| Bankalachi Toloim |
Salix spp. |
sal-lam? |
|
Willow (Salix spp) |
loan |
|
|
Yokuts |
Proto-NimYokuts *salam (Golla 1964:66) |
|
|
same |
underived |
|
|
|
|
C. H. Merriam 60-467 (in pencil) |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Big Smokey Valley Shoshone |
Salix spp. |
syhy-pin |
|
willow tree, generic tree in Cherry Creek dialect (M: willow (Salix sp.) |
inheritance |
*sɨhɨ |
Numic |
|
Stubbs 2486 (2008:332); is this related to the *sɨhɨ Rhus trilobata words? Both used for basketry withes. |
|
|
narrower (a species of willow, probably) |
other complex |
has -pi ABS |
|
|
|
Crapo 1976:188 |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Cahuilla |
Salix spp. |
ɂávasilʸ |
ˈʔavasiʎ |
willow, black willow |
unique |
|
|
|
Lu. wat “black willow”, and note Cora waseh “sauce”. Could use some work. |
|
|
narrower (Bean & Saubel 1972:135 record only as Salix Gooddingii, noting that another species (for which they give no information, is /saxat/. Seiler & Hioki give /saxat/ as Mountain Cahuilla; here I am using Palm Springs dialect. |
other complex |
ˈʔavasi-ʎ Root may be complex |
-m-exan-7a "inanimate" |
-m-exan-7a (inanimate classifier) |
|
Seiler&Hioki 1979:17 |
no info |
2 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
leaves ground for medicinal tea |
gathered (wild) |
women |
leaves ground in mortar and pulp steeped for several hours |
0 |
|
0 |
|
Southwestern US and presumably Mexico (plants.usda.gov) |
Along streams and in wet places below 2000 feet |
no |
|
|
|
| Central Sierra Miwok |
Salix spp. |
sakál:y- |
|
willow |
loan |
|
Mono? |
Gabrielino |
Jhh |
|
|
|
other complex |
-y nominalizer |
|
|
|
Freeland & Broadbent 1960 |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Chemehuevi |
Salix spp. |
sagávə |
(voiceless schwa) |
Willow (Salix sp.) |
inheritance |
*sakat |
Proto-Uto-Aztecan |
|
Stubbs 1023 (2008:166) |
WW |
%saka |
narrower (a species of willow) |
other complex |
has -pɨ ABS |
|
|
|
Merriam 59:539 |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Chumash Barbareno |
Salix spp. |
shtayɨt |
|
“S. laevigata; S. lasiolepis |
unique |
|
Central Chumash only |
|
|
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Timbrook 2007:182 |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Chumash Ineseno |
Salix spp. |
shtajyt |
|
Merriam defines as Willow sp (small narrow leaves, no [bracts?] Timbrook S. lasiolepis |
inheritance |
|
Central Chumash only |
|
Central Chumash |
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Merriam 55:23; Applegate 409 |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Chumash Obispeno |
Salix spp. |
tsa' |
|
Arroyo willow, S. lasiolepis |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Timbrook 2007:182 |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Chumash Ventureno |
Salix spp. |
khaw |
|
S. lasiolepis |
unique |
|
|
|
Only in V, C |
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Timbrook 2007:180 |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Cocopa |
Salix spp. |
ɂayá· |
|
tree, willow |
inheritance |
with *-yaaw |
Proto-Yuman |
|
JHH Langdon mentions somewhere with no recon |
|
|
broader (generic for tree) |
underived |
|
|
|
|
Crawford 1989 |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Comanche |
Salix spp. |
sɨhɨɨbi |
|
willow |
inheritance |
**sɨhɨ |
Numic |
|
Stubbs 2486 (2008:332); is this related to the *sɨhɨ “Rhus trilobata” words? Both used for basketry withes. |
|
|
narrower (a species of willow, surely) |
other complex |
has -pi ABS |
|
|
|
Robinson & Armagost 1990:165 |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Cupeño |
Salix spp. |
pashkavish |
ˈpaʃkaviʃ |
pussy willow |
inheritance |
*-saka- |
Uto-Aztecan |
|
*pa:-saka-vi “water-willow-?-; S1023 (Stubbs 2009:166) |
|
|
same |
other complex |
ˈpaʃkavi-ʃ black.willow-npn |
|
|
|
Hill & Nolasquez 1973:167 |
no info |
2 |
|
2 |
|
no info |
|
gathered (wild) |
women |
mainly for basketry |
0 |
|
0 |
|
Southwestern US and presumably Mexico (plants.usda.gov) |
along streams, mainly below 2000 feet (??) |
no |
|
|
|
| Esselen |
Salix spp. |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Gabrielino |
Salix spp. |
$axa:t |
şaˈxa:t |
saus |
inheritance |
*sakat |
Uto-Aztecan |
|
also as $axa:t at 123 and at 547 in $a$a(:)xat; S1023 (Stubbs 2009:166) |
|
|
same |
other complex |
şaˈxa:-t npn |
|
|
|
Harrington 164 |
no info |
2 |
used in construction of the yovaar (Harrington 1978:136) |
2 |
|
no info |
|
gathered (wild) |
women |
fiber plant, basketry, wood |
0 |
|
0 |
|
Southwestern US and Mexico |
Along streams and in wet places below 2000 feet |
no |
|
|
|
| Iipay 'Aa |
Salix spp. |
ɂeyaaw |
|
willow (var.) |
inheritance |
*-yaaw |
Proto-Yuman |
|
JHH mentioned somewhere by Langdon with no recon. |
|
|
narrower (a kind of willow; there are 3 names in 'Iipay Aa, none identified by C&H) |
underived |
|
|
|
|
Couro & Hutcheson 1973 |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Kawaiisu |
Salix spp. |
puhisɨɨvibɨ |
|
Salix lasiolepis |
inheritance |
*puhi-*sɨhɨ green-willow |
Proto-Numic |
|
S2486 (2008:332); the compound unique in Kawaiisu, I think |
|
|
same |
phrase |
puhi-sɨɨvi-bɨ green-willow-ABS |
bɨ, pɨ |
bɨ, pɨ seem to classify for plants, trees |
|
1981 Zigmond |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Kiliwa |
Salix spp. |
?+?yaaw |
|
willow |
inheritance |
with *-yaaw |
Proto-Yuman JHH |
|
|
|
|
same |
other complex |
dummy.nominal.element -willow |
|
|
|
Mixco 1985 |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Kitanemuk |
Salix spp. |
hakat |
ˈhakat |
willow (used in coiled basketry) |
inheritance |
*sakat |
Uto-Aztecan |
|
S1023 (Stubbs 2009:166) |
WW |
%saka |
broader (includes plant and basketry materials) |
other complex |
ˈhaka-t willow-npn |
-niw |
possessive classifier for things |
|
Anderton 1988:298 |
no info |
2 |
|
2 |
mainly for basketry |
no info |
|
gathered (wild) |
women |
stems for basketry, other wood uses |
0 |
|
0 |
|
Southwestern U.S. and Mexico |
Along streams and in wet places below 2000 feet |
no |
|
|
|
| Lake Miwok |
Salix spp. |
káje |
|
willow (generic) (et) |
unique |
|
|
|
Callaghan notes similar Pomo words for “manzanita” but I think this is too much of a semantic stretch; plants not similar in form or function JHH |
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Callaghan 1965 |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Luiseño |
Salix spp. |
$axát |
şaʹxat |
Arroyo willow |
inheritance |
*sakat |
Uto-Aztecan |
|
S1023 (Stubbs 2009:166) |
|
|
same |
other complex |
şaʹxa-t willow.sp-non.possessed.noun |
|
|
|
Elliott 1999:845 |
no info |
2 |
used in construction of the wamkish (Harrington 1978:136) |
2 |
|
no info |
|
gathered (wild) |
all |
twigs and branches cut |
0 |
|
0 |
|
Southwestern US and Mexico |
Along streams and in wet places below 2000 feet |
no |
|
|
|
| Maidu |
Salix spp. |
c'ùp'í |
|
willow |
inheritance |
*c'up' |
Maiduan |
|
Ultan 1964:362 # 38 |
|
|
|
other complex |
-i is stem former |
|
|
|
Shipley 1963 |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Mojave |
Salix spp. |
ɂiidoo |
|
willow |
inheritance |
with *-yaaw |
Proto-Yuman |
|
JHH but in Langdon somewhere with no recon |
|
|
same |
underived |
|
|
|
|
Munro et al.1992 |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Mutsun |
Salix spp. |
patax; tarax |
|
willow; small, white willow (Merriam confirms the latter Merriam 55:421) |
unique |
|
Southern Costanoan only |
|
Pinart has “tarraš” in Co IV; Merriam has also for Rumsen |
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Mason 1916:430 |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Nisenan |
Salix spp. |
ty:ttyt; c'uju: |
|
S. lasiolepis; c'uju is S. hindsiana (CHM Merriam 57:247) |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Uldall & Shipley 1966 |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Northern Paiute |
Salix spp. |
suube |
|
silver willow (M: Willow (Salix lasiolepis) |
inheritance |
*sɨhɨ |
Numic |
|
Stubbs 2486 (2008:332) |
|
|
same |
other complex |
has -pi ABS |
|
|
|
Merriam 61:151 |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Northern Sierra Miwok |
Salix spp. |
sos:o- |
|
Merriam S. lasiolepis (CC) |
inheritance |
|
Eastern Miwokan |
|
In Mip |
|
|
|
reduplicated |
|
|
|
|
Callaghan 1987 |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Plains Miwok |
Salix spp. |
sos:o- |
|
red willow; white willow (CHM has none of these) |
inheritance |
|
Eastern Miwokan |
|
sos:o in Mins |
|
|
|
reduplicated |
|
|
|
|
Callaghan 1984 |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Salinan A |
Salix spp. |
7a(:)šwét |
|
willow (Salix sp.) |
unique |
|
Salinan A only |
|
|
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Merriam 55:385; Turner 1980:87 |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Salinan M |
Salix spp. |
pəsxét |
|
willow |
loan |
|
|
Takic |
saxat; perhaps by way of Yokuts |
WW |
%saka |
|
other complex |
p- is articular prefix on loan |
|
|
|
Mason 1918:129 |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Seri (Comcaac) |
Salix spp. |
paaij |
|
Goodding willow, driftwood |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
narrower (a species of willow) |
underived |
|
|
|
|
Comcaac Dictionary 463 |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Serrano |
Salix spp. |
haqat |
|
willow |
inheritance |
*sakat |
Uto-Aztecan |
|
S1023 (Stubbs 2009:166) |
|
|
|
other complex |
-t NPN |
|
|
|
KCHill ms 2001:12 |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Southern Paiute |
Salix spp. |
qanavɨ |
|
willow (Merriam: Willow sp. (small, red, on Colorado R.) |
inheritance |
*kana |
Proto-Northern Uto-Aztecan |
|
Stubbs 2487 (2008:332), some issues with the set |
|
|
narrower (a species of willow) |
other complex |
has -pɨ ABS |
|
|
|
Sapir 1930:629 |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Southern Sierra Miwok |
Salix spp. |
sakaHl- |
|
small willow used for making baskets (Merriam has S. lasiolepis) |
loan |
|
|
Mono or Takic CHECK |
Same loan is into Proto-Nim-Yokuts from Takic |
WW |
%saka |
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Broadbent 1964: |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Southern Ute |
Salix spp. |
kaná-vŲ |
|
willow |
inheritance |
*kana |
Northern Uto-Aztecan |
|
Stubbs 2487 (2008:332), some issues with the set |
|
|
same |
other complex |
has -pɨ ABS |
|
|
|
Givon 1979 |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Tübatulabal |
Salix spp. |
sāhat |
sa:ˈhat |
willow, Salix laevigata |
inheritance |
*sakat |
Uto-Aztecan |
|
S1023 (Stubbs 2009:166) |
WW |
%saka |
same |
other complex |
sa:ˈha-t willow-npn |
|
|
|
Hill 2010:77 |
no info |
2 |
|
2 |
mainly for baskets, matting, etc. |
no info |
|
gathered (wild) |
women |
basketry |
0 |
|
0 |
|
Southwestern U.S. and Mexico |
Along streams and in wet places below 2000 feet |
no |
|
|
|
| Tümpisa Shoshone |
Salix spp. |
süüpin |
|
willow, wicker |
inheritance |
*sɨhɨ |
Proto-Numic |
|
S2486 (2008:332) |
|
|
same |
other complex |
süü-pin willow-CL |
pin |
|
|
Dayley 1989:262 |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Wappo |
Salix spp. |
chùpe pót'e |
|
white willow (for baskets) (CHM confirms S. hindsiana 52:583) |
inheritance |
|
Yukian-Wappo |
|
Yukian *sip(i/a); Elmendort 1993:211 |
|
|
|
phrase |
willow gray |
|
|
|
Sawyer 1965 |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Washo |
Salix spp. |
hímu |
|
Salix nigra, hindsiana, geyeriana |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Merriam 55:315; WPD |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Western Mono |
Salix spp. |
sɨhɨbɨ |
|
(Pacific) willow tree (Salix lasiandra) |
inheritance |
*sɨhɨ |
Proto-Numic |
|
S2486 (2008:332) |
|
|
same |
derived |
|
-pɨ |
|
|
Bethel et al.:182 |
no info |
2 |
|
2 |
|
no info |
|
gathered (wild) |
women |
withes (sticks) used in basket-making; they are the tan withes |
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Wintu |
Salix spp. |
tonmi “white willow” |
|
white willow, used for baskets (CHM confirms S. hindsiana 56:117 McCloud) |
inheritance |
*ton - *mi |
Wintun |
|
Shepherd 2005 |
|
|
|
compound |
|
|
|
|
Pitkin 1985 |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Yavapai |
Salix spp. |
ɂyó·, ɂyó: |
|
willow |
inheritance |
with *-yaaw |
Proto-Yuman |
|
JHH, mentioned somewhere by Langdon with no recon |
|
|
|
unknown |
|
|
|
|
Shaterian 1983 |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Yokuts Palewyami |
Salix spp. |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Yokuts Yawdanchi |
Salix spp. |
caxatc |
|
willow (Merriam confirms; for Wik is S. lasiolepis (58:575) |
loan |
|
|
Takic |
perhaps from Kitanemuk/Serrano before the change *s > /h/;; probably into Proto-Nim-Yokuts |
|
|
same |
underived |
|
|
|
|
Kroeber 1961:199 |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Yokuts Yowlumne |
Salix spp. |
şaxaT, caxaT |
|
willow (Merriam: S. nigra) 58:567 |
loan |
|
|
Takic |
perhaps from Kitanemuk/Serrano before the change *s > /h/; probably into Proto-Nim-Yokuts |
WW |
%saka |
narrower (a kind of willow) |
underived |
|
|
|
|
Kroeber 1961:199 |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Yuki |
Salix spp. |
šipi A,šipit A |
|
Willow (white) |
inheritance |
*sip, *sipa, *sipi |
Yukian-Wappo |
|
Schlichter 1985; Elmendorf 1993:211 |
|
|
|
other complex |
-it a noun suffix |
|
|
|
Sawyer & Schlichter 1984 |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Yuma |
Salix spp. |
a-thō' |
|
Willow (Salix sp.) |
inheritance |
with *-yaaw |
Proto-Yuman |
|
JHH but in Langdon somwhere with no recon |
|
|
|
unknown |
|
|
|
|
Merriam 61:469 |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
