| Cahuilla |
|
|
|
Jane Hill |
|
|
|
| Cupeño |
|
|
|
Jane Hill |
|
|
|
| Luiseño |
|
|
|
Jane Hill |
|
|
|
| Serrano |
|
|
|
Jane Hill |
|
|
|
| Kitanemuk |
|
|
|
Jane Hill |
|
|
|
| Kawaiisu |
|
|
|
Jane Hill |
|
|
|
| Timbisha |
|
|
|
Jane Hill |
|
|
|
| Western Mono |
|
|
|
Jane Hill |
|
|
|
| Chemehuevi |
yes |
|
|
Jane Hill |
|
|
|
| Southern Paiute |
|
|
|
Jane Hill |
|
|
|
| Southern Ute |
|
|
|
Jane Hill |
|
|
|
| Shoshone |
|
|
|
Jane Hill |
|
|
|
| Comanche |
|
|
|
Jane Hill |
|
|
|
| Idaho Shoshone |
|
|
|
Jane Hill |
|
|
|
| Northern Paiute |
|
|
|
Jane Hill |
|
|
|
| Gabrielino |
|
|
|
Jane Hill |
|
|
|
| Achagua |
no |
|
Wilson & Levinsohn 1992: 131 |
Ana Paula Brandao |
|
|
|
| Resígaro |
no |
|
Allin, 1976: 302-303 |
Aimee Lawrence |
|
|
|
| Bare |
yes |
verbal suffix |
Aikhenvald, 1995: 33 |
Ana Paula Brandao, Aimee Lawrence |
|
|
|
| Piapoco |
no |
|
Galindo, 2002: 204 |
Aimee Lawrence |
|
|
|
| Yukuna |
yes |
Proclitic and enclitic negation, sometimes both are used. |
Shauer & Shauer, 2000: p. 523, Shauer 1978: 39 |
Aimee Lawrence |
|
|
|
| Yavitero |
no |
|
Mosonyi, 1987: p. 64 |
Ana Paula Brandão, Aimee Lawrence |
|
|
|
| Wapishana |
no |
|
Santos 2006 |
Ana Paula Brandao, Amanda Meeks |
|
|
|
| Wayuu |
no |
|
Mansen & Captain, 2000: p. 804 |
Aimee Lawrence |
|
|
|
| Tariana |
yes |
|
Aikhenvald, 2003: 400 |
Ana Paula Brandao, Aimee Lawrence |
|
|
|
| Apurinã |
yes |
|
Facundes, 2000: 530-533 |
Aimee Lawrence |
|
|
|
| Asheninka Apurucayali |
no |
|
Payne 1982:19 |
Amanda Meeks |
|
|
|
| Maipure |
no |
|
Zamponi 2003:38 |
Amanda Meeks |
|
|
|
| Yanesha' |
yes |
|
Duff-Tripp 1997:179-81 |
Daniel Valle |
|
|
|
| Kinikinau |
no |
|
Souza 2008:96-9 |
Daniel Valle |
|
|
|
| Baure |
yes |
mo- as a privative prefix |
Danielsen 2007: p338 |
Mitz Perez |
|
|
|
| Nanti |
no |
|
|
Aimee Lawrence |
|
|
|
| Paresi |
yes |
|
Brandão 2010:51-2 |
Daniel Valle |
|
|
|
| Palikur |
no |
|
Green and Green 1972:42-3 |
Daniel Valle |
|
|
|
| Yine |
no info |
no discussion of negation |
Matteson 1965 |
Daniel Smith |
|
|
|
| Añun |
yes |
|
Patte 1989:100 |
Daniel Smith |
|
|
|
| Bora |
yes |
|
Seifart - 2005:72; Thiesen - 1996:70 |
Amanda Meeks |
|
|
|
| Makiritare |
yes |
|
Hall 1988: 345 |
Melody Ann Ross |
|
|
|
| Makushi |
no |
|
Abbott 1991: 55 |
Melody Ann Ross |
|
|
|
| Eñepa |
yes |
|
Payne2012:353 |
Daniel Smith |
|
|
|
| Pemon |
no |
|
de Armellada 1999: 237, 238 |
Shannon Dardis |
|
|
|
| Guna |
yes |
|
Smith texts |
Daniel Smith |
|
|
|
| Naso |
no |
|
Quesada 2000 |
Daniel Smith |
|
|
|
| Ika |
yes |
This is a verbal suffix |
Frank 1990:6 |
Daniel Valle |
|
|
|
| Kogi |
yes |
The verbal suffix is represented as zha but there is no clue of what its phonological represenation might be. However, it isn ot clear in the source but it seems that negation is encoded along with tense in a portmanteau suffix. |
Stendal 1976.16 |
Daniel Valle |
|
|
|
| Cabecar |
no info |
|
|
Daniel Valle |
|
|
|
| Guaymí |
no |
|
Quesada 2008:63-8 |
Daniel Valle |
|
|
|
| Damana |
yes |
It is a verbal suffix |
Williams 1993:90 |
Daniel Valle |
|
|
|
| Sikuani |
yes |
|
de Kondo (Vol.1) - 1985:67; Queixalós - 2000:14, 25 |
Amanda Meeks |
|
|
|
| Macaguan |
yes |
|
Buenaventura - 1993:48 |
Amanda Meeks |
|
|
|
| Aguaruna |
yes |
|
Overall 2007:324-6 |
Daniel Valle |
|
The first suffix occurs in present and remote past tenses whereas the second occurs elsewhere |
|
| Northern Emberá |
yes |
|
Mortensen 1999:98 |
Daniel Valle |
|
Catío |
|
| Waorani |
yes |
|
Peeke 1991:19 |
Daniel Valle |
|
|
|
| Ingá |
yes |
|
Levinson 1974:39-40 |
Daniel Valle |
|
|
|
| Matses |
yes |
|
Fleck:1063 |
Daniel Valle |
|
|
|
| Mapudungun |
yes |
|
Zúñiga 2006, 110 |
Daniel Valle |
|
|
|
| Páez |
yes |
|
Jung:193 |
Daniel Valle |
|
|
|
| Quechua Ayacuchano |
no |
|
Parker 1965:22 |
Daniel Valle |
|
|
|
| Tikuna |
yes |
Verbal suffix. Based on examples |
Montes 2004b:75 |
Daniel Valle |
|
|
|
| Urarina |
yes |
|
Olawsky:552-5 |
Daniel Valle |
|
|
|
| Waunana |
yes |
It is a verbal suffix |
Loewen 1954:53 |
Daniel Valle |
|
|
|
| Andoke |
no |
|
Landaburu 1979: 100 |
Kelsey Neely |
|
|
|
| Puinave |
no |
|
Giron 2008: p293 |
Mitz Perez, Daniel Valle |
|
|
|
| Central Aymara |
yes |
|
Huayhua Pari 2001: 277 |
Shannon Dardis |
|
/-thi/ is the negative suffix |
|
| Kakua |
yes |
|
Bolaños fieldnotes |
Katherine Bolaños |
|
|
|
| Kaingang |
no info |
|
Silva 2011 |
Daniel Smith |
|
|
|
| Minica Witoto |
yes |
|
Minor and Minor 1982. p.16 |
Christopher Clack |
|
occurs with verbs |
|
| Hup |
yes |
|
Epps 2008 |
Pattie Epps |
|
|
|
| Nadëb/Roçado dialect |
yes |
|
Weir 1984 |
Katherine Bolaños |
|
|
|
| Dâw |
yes |
derived from the verb mɛ̃h, 'not.exist/not.have' |
Martins 2004 |
Katherine Bolaños |
|
|
|
| Desano |
yes |
|
Miller 1999, p. 7 |
Amanda Novak |
|
|
|
| Cubeo |
yes |
turns dynamic verb into stative verb stem also |
Morse & Maxwell 1999, p. 30 |
Amanda Novak |
|
|
|
| Kotiria |
yes |
clitic |
Stenzel 2004, p. 315 |
Amanda Novak |
|
|
|
| Makuna |
yes |
|
Smothermon & Smothermon 1993, p.60 |
Chris Clack |
|
shortened versions also used (-be/bi) |
|
| Koreguaje |
yes |
|
Cook & Criswell 1993, p.61-62 |
Chris Clack |
|
|
|
| Barasano |
yes |
|
Jones & Jones 1991, p.125 |
Chris Clack |
|
|
|
| Tanimuca |
yes |
Sentence negation is expressed by the verbal suffix -be which immegiately follows the verb root |
Strom 1992, p.145 |
Chris Clack |
|
|
|
| Siona |
yes |
|
Wheeler - 1987:151 |
Daniel Smith |
|
|
|
| Tukano |
yes |
|
West and Welch 2004: 23, 116; Ramirez 1997: 151-154 |
Kelsey Neely |
|
|
|
| Yanomami |
yes |
|
Ramirez 1994: 313-314 |
Kelsey Neely |
|
|
|
| Ninam |
no |
|
Goodwin-Gomez, p.102 |
Kelsey Neely |
|
|
|
| Sanumá |
no |
|
Borgman 1990: 82 |
Kelsey Neely |
|
|
|
| Surui |
no info |
|
|
Daniel Valle |
|
|
|
| Karitiana |
yes |
|
Everett 2006:328-9 |
Daniel Valle |
|
|
|
| Nheengatu |
no |
|
Cruz 2011 |
Daniel Smith |
|
|
|
| Paraguayan Guaraní |
no |
|
Ayala 1996:42-3 |
Daniel Valle |
|
|
|
| Aché |
yes |
It is a verbal suffix |
Rossler 2008:89 |
Daniel Valle |
|
|
|
| Kokama |
no |
|
Vallejos 2010:531 |
Daniel Smith |
|
|
|
| Nyangumarta |
yes |
|
|
done |
|
|
1 |
| Jingulu |
yes |
|
|
done |
|
|
1 |
| Wambaya |
no |
|
|
done |
|
|
0 |
| Bunuba |
no |
|
|
done |
|
|
0 |
| Walmajarri |
no |
|
|
Done-Claire |
|
|
0 |
| Nyulnyul |
no |
|
|
done? |
|
|
0 |
| Warrwa |
no |
|
|
done |
|
|
0 |
| Worrorra |
no |
|
64 |
done |
|
|
0 |
| Garrwa |
no info |
|
|
done |
|
|
X |
| Gooniyandi |
no |
|
|
done |
|
|
0 |
| Warlpiri |
yes |
|
s58, n24 |
done |
|
|
1 |
| Bardi |
no |
|
|
done-Claire |
|
|
0 |
| Yugambeh |
|
|
|
Y? |
|
|
|
| Yorta Yorta |
yes |
|
88 |
done |
|
|
1 |
| Yir Yoront |
|
|
|
Done-Dan |
|
|
|
| Yindjibarndi |
yes |
|
157 |
done-Dan |
|
|
1 |
| Yidiny |
no |
|
|
done-Catherine |
|
|
0 |
| Yanyuwa |
yes |
|
135 |
Done-Austin |
|
|
1 |
| Yandruwandha |
yes |
|
116-7 |
Done-Dan |
|
|
1 |
| Yan-nhangu |
|
|
|
not yet |
|
|
|
| Yalarnnga |
yes |
|
34 |
Done-Dan |
|
|
1 |
| Woiwurrung |
no |
|
75, 77 |
done-Amalia |
|
|
0 |
| Wirangu |
yes |
|
141-2 |
done |
|
|
1 |
| Wemba-Wemba |
no |
|
H 56 |
done-Amalia |
|
|
0 |
| Warumungu |
no |
|
57 |
done-Amalia |
|
|
0 |
| Wangkumara |
yes |
|
27 |
done |
|
|
1 |
| Uradhi |
No |
|
381 |
Y |
|
|
0 |
| Paakantyi |
no |
|
228 |
Y-Hannah |
|
|
0 |
| Pitta-Pitta |
No |
|
205 |
Done-Amalia |
|
|
0 |
| Pintupi |
yes |
|
78 |
done-Hannah |
|
|
1 |
| Nyungar |
no info |
|
|
done |
|
|
x |
| Nhanta |
no |
|
|
Done-Hannah |
|
|
0 |
| Ngiyambaa |
no |
|
239 |
Done-Emily |
|
|
0 |
| Ngayawang |
No |
|
14 |
done-Amalia |
|
|
0 |
| Muruwari |
yes |
|
77 |
Done-Dan |
|
|
1 |
| Mpakwithi |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Mayi-Yapi |
No |
|
68 |
done |
|
|
0 |
| Martuthunira |
no |
|
88-90 |
done |
|
|
0 |
| Marrgany |
No |
|
343 |
Done-Amalia |
|
|
0 |
| Kuuk Thaayorre |
No |
|
124 |
Done-Amalia |
|
|
0 |
| Kuku Yalanji |
no |
|
|
Done-Jessica |
|
|
0 |
| Kugu-Nganhcara |
No |
|
436 |
done-Amalia |
|
|
0 |
| Kaurna |
yes |
|
17 |
done-Amalia |
|
|
1 |
| Kalkatungu |
yes |
|
78 |
Done-Dan |
|
|
1 |
| Jaru |
yes |
|
225 |
Done-Amalia |
|
|
1 |
| Guugu-Yimidhirr |
yes |
|
80 |
Done-Amalia |
|
|
1 |
| Gureng Gureng |
no info |
|
|
Done-Amalia |
|
|
x |
| Gupapuyngu |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Gumbaynggirr |
yes |
|
335 |
done-Amalia |
|
|
1 |
| Gugu-Badhun |
no |
|
|
done-Jessica |
|
|
0 |
| Yuwaalaraay |
No |
|
107 |
|
|
|
0 |
| Dyirbal |
No |
|
117-8 |
done-Amalia |
|
|
0 |
| Duungidjawu |
no |
|
110-111 |
done |
|
|
0 |
| Djinang |
No |
|
146 |
Done-Amalia |
|
|
0 |
| Djabugay |
|
|
|
done |
|
|
|
| Diyari |
no |
|
|
done-Hannah |
|
|
0 |
| Dharuk |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Dharawal |
yes |
|
58 |
done-Hannah w Dhurga) |
|
|
1 |
| Darkinyung |
no |
|
46 |
done |
|
|
0 |
| Bularnu |
yes |
|
100 |
Done-Austin |
|
|
1 |
| Biri |
no |
|
56-7 |
done-Jessica |
|
|
0 |
| Bidjara-Gungabula |
no |
|
|
done-Jessica |
|
|
0 |
| Batyala |
no info |
|
|
Done-Amalia |
|
|
x |
| Arabana |
yes |
|
94 |
Done-Dan |
|
|
1 |
| Alyawarr |
yes |
|
56 |
done |
|
|
1 |
| Nyikina |
no |
|
|
done-Claire |
|
|
0 |
| Yawuru |
|
|
|
Y-Claire |
|
|
|
| Ngarinyin |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yulparija |
Yes |
|
45 |
Done-Amalia |
|
|
1 |
| Wathawurrung |
no |
|
81 |
done |
|
|
0 |
| Mathi-Mathi |
no |
|
103 |
done-Amalia |
|
|
0 |
| Hunter River and Lake Macquarie |
yes |
|
79, 89-91 |
done-Amalia |
|
|
1 |
| Thanggati |
yes |
|
51, 78 |
done |
|
|
1 |
| Katthang |
yes |
|
90 |
done-Amalia |
|
|
1 |
| Panyjima |
no |
|
|
done |
|
|
0 |
| Ngarinyeri |
yes |
|
42 |
done-Amalia |
|
|
1 |
| Kurrama |
yes |
|
41, 174-175 |
done-Dan |
|
|
1 |
| Yingkarta |
no |
|
|
Done-Claire |
|
|
0 |
| Githabul |
No |
|
30 |
Done-Amalia |
|
|
0 |
| Gunya |
No |
|
343 |
Done-Amalia |
|
|
0 |
| Kunjen |
No |
|
101-103 |
Done- |
|
|
0 |
| WesternTorres |
yes |
|
FO 127, K85c 91 |
done |
|
|
1 |
| Wakaya |
no |
|
109 |
done |
|
|
0 |
| Yindjilindji |
no info |
|
|
done |
|
|
x |
| Bandjalang |
No |
|
139 |
Done-Amalia |
|
|
0 |
| Ngaatjatjara |
yes |
|
98 |
done |
|
|
1 |
| Arrernte |
Yes |
|
175 |
|
|
|
1 |
| Kokatha |
Yes |
|
36 |
|
|
|
1 |
| Karajarri |
No |
|
348 |
Done-Amalia |
|
|
0 |
| Pitjantjatjara |
Yes |
|
G 245 |
|
|
|
1 |
| Ritharrngu |
Yes |
|
101 |
Done-Amalia |
|
|
1 |
| Warrgamay |
No |
|
82 |
Done-Amalia |
|
|
0 |
| Warluwarra |
no |
|
873 |
Done-Amalia |
|
|
0 |
| Warnman |
No |
|
54 |
Done-Amalia |
|
|
0 |
| Djapu |
yes |
|
106 |
|
|
|
1 |
| Bilinarra |
yes |
|
4.4.1.2 |
done |
|
|
1 |
| Wiradjuri |
no info |
|
|
done |
|
|
x |
| Aghu-Tharnggala |
No |
|
50 |
Y2 |
|
|
0 |
| Narungga |
No |
|
57 |
done |
|
|
0 |
| Tharrkari |
No |
|
51 |
|
|
|
0 |
| Wajarri |
No |
|
132 |
|
|
|
0 |
| Warungu |
yes |
|
222, 285, 319 |
|
|
|
1 |
| Adnyamathanha |
|
|
|
Y2 |
|
|
|
| Yagua |
no |
|
Payne and Payne 1990 |
Daniel Smith |
|
|
|
| Baniwa |
yes |
ma- |
Ramirez 2001 |
Patience Epps |
|
|
|
