andoke |
no |
|
Landaburu 1979; p.62; 212-215 |
|
|
|
| Puinave |
no |
|
Giron 2008: p169, 206, 228 |
|
|
|
| Central Aymara |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Kakua |
no |
|
Bolaños fieldnotes |
|
|
|
| Kaingang |
no |
no person inflection |
Goncalves 2011 |
|
|
|
| Minica Witoto |
no |
|
Minor and Minor 1982. p.78-80 |
|
|
|
| Hup |
no |
|
Epps 2008 |
|
|
|
| Nadëb/Roçado dialect |
no |
|
Weir 1984 |
|
|
|
| Dâw |
no |
|
Martins 2004 |
|
|
|
| Desano |
no |
|
Miller 1999, p. 123 |
|
|
|
| Cubeo |
no |
|
Morse & Maxwell 1999, p. 142 |
|
|
|
| Kotiria |
no |
|
Stenzel 2004, p. 217 |
|
|
|
| Makuna |
no |
|
Smothermon & Smothermon 1993, p.35-36 |
|
|
|
| Koreguaje |
no |
|
Cook & Criswell 1993, p.31-32 |
|
|
|
| Barasano |
no |
|
Jones & Jones 1991, p.108 |
|
|
|
| Tanimuca |
no |
|
Strom 1992, p.114 |
|
|
|
| Siona |
no |
|
Wheeler - 1987:141, 170 |
|
|
|
| Tukano |
no |
|
West and Welch 2004: 10, 22; Ramirez 1997 |
|
no evidence for this |
|
| Yanomami |
no |
|
Ramirez 1994 |
|
|
|
| Ninam |
no |
|
Goodwin-Gomez, p.47-51 |
|
|
|
| Sanumá |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Surui |
no |
There are some subject prefixes which are considered as clitics because they trigger morhophonemic proceses but they do not vary on which host they are attach. |
Van der Meer (?):7 |
|
|
|
| Karitiana |
no |
|
Everett 2006:343-57 |
|
|
|
| Nheengatu |
no |
|
Cruz 2011:133-134 |
|
|
|
| Paraguayan Guaraní |
no |
|
Ayala 1996:28-9, 46-7 |
|
|
|
| Aché |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Kokama |
yes |
|
Vallejos 2010:210 |
|
|
|
| Nyangumarta |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Jingulu |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Wambaya |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Bunuba |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Walmajarri |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Nyulnyul |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Warrwa |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Worrorra |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Garrwa |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Gooniyandi |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Warlpiri |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Bardi |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Yugambeh |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yorta Yorta |
no |
|
83 |
|
|
0 |
| Yir Yoront |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yindjibarndi |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Yidiny |
not done yet |
|
|
|
|
X |
| Yanyuwa |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Yandruwandha |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Yan-nhangu |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yalarnnga |
no |
|
1 |
|
|
0 |
| Woiwurrung |
no |
|
74 |
|
|
0 |
| Wirangu |
No |
|
71 |
|
|
0 |
| Wemba-Wemba |
maybe |
|
H 52 |
|
|
1 |
| Warumungu |
yes |
|
27 |
|
|
1 |
| Wangkumara |
no info |
|
|
|
|
X |
| Uradhi |
No |
|
352 |
|
|
0 |
| Paakantyi |
no |
|
163-164 |
|
|
0 |
| Pitta-Pitta |
No |
|
214 |
|
|
0 |
| Pintupi |
yes |
|
15; 49; 114-115 |
|
|
1 |
| Nyungar |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Nhanta |
yes |
|
84, 121 |
|
|
1 |
| Ngiyambaa |
yes |
|
124-125 |
|
|
1 |
| Ngayawang |
No |
|
10 |
|
|
0 |
| Muruwari |
no? |
|
91, 106 |
|
|
0 |
| Mpakwithi |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Mayi-Yapi |
No |
|
53-54 |
|
|
0 |
| Martuthunira |
no |
|
100-109 |
|
|
0 |
| Marrgany |
No |
|
335 |
|
|
0 |
| Kuuk Thaayorre |
Yes |
|
216 |
|
|
1 |
| Kuku Yalanji |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Kugu-Nganhcara |
yes |
|
399 |
|
|
1 |
| Kaurna |
No |
|
16 |
|
|
0 |
| Kalkatungu |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Jaru |
yes |
|
124 |
|
|
1 |
| Guugu-Yimidhirr |
No |
|
65 |
|
|
0 |
| Gureng Gureng |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Gupapuyngu |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Gumbaynggirr |
no |
|
342 |
|
|
0 |
| Gugu-Badhun |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Yuwaalaraay |
Yes |
|
51 |
|
|
1 |
| Dyirbal |
No |
|
55 |
|
|
0 |
| Duungidjawu |
no |
|
52 |
|
|
0 |
| Djinang |
Yes |
|
136 |
|
|
1 |
| Djabugay |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Diyari |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Dharuk |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Dharawal |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Darkinyung |
yes |
|
32 |
|
|
1 |
| Bularnu |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Biri |
no |
|
23-7 |
|
|
0 |
| Bidjara-Gungabula |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Batyala |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Arabana |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Alyawarr |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Nyikina |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Yawuru |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Ngarinyin |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yulparija |
Yes |
|
30 |
|
|
1 |
| Wathawurrung |
yes |
|
77 |
|
|
1 |
| Mathi-Mathi |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Hunter River and Lake Macquarie |
yes |
|
45 |
|
|
1 |
| Thanggati |
no |
|
42-3 |
|
|
0 |
| Katthang |
no |
|
63-65 |
|
|
0 |
| Panyjima |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Ngarinyeri |
yes |
|
43 |
|
|
1 |
| Kurrama |
no |
|
73 |
|
|
0 |
| Yingkarta |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Githabul |
No |
|
42 |
|
|
0 |
| Gunya |
No |
|
324 |
|
|
0 |
| Kunjen |
No |
|
92 |
|
|
0 |
| WesternTorres |
no |
|
examples throughout |
|
|
0 |
| Wakaya |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Yindjilindji |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Bandjalang |
No |
|
106 |
|
|
0 |
| Ngaatjatjara |
No |
|
55 |
|
|
0 |
| Arrernte |
No |
|
101 |
|
|
0 |
| Kokatha |
No |
|
65 |
|
|
0 |
| Karajarri |
No |
|
227 |
|
|
0 |
| Pitjantjatjara |
Yes |
|
Y 22 |
|
|
1 |
| Ritharrngu |
Yes |
|
43 |
|
|
1 |
| Warrgamay |
No |
|
45 |
|
|
0 |
| Warluwarra |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Warnman |
Yes |
|
13 |
|
|
1 |
| Djapu |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Bilinarra |
yes |
|
3.2 |
|
|
1 |
| Wiradjuri |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Aghu-Tharnggala |
Yes |
|
67 |
|
|
1 |
| Narungga |
No |
|
74 |
|
|
0 |
| Tharrkari |
No |
|
16 |
|
|
0 |
| Wajarri |
Yes |
|
77 |
|
|
1 |
| Warungu |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Adnyamathanha |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yagua |
yes |
|
Payne and Payne 1990:361 |
|
|
|
| Baniwa |
no |
|
Ramirez 2001 |
|
|
|
