Negatives: affix

Category
Simple Clauses - Negation
Notes
Negatives: affix

Languages

Language Feature Status Grammatical Notes Source Etymology Notes General Notes Phylogenetic Code
Cahuilla
Cupeño
Luiseño
Serrano
Kitanemuk
Kawaiisu
Timbisha
Western Mono
Chemehuevi yes
Southern Paiute
Southern Ute
Shoshone
Comanche
Idaho Shoshone
Northern Paiute
Gabrielino
Achagua no Wilson & Levinsohn 1992: 131
Resígaro no Allin, 1976: 302-303
Bare yes verbal suffix Aikhenvald, 1995: 33
Piapoco no Galindo, 2002: 204
Yukuna yes Proclitic and enclitic negation, sometimes both are used. Shauer & Shauer, 2000: p. 523, Shauer 1978: 39
Yavitero no Mosonyi, 1987: p. 64
Wapishana no Santos 2006
Wayuu no Mansen & Captain, 2000: p. 804
Tariana yes Aikhenvald, 2003: 400
Apurinã yes Facundes, 2000: 530-533
Asheninka Apurucayali no Payne 1982:19
Maipure no Zamponi 2003:38
Yanesha' yes Duff-Tripp 1997:179-81
Kinikinau no Souza 2008:96-9
Baure yes mo- as a privative prefix Danielsen 2007: p338
Nanti no
Paresi yes Brandão 2010:51-2
Palikur no Green and Green 1972:42-3
Yine no info no discussion of negation Matteson 1965
Añun yes Patte 1989:100
Bora yes Seifart - 2005:72; Thiesen - 1996:70
Makiritare yes Hall 1988: 345
Makushi no Abbott 1991: 55
Eñepa yes Payne2012:353
Pemon no de Armellada 1999: 237, 238
Guna yes Smith texts
Naso no Quesada 2000
Ika yes This is a verbal suffix Frank 1990:6
Kogi yes The verbal suffix is represented as zha but there is no clue of what its phonological represenation might be. However, it isn ot clear in the source but it seems that negation is encoded along with tense in a portmanteau suffix. Stendal 1976.16
Cabecar no info
Guaymí no Quesada 2008:63-8
Damana yes It is a verbal suffix Williams 1993:90
Sikuani yes de Kondo (Vol.1) - 1985:67; Queixalós - 2000:14, 25
Macaguan yes Buenaventura - 1993:48
Aguaruna yes Overall 2007:324-6 The first suffix occurs in present and remote past tenses whereas the second occurs elsewhere
Northern Emberá yes Mortensen 1999:98 Catío
Waorani yes Peeke 1991:19
Ingá yes Levinson 1974:39-40
Matses yes Fleck:1063
Mapudungun yes Zúñiga 2006, 110
Páez yes Jung:193
Quechua Ayacuchano no Parker 1965:22
Tikuna yes Verbal suffix. Based on examples Montes 2004b:75
Urarina yes Olawsky:552-5
Waunana yes It is a verbal suffix Loewen 1954:53
Andoke no Landaburu 1979: 100
Puinave no Giron 2008: p293
Central Aymara yes Huayhua Pari 2001: 277 /-thi/ is the negative suffix
Kakua yes Bolaños fieldnotes
Kaingang no info Silva 2011
Minica Witoto yes Minor and Minor 1982. p.16 occurs with verbs
Hup yes Epps 2008
Nadëb/Roçado dialect yes Weir 1984
Dâw yes derived from the verb mɛ̃h, 'not.exist/not.have' Martins 2004
Desano yes Miller 1999, p. 7
Cubeo yes turns dynamic verb into stative verb stem also Morse & Maxwell 1999, p. 30
Kotiria yes clitic Stenzel 2004, p. 315
Makuna yes Smothermon & Smothermon 1993, p.60 shortened versions also used (-be/bi)
Koreguaje yes Cook & Criswell 1993, p.61-62
Barasano yes Jones & Jones 1991, p.125
Tanimuca yes Sentence negation is expressed by the verbal suffix -be which immegiately follows the verb root Strom 1992, p.145
Siona yes Wheeler - 1987:151
Tukano yes West and Welch 2004: 23, 116; Ramirez 1997: 151-154
Yanomami yes Ramirez 1994: 313-314
Ninam no Goodwin-Gomez, p.102
Sanumá no Borgman 1990: 82
Surui no info
Karitiana yes Everett 2006:328-9
Nheengatu no Cruz 2011
Paraguayan Guaraní no Ayala 1996:42-3
Aché yes It is a verbal suffix Rossler 2008:89
Kokama no Vallejos 2010:531
Nyangumarta yes 1
Jingulu yes 1
Wambaya no 0
Bunuba no 0
Walmajarri no 0
Nyulnyul no 0
Warrwa no 0
Worrorra no 64 0
Garrwa no info X
Gooniyandi no 0
Warlpiri yes s58, n24 1
Bardi no 0
Yugambeh
Yorta Yorta yes 88 1
Yir Yoront
Yindjibarndi yes 157 1
Yidiny no 0
Yanyuwa yes 135 1
Yandruwandha yes 116-7 1
Yan-nhangu
Yalarnnga yes 34 1
Woiwurrung no 75, 77 0
Wirangu yes 141-2 1
Wemba-Wemba no H 56 0
Warumungu no 57 0
Wangkumara yes 27 1
Uradhi No 381 0
Paakantyi no 228 0
Pitta-Pitta No 205 0
Pintupi yes 78 1
Nyungar no info x
Nhanta no 0
Ngiyambaa no 239 0
Ngayawang No 14 0
Muruwari yes 77 1
Mpakwithi
Mayi-Yapi No 68 0
Martuthunira no 88-90 0
Marrgany No 343 0
Kuuk Thaayorre No 124 0
Kuku Yalanji no 0
Kugu-Nganhcara No 436 0
Kaurna yes 17 1
Kalkatungu yes 78 1
Jaru yes 225 1
Guugu-Yimidhirr yes 80 1
Gureng Gureng no info x
Gupapuyngu
Gumbaynggirr yes 335 1
Gugu-Badhun no 0
Yuwaalaraay No 107 0
Dyirbal No 117-8 0
Duungidjawu no 110-111 0
Djinang No 146 0
Djabugay
Diyari no 0
Dharuk
Dharawal yes 58 1
Darkinyung no 46 0
Bularnu yes 100 1
Biri no 56-7 0
Bidjara-Gungabula no 0
Batyala no info x
Arabana yes 94 1
Alyawarr yes 56 1
Nyikina no 0
Yawuru
Ngarinyin
Yulparija Yes 45 1
Wathawurrung no 81 0
Mathi-Mathi no 103 0
Hunter River and Lake Macquarie yes 79, 89-91 1
Thanggati yes 51, 78 1
Katthang yes 90 1
Panyjima no 0
Ngarinyeri yes 42 1
Kurrama yes 41, 174-175 1
Yingkarta no 0
Githabul No 30 0
Gunya No 343 0
Kunjen No 101-103 0
WesternTorres yes FO 127, K85c 91 1
Wakaya no 109 0
Yindjilindji no info x
Bandjalang No 139 0
Ngaatjatjara yes 98 1
Arrernte Yes 175 1
Kokatha Yes 36 1
Karajarri No 348 0
Pitjantjatjara Yes G 245 1
Ritharrngu Yes 101 1
Warrgamay No 82 0
Warluwarra no 873 0
Warnman No 54 0
Djapu yes 106 1
Bilinarra yes 4.4.1.2 1
Wiradjuri no info x
Aghu-Tharnggala No 50 0
Narungga No 57 0
Tharrkari No 51 0
Wajarri No 132 0
Warungu yes 222, 285, 319 1
Adnyamathanha
Yagua no Payne and Payne 1990
Baniwa yes ma- Ramirez 2001