Plural affix on noun

Category
Nominal Categories - Number
Notes

Languages

Language Feature Status Grammatical Notes Source Etymology Notes General Notes Phylogenetic Code
Cahuilla yes
Cupeño yes
Luiseño yes
Serrano yes
Kitanemuk
Kawaiisu yes
Timbisha yes
Western Mono yes
Chemehuevi yes
Southern Paiute yes
Southern Ute yes
Shoshone yes
Comanche yes
Idaho Shoshone yes
Northern Paiute yes
Gabrielino
Achagua yes There is a plural marker on inalienable nouns (animates) Wilson & Levinsohn 1992: 63
Resígaro yes Both dual and plural markers. Allin 1976: 164
Bare yes Aikhenvald, 1995: 18
Piapoco yes Galindo, 2002: 103
Yukuna yes Only on animate nouns. Shauer 1978: 43
Yavitero yes Used emphatically, the singular form can be used with either a singular or plural meaning. -nawi is the normal plural marker, -je is used on a small set of nouns (mostly words for humans, but also íkule 'thing, belonging.') Mosonyi, 1987: p. 36
Wapishana yes Santos, 2006: 143
Wayuu yes Plural may also be marked with the 'definite article,' -kana, which is affixed to the noun. Mansen & Captain, 2000: p. 797
Tariana yes -pe seems to be the most regular plural marker, although some clitics have a "built-in" plural? Aikhenvald, 2003: 83
Apurinã yes Facundes, 2000: 260-262
Asheninka Apurucayali yes Mihas 2010:106
Maipure yes The suffix -nè can only be used when the noun is not inalienably possessed. Zamponi 2003:25 In some dialects, pluralization is optional; it is only used when the speaker wishes to "emphasize" plurality.
Yanesha' yes The suffix orthographically is -esha´ but there is not a phonological key to go from orthography to phonology. There is another plural suffix -are´. Duff-Tripp 1997:26
Kinikinau no info
Baure yes suffix -nev for any countable non human noun after CVCV; human plural -anev Danielsen 2007: p127
Nanti yes Michael, 2008. p. 297
Paresi yes Brandão 2010:15
Palikur yes Green and Green 1972:51
Yine yes Wise 1986:102
Añun yes Patte 1989
Bora yes Thiesen notes that plurality can also be achieved by manipulating the noun classifiers that are chosen. There are also unique plural markers that correspond to specific noun classes. Seifart - 2005: 56; Thiesen - 1996:26-30
Makiritare yes Hall 1988: 306
Makushi yes Carson 1982:73-77
Eñepa yes collective (only humans); the others are clitics that may appear on PNs, Ns, Dems and Vs Payne 2012:68, 131-134
Pemon yes de Armellada 1999: 50 to 52
Guna yes -mar is short form Smith texts
Naso yes Quesada 2000
Ika no Frank 1990:29
Kogi yes The plural saffix is represented as -cuai but I am not sure if that is its phonological form Stendal 1976:18
Cabecar no Bourland 1976:54
Guaymí yes Alphonse 1956:2
Damana yes
Sikuani yes Occur with all types of nouns. de Kondo (Vol.1) - 1985:126; Queixalós - 2000:167-171
Macaguan no info strangely, author never shows example of a plural noun. Pa- marks plural subject on verb Buenaventura 1993:44
Aguaruna no Overall 2007:124, 195-7
Northern Emberá yes It seems that the plural is a clitic rather than a nominal suffix since it attaches to the end of the NP. Aguirre 1999:74, Mortensen 1999:15 Chamí
Waorani no info
Ingá yes add suffix "-cuna" to the noun root Levinson 1978:6
Matses no Fleck:272-3
Mapudungun no Zúñiga 2006, p. 87-9
Páez yes Jung:131-3
Quechua Ayacuchano yes However, this plural suffix is not obligatory for plural nouns Parker 1965:26, 39
Tikuna yes based on the examples Faco Soares 1993:103
Urarina yes Olawsky:157
Waunana yes Loewen 1954:78-79
Andoke no info
Puinave yes -at, -it, -ut' irregular markers used to achieve vowel harmony with vowel in root, however the stem may undergo an addition to the syllable in order to avoid double Vs Giron 2008: p191
Central Aymara yes Deza Galindo 1992: 77, 78
Kakua yes Bolaños fieldnotes
Kaingang yes taken from examples… author does not discuss this topic Silva 2011:62
Minica Witoto yes Minor and Minor 1982. p.33
Hup yes Epps 2008
Nadëb/Roçado dialect no Weir 1984
Dâw no Martins 2004
Desano yes The majority of inanimate nouns are pluralized by the addition of the suffix -ri. The majority of animate, nonhuman nouns use the plural suffix -a. Miller 1999, p. 52
Cubeo yes The plural suffix used on human nouns is -wA. The plurals of classifiers are formed in the same way as the plurals of class 2 nouns: the plural suffix -A may be added to any classifier (non-human.) Morse & Maxwell 1999, p. 74-77 Coalesence causes plural nouns or classifiers that end in 'a' to be the same as their singular counterpart.
Kotiria yes marked by suffixes Stenzel 2004, p. 128
Makuna yes -a (anim.), -ri (inanimate) Smothermon & Smothermon 1993, p.34
Koreguaje yes added after the classifier on the noun (inan.) Cook & Criswell 1993, p.15, 18 There is "implicit pluralism" in the forms without classifier
Barasano yes Nouns may be pluralized in various ways: the prototypical marker for animate nouns is -a (plural, animate) and the pluralizer for nearly all inanimate nouns is -ri (plural, inan.) Jones & Jones 1991, p.20
Tanimuca yes Strom 1992, p.46-47
Siona yes Wheeler - 1970:95; Wheeler - 1987:110
Tukano yes West and Welch 2004: 78; Ramirez 1997: 93, 204
Yanomami no Ramirez 1994: 195
Ninam no Goodwin-Gomez, p.79-80
Sanumá no Borgman 1990 inferred from examples
Surui yes bontkes and Dooley 1984:14
Karitiana no Everett 2006:296
Nheengatu no Cruz 2011
Paraguayan Guaraní no Ayala 1996:65
Aché no info
Kokama no Vallejos 2010:42
Nyangumarta yes 1
Jingulu yes 1
Wambaya yes 1
Bunuba yes 1
Walmajarri yes 1
Nyulnyul no 0
Warrwa no 0
Worrorra yes 25 1
Garrwa yes 1
Gooniyandi no 0
Warlpiri yes n24 1
Bardi yes 1
Yugambeh
Yorta Yorta yes 59-60 1
Yir Yoront
Yindjibarndi yes 52 1
Yidiny no 0
Yanyuwa yes 14 1
Yandruwandha yes 113 1
Yan-nhangu
Yalarnnga yes 33 1
Woiwurrung maybe 67, 72-73 1
Wirangu yes 42-3 1
Wemba-Wemba yes H 27 1
Warumungu yes 27 1
Wangkumara no info X
Uradhi No 353 0
Paakantyi yes 82-84 1
Pitta-Pitta yes 201 1
Pintupi no 0
Nyungar no info x
Nhanta yes 58 1
Ngiyambaa yes 99-101, 103, 104 1
Ngayawang yes 6 1
Muruwari yes 49 1
Mpakwithi
Mayi-Yapi No 39 0
Martuthunira yes 95 1
Marrgany yes 312 1
Kuuk Thaayorre No 213 0
Kuku Yalanji yes 55-6 1
Kugu-Nganhcara No 421 0
Kaurna yes 5 1
Kalkatungu yes 80 1
Jaru no 234 0
Guugu-Yimidhirr yes 55 1
Gureng Gureng no info x
Gupapuyngu
Gumbaynggirr yes 277 1
Gugu-Badhun n/a 0
Yuwaalaraay Yes 43 1
Dyirbal No 241 0
Duungidjawu yes 40-42 1
Djinang Yes 86 1
Djabugay
Diyari yes 41 1
Dharuk
Dharawal yes 47 1
Darkinyung yes 17 1
Bularnu yes 21 1
Biri n/a 0
Bidjara-Gungabula no 139 0
Batyala No 4 0
Arabana yes 63 1
Alyawarr yes 85 1
Nyikina no 0
Yawuru
Ngarinyin
Yulparija Yes 19 1
Wathawurrung no 71 0
Mathi-Mathi no 74 0
Hunter River and Lake Macquarie yes 64 1
Thanggati yes 18-19 1
Katthang yes 42 1
Panyjima yes 149-150 1
Ngarinyeri yes 11 1
Kurrama yes 51 1
Yingkarta no 0
Githabul yes 11 1
Gunya Maybe 312 1
Kunjen No info x
WesternTorres yes FO 136 1
Wakaya yes 10.1.3.2 1
Yindjilindji yes 507 1
Bandjalang yes 39 1
Ngaatjatjara No 29 0
Arrernte No 89 0
Kokatha No 54 0
Karajarri Yes 144 1
Pitjantjatjara Yes G 93 1
Ritharrngu Yes 29 1
Warrgamay No 35 0
Warluwarra yes 881 1
Warnman Yes 25 1
Djapu no 47 0
Bilinarra yes 4.4.2.1 1
Wiradjuri yes m286 1
Aghu-Tharnggala No 48 0
Narungga Yes 66 1
Tharrkari Yes 23 1
Wajarri Yes 68 1
Warungu yes 230 1
Adnyamathanha
Yagua yes Payne and Payne 1990:446
Baniwa yes -nai (animate), -pe (group, usu animate) Ramirez 2001