| Cahuilla |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Cupeño |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Luiseño |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Serrano |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Kitanemuk |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Kawaiisu |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Timbisha |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Western Mono |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Chemehuevi |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Southern Paiute |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Southern Ute |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Shoshone |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Comanche |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Idaho Shoshone |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Northern Paiute |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Gabrielino |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Achagua |
n/a |
|
Wilson & Levinsohn 1992 |
|
|
|
| Resígaro |
no |
No applicative is discussed as part of the verb stem. |
Allin, 1976: 105 |
|
|
|
| Bare |
n/a |
|
Aikhenvald, 1995: 35 |
|
|
|
| Piapoco |
no |
|
Galindo, 2002: 252-262 |
|
|
|
| Yukuna |
no |
|
Shauer & Shauer, 2000: p. 521 |
|
|
|
| Yavitero |
no |
|
Mosonyi, 1987: p. 66-69 |
|
|
|
| Wapishana |
yes |
|
Santos 2006 |
|
|
|
| Wayuu |
yes |
Not mentioned in Mansen & Captain (2000), but Mansen & Mansen (1984) mention a suffix that derives 'flee' from 'to go,' and 'drink x' from 'drink.' There are some verbs that seem to have this morpheme, but no corresponding simple verb, so it may be some s |
Mansen & Mansen (1984), p. 17; Mansen & Captain, 2000: p. 801 |
|
|
|
| Tariana |
no |
|
Aikhenvald, 2003: 258 |
|
|
|
| Apurinã |
no |
The only valence-increasing morpheme is a causative. |
Facundes, 2000: 505-509 |
|
|
|
| Asheninka Apurucayali |
yes |
Can also add a simple patient. |
Payne 1982:56 |
|
|
|
| Maipure |
no info |
|
Zamponi 2003 |
|
|
|
| Yanesha' |
yes |
Notice that the consonants have a tilde on them |
Duff-Tripp 1997:97 |
|
|
|
| Kinikinau |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Baure |
yes |
It is a benefactive applicative |
Danielsen 2007:252 |
|
|
|
| Nanti |
yes |
There are four other applicative constructions in Nanti: |
Michael, 2008. p. 285-289 |
|
|
|
| Paresi |
no info |
|
Rowan 1978, Rowan and Burgess 1979, Brandão 2010 |
|
|
|
| Palikur |
no |
|
Launey 2003 |
|
|
|
| Yine |
no |
|
Matteson 1965 |
|
|
|
| Añun |
no info |
no info on valence |
Patte 1989 |
|
|
|
| Bora |
no info |
|
Seifart - 2005 |
|
|
|
| Makiritare |
no info |
|
Escoriaza 1959 |
|
|
|
| Makushi |
no |
|
Carson 1982:81 |
|
|
|
| Eñepa |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Pemon |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Guna |
no |
|
Smith texts |
|
|
|
| Naso |
no |
|
Quesada 2000 |
|
|
|
| Ika |
yes |
This suffix allows the verb to take an extra argument which in many case is implicit but cannot appear cross-referenced on the verb. In other cases it adds the possessor of a possessive clause as a verbal argument |
Frank 1985:93-96 |
|
|
|
| Kogi |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Cabecar |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Guaymí |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Damana |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Sikuani |
no |
|
de Kondo (Vol.1,2) - 1985; Queixalós - 2000:122 |
|
|
|
| Macaguan |
no info |
|
Buenaventura - 1993 |
|
|
|
| Aguaruna |
yes |
This same suffix can add a "malefactive" or a "goal" |
Overall 2007:306 |
|
The applicative can introduce also a malefactive or goal argument |
|
| Northern Emberá |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Waorani |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Ingá |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Matses |
no |
|
Fleck:900-3 |
|
|
|
| Mapudungun |
yes |
The new added argument is the person negatively affected by the action (malefactive) |
Zúñiga 2006, p. 123-7 |
|
|
|
| Páez |
yes |
There are two other applicatives: one which adds a malefactive and other which adds an instrument |
Jung:108 |
|
|
|
| Quechua Ayacuchano |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Tikuna |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Urarina |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Waunana |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Andoke |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Puinave |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Central Aymara |
no |
|
Huayhua Pari 2001: 165 to 168 |
|
|
|
| Kakua |
no info |
|
Bolaños fieldnotes |
|
|
|
| Kaingang |
no info |
|
Silva 2011/Goncalves 2011 |
|
|
|
| Minica Witoto |
no info |
|
Minor and Minor 1982. p.22-27, 49-53 |
|
|
|
| Hup |
no |
|
Epps 2008 |
|
|
|
| Nadëb/Roçado dialect |
no info |
|
Weir 1984 |
|
|
|
| Dâw |
no |
|
Martins 2004 |
|
|
|
| Desano |
yes |
possesor ascension and accusative of interest |
Miller 1999, p. 117 |
|
|
|
| Cubeo |
yes |
authortative |
Morse & Maxwell 1999, p. 59 |
|
|
|
| Kotiria |
no |
|
Stenzel 2004 |
|
|
|
| Makuna |
no |
|
Smothermon & Smothermon 1993, p.64 |
|
no info/not expected |
|
| Koreguaje |
no |
|
Cook & Criswell 1993, p.69-73 |
|
|
|
| Barasano |
no |
|
Jones & Jones 1991, p.68 |
|
|
|
| Tanimuca |
no |
|
Strom 1992, p.65 |
|
|
|
| Siona |
yes |
Can also add simple recipient, place of reference, or object/person of reference. |
Wheeler - 1987:127-130 |
|
|
|
| Tukano |
yes |
suffix/ bound verb -duti "to send/order" someone to do something |
Ramirez 1997: 184-5 |
|
|
|
| Yanomami |
no |
|
Ramirez 1994 |
|
|
|
| Ninam |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Sanumá |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Surui |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Karitiana |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Nheengatu |
no |
|
Cruz 2011 |
|
|
|
| Paraguayan Guaraní |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Aché |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Kokama |
no |
|
Vallejos 2010:380 |
|
|
|
| Nyangumarta |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Jingulu |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Wambaya |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Bunuba |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Walmajarri |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Nyulnyul |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Warrwa |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Worrorra |
no info |
|
|
|
|
X |
| Garrwa |
no info |
|
|
|
|
X |
| Gooniyandi |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Warlpiri |
no info |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Bardi |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Yugambeh |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yorta Yorta |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Yir Yoront |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yindjibarndi |
yes |
|
89 |
|
|
1 |
| Yidiny |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Yanyuwa |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Yandruwandha |
yes |
|
178-9 |
|
|
1 |
| Yan-nhangu |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yalarnnga |
yes |
|
47-9 |
|
|
1 |
| Woiwurrung |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Wirangu |
No |
|
103-4 |
|
|
0 |
| Wemba-Wemba |
no |
|
H 47-50 |
|
|
0 |
| Warumungu |
No info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Wangkumara |
no info |
|
|
|
|
X |
| Uradhi |
No |
|
376 |
|
|
0 |
| Paakantyi |
no info |
|
|
|
|
X |
| Pitta-Pitta |
No |
|
205 |
|
|
0 |
| Pintupi |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Nyungar |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Nhanta |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Ngiyambaa |
n/a |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Ngayawang |
No info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Muruwari |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Mpakwithi |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Mayi-Yapi |
No info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Martuthunira |
n/a |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Marrgany |
No |
|
339 |
|
|
0 |
| Kuuk Thaayorre |
Yes |
|
402-5 |
|
|
1 |
| Kuku Yalanji |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Kugu-Nganhcara |
No |
|
405 |
|
|
0 |
| Kaurna |
No info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Kalkatungu |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Jaru |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Guugu-Yimidhirr |
No |
|
118 |
|
|
0 |
| Gureng Gureng |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Gupapuyngu |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Gumbaynggirr |
no |
|
305-307 |
|
|
0 |
| Gugu-Badhun |
yes |
|
142 |
|
|
1 |
| Yuwaalaraay |
No |
|
85 |
|
|
0 |
| Dyirbal |
No |
|
246 |
|
|
0 |
| Duungidjawu |
no |
|
86-7 |
|
|
0 |
| Djinang |
No |
|
124 |
|
|
0 |
| Djabugay |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Diyari |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Dharuk |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Dharawal |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Darkinyung |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Bularnu |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Biri |
n/a |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Bidjara-Gungabula |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Batyala |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Arabana |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Alyawarr |
no info |
|
|
|
|
X |
| Nyikina |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Yawuru |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Ngarinyin |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yulparija |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Wathawurrung |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Mathi-Mathi |
no |
|
99-101 |
|
|
0 |
| Hunter River and Lake Macquarie |
maybe |
|
87 |
|
|
1 |
| Thanggati |
no |
|
52-60 |
|
|
0 |
| Katthang |
no |
|
83-90 |
|
|
0 |
| Panyjima |
n/a |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Ngarinyeri |
No info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Kurrama |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Yingkarta |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Githabul |
No |
|
23 |
|
|
0 |
| Gunya |
No |
|
339 |
|
|
0 |
| Kunjen |
No info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| WesternTorres |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Wakaya |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Yindjilindji |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Bandjalang |
No |
|
86 |
|
|
0 |
| Ngaatjatjara |
No |
|
71 |
|
|
0 |
| Arrernte |
No |
|
193 |
|
|
0 |
| Kokatha |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Karajarri |
No |
|
195 |
|
|
0 |
| Pitjantjatjara |
No |
|
G 230 |
|
|
0 |
| Ritharrngu |
No |
|
61 |
|
|
0 |
| Warrgamay |
Yes |
|
79 |
|
|
1 |
| Warluwarra |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Warnman |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Djapu |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Bilinarra |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Wiradjuri |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Aghu-Tharnggala |
No |
|
83 |
|
|
0 |
| Narungga |
No info |
|
79 |
|
|
x |
| Tharrkari |
No |
|
31 |
|
|
0 |
| Wajarri |
No |
|
108 |
|
|
0 |
| Warungu |
yes |
|
576 |
|
|
1 |
| Adnyamathanha |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yagua |
no |
|
Payne and Payne 1990 |
|
|
|
| Baniwa |
no |
|
Ramirez 2001 |
|
|
|
