3rd person zero in verbal person marking: objects

Category
Simple Clauses - Pronouns and person marking
Notes
3rd person objects are not overtly marked within the verbal person-marking system

Languages

Language Feature Status Grammatical Notes Source Etymology Notes General Notes Phylogenetic Code
Cahuilla
Cupeño
Luiseño yes
Serrano yes
Kitanemuk
Kawaiisu
Timbisha yes
Western Mono
Chemehuevi yes
Southern Paiute yes
Southern Ute yes
Shoshone yes
Comanche yes
Idaho Shoshone yes
Northern Paiute
Gabrielino yes
Achagua no Wilson & Levinsohn 1992: 28
Resígaro no No person marking, only pronominal clitics. Allin, 1976: 105, 124, 204, 212
Bare no Aikhenvald, 1995: 27
Piapoco no Galindo, 2002: 158-159
Yukuna no Shauer & Shauer 2000: 297, Shauer & Shauer, 1978: p. 42
Yavitero yes There can be a marker, but ø for third-person objects is also common. Mosonyi, 1987: p. 62
Wapishana no Santos 2006
Wayuu no Third-person objects are marked in a number of different ways, depending on the tense/aspect of the verb. Mansen & Captain, 2000: p. 801
Tariana n/a No object person marking. Aikhenvald, 2003: 122, 253-254
Apurinã no Third person masculine, feminine, and plural are all overtly marked Facundes, 2000: 141-145
Asheninka Apurucayali no Payne 1983:2025
Maipure yes Zamponi 2003:21-23
Yanesha' no Duff-Tripp 1997:77
Kinikinau no info
Baure no Danielsen 2007:92-3
Nanti no Michael, 2008. p. 267
Paresi no Brandão 2010:24
Palikur no Launey 2003:68
Yine no Matteson 1965
Añun yes object is not marked on verb Patte 1989
Bora yes Seifart - 2005:52
Makiritare yes 3rd person patient is 0 marker Hall 1988:287
Makushi no Abbott 1991: 101 See chart
Eñepa no Payne 2012 :234-239
Pemon no de Armellada 1999:16-25
Guna no Smith texts
Naso no Quesada 2000
Ika yes Frank 1989:20
Kogi no info
Cabecar yes Margery 1985:103
Guaymí yes But this is because there are no person markers on the verb whatsoever Quesada 2008:99
Damana no
Sikuani yes Queixalós 2000: 575-576
Macaguan yes Must be marked in subject is ø. Buenaventura - 1993:43-46
Aguaruna yes Overall 2007:315
Northern Emberá yes But notice that any person in subject or object position is marked on the verb Mortensen 1999:16, 59 Catío
Waorani no info
Ingá no Objects are not coreferenced on the verb Levinson 1974:9
Matses yes But objects (of any person and number) are not marked on the verb Fleck:445
Mapudungun no Core participant verbal suffixes are fusional. So, they may convey other maenings as well. Zúñiga 2006, p. 104-7
Páez yes just like all objects Jung:74-91
Quechua Ayacuchano yes Parker 1965:23
Tikuna yes The most frequent strategy is to not cross-reference the object in the verb. But this is possible when the constituent order is SVO. Montes 2004b:122-123
Urarina yes objects are not marked on the verb except for human 3 person ones Olawsky:468
Waunana no info
Andoke no Landaburu 1979: 212-215
Puinave no Giron 2008: p206
Central Aymara yes Huayhua Pari 2001: 127 The source specifically states: "it's mark in this case would be Ø for the third person object"
Kakua no Bolaños fieldnotes
Kaingang no no person inflection Goncalves 2011
Minica Witoto yes objects are not marked on verb Minor and Minor 1982. p.71-82
Nadëb/Roçado dialect yes Weir 1984
Dâw no Martins 2004
Desano no Miller 1999, p. 125
Cubeo no Morse & Maxwell 1999, p. 142
Kotiria no objects not marked on the verb Stenzel 2007
Makuna no Smothermon & Smothermon 1993, p.45-47
Koreguaje no Cook & Criswell 1993, p.91
Barasano no Jones & Jones 1991, p.108
Tanimuca no Strom 1992, p.116
Siona no There is a systematic, grammatical way of marking 3rd person objects. Wheeler - 1987:124-133
Tukano yes objects not marked West and Welch 2004: 10-11; Ramirez 1997: 108, 120
Yanomami yes absolutive 3rd person arguments will be marked, unless there is a 1st or 2nd person ergative. Ramirez 1994
Ninam no info
Sanumá yes can be included or omitted, but are often omitted Borgman 1990: 39
Surui no But there is an option to have 3s unmarked in the verb Van der Meer (?):9
Karitiana yes But all persons are zero Everett 2006:343-57
Nheengatu no Cruz 2011
Paraguayan Guaraní yes Ayala 1996:46-7
Aché no info
Kokama no Vallejos 2010
Nyangumarta no 0
Jingulu yes 1
Wambaya yes 1
Bunuba yes 1
Walmajarri yes 1
Nyulnyul no 0
Warrwa no 0
Worrorra no 84-6 0
Garrwa n/a 0
Gooniyandi yes 1
Warlpiri yes 1
Bardi no 0
Yugambeh
Yorta Yorta n/a 83 0
Yir Yoront
Yindjibarndi n/a 0
Yidiny N/A 0
Yanyuwa no 106 0
Yandruwandha n/a 0
Yan-nhangu
Yalarnnga n/a 36-50 0
Woiwurrung yes 76 1
Wirangu N/A 0
Wemba-Wemba yes H 41 1
Warumungu yes 28 1
Wangkumara no info X
Uradhi N/A 352 0
Paakantyi no 128 0
Pitta-Pitta N/A 0
Pintupi yes 15; 114-115 1
Nyungar no info x
Nhanta yes 79 1
Ngiyambaa yes 1
Ngayawang N/A 0
Muruwari no 0
Mpakwithi
Mayi-Yapi N/A 55-60 0
Martuthunira yes 136-152 1
Marrgany N/A 0
Kuuk Thaayorre No 215 0
Kuku Yalanji n/a 0
Kugu-Nganhcara No 399 0
Kaurna N/A 16 0
Kalkatungu yes 32 1
Jaru yes 1
Guugu-Yimidhirr N/A 0
Gureng Gureng no info x
Gupapuyngu
Gumbaynggirr n/a 0
Gugu-Badhun n/a 0
Yuwaalaraay No 51 0
Dyirbal N/A 0
Duungidjawu n/a 0
Djinang Yes 139 1
Djabugay
Diyari no 0
Dharuk
Dharawal yes 52 1
Darkinyung no 37 0
Bularnu n/a 0
Biri n/a 0
Bidjara-Gungabula n/a 0
Batyala no info x
Arabana n/a 0
Alyawarr yes 1
Nyikina yes 1
Yawuru
Ngarinyin
Yulparija Yes 30 1
Wathawurrung no 82 0
Mathi-Mathi no 0
Hunter River and Lake Macquarie no 45 0
Thanggati n/a 0
Katthang n/a 0
Panyjima n/a 169 0
Ngarinyeri No 23 0
Kurrama n/a 0
Yingkarta no 0
Githabul N/A 15 0
Gunya No 304 0
Kunjen N/A 92 0
WesternTorres yes K85a 110 1
Wakaya no 0
Yindjilindji n/a 0
Bandjalang N/A 0
Ngaatjatjara No 55 0
Arrernte N/A 186 0
Kokatha N/A 3 0
Karajarri Yes 228 1
Pitjantjatjara Yes G 123 1
Ritharrngu No 45 0
Warrgamay N/A 45 0
Warluwarra no 0
Warnman Yes 33 1
Djapu n/a 0
Bilinarra n/a 0
Wiradjuri no info x
Aghu-Tharnggala No 67 0
Narungga No 74 0
Tharrkari N/A 16 0
Wajarri Yes 79 1
Warungu yes 253-61 1
Adnyamathanha
Yagua no Payne and Payne 1990:361
Baniwa no Ramirez 2001