Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

macaw

Semantic Field
flora-fauna
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
ara, guacamaya
Meaning Portuguese
Arara

Languages

Language Linnean Name Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Etymology Notes Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Range of Term Word Structure Word Structure Notes Classifier Classifier Notes Hypernym Source Association with Social Categories Ritual/Mythologically Significant Ritual Notes Food Source Food Notes Medicinal Medicinal Notes How Collected Who Collects How Prepared Psychotropic Psychotropic Notes Traded Trade Notes Distribution Habitat Dangerous Ethnobiology Notes Species Notes General Notes
Akawaio family Psittacidae; Ara sp. wayara wayara doubtful loan into protolg - WW Akawaio, Pemon %arara WW %ara See Language page 1 1 0 0 1 Widespread Amazonia no
Baniwa family Psittacidae; Ara sp. áadaro áadaɻo doubtful loan into protolg - WW Proto-Arawak (North and South) %arara Wanderwort: see Cocama arara, Wanano daharo, Carib forms, Spanish ara, Portuguese arara WW %ara uncoded See Language page 1 1 0 0 1 Widespread Amazonia no
Carijona family Psittacidae; Ara sp. caheta (yellow macaw); kinoro (red macaw) unique See Language page 1 1 0 0 1 Widespread Amazonia no
Cubeo family Psittacidae; Ara sp. no generic term; májʉmecʉ ('blue and yellow macaw'); ma ('gucamayu bandera; also: 'red macaw') ma, 'bã́ (H&R), máxɨmekɨ inheritance Proto-Tukanoan Guahiban Proto-Guahiban; e.g. Macaguan máha. Also májʉmecʉ ('blue and yellow macaw'); Narrower (red macaw) uncoded See Language page 1 1 0 0 1 Widespread Amazonia no
Dâw family Psittacidae; Ara sp. kaál’ kǎl’  doubtful loan Arawak, see Paresi kalo missing See Language page 1 1 0 0 1 Widespread Amazonia no
Desano family Psittacidae; Ara sp. majã mahã, bã'hã́ inheritance Proto-Tukanoan Guahiban Proto-Guahiban; e.g. Macaguan máha uncoded See Language page 1 1 0 0 1 Widespread Amazonia no
Eñepa family Psittacidae; Ara sp. ara, kamaya (MM) ara, kamaja (MM) doubtful loan into protolg - WW; loan - WW %arara; %wakamaja See Nheengatu arara. Also kamaja WW %ara See Language page 1 1 0 0 1 Widespread Amazonia no
Guayabero family Psittacidae; Ara sp. máha máha loan into protolanguage Tukanoan? uncoded See Language page 1 1 0 0 1 Widespread Amazonia no
Hodï family Psittacidae; Ara sp. jkamaya, uli jkamaya (Zent 05) loan - WW %wakamaja; from Span? or Eñepa Eñepa "kamaja" (but see also Sp. guacamaya, said to be borrowed from Arawak Taino); cf. maya (Guarisma & Coppens) uncoded See Language page 1 1 0 0 1 Widespread Amazonia no
Waorani family Psittacidae; Ara sp. æ̃wæ̃ unique missing See Language page 1 1 0 0 1 Widespread Amazonia no
Hup family Psittacidae; Ara sp. yǎk jǎk unique underived See Language page 1 feathers for decoration 1 0 hunted men 0 1 Widespread Amazonia no
Kakua family Psittacidae; Ara sp. jaw jâwʔ inheritance underived See Language page 1 1 0 0 1 Widespread Amazonia no
Macaguan family Psittacidae; Ara sp. mája máha loan into protolanguage Tukanoan? e.g. Tukano maha; See also Arawak: wakámaaja; Barbacoa: wakamaja uncoded See Language page 1 1 0 0 1 Widespread Amazonia no
Makushi family Psittacidae; Ara sp. kararúá kararúá unknown possible %arara form? May be loan into Ninam: kaɾaɾawasi WW %ara See Language page 1 1 0 0 1 Widespread Amazonia no
Nheengatu family Psittacidae; Ara sp. arara arara loan into protolg? - WW Proto-Tupi-Guarani %arara Reconstructed PTG Mello 2000. There are several species of macaw that are classified by their color in Nheengatu. Example: arara cukiri translates to blue macaw.) araramiri (arara=macaw,miri=small) arara'I (Ara severa) underived See Language page 1 1 0 0 1 Widespread Amazonia no
Ninam family Psittacidae; Ara sp. arasi (gom), kararawasi (EM72, blue), arasi (EM72, red) aɾasi (gom), kaɾaɾawasi (EM72, blue), aɾasi (EM72, red) loan into protolanguage - WW %arara Panare ara; also Arawak, e.g. Mandawaka adáːlu; see also Ninam kararawasi (EM72, blue), arasi (EM72, red) WW %ara uncoded See Language page 1 1 0 0 1 Widespread Amazonia no
Nukak family Psittacidae; Ara sp. jauʔ3 inheritance uncoded See Language page 1 1 0 0 1 Widespread Amazonia no
Maihiki family Psittacidae; Ara sp. bã bã inheritance Proto-Tukanoan Guahiban Proto-Guahiban; e.g. Macaguan máha uncoded See Language page 1 1 0 0 1 Widespread Amazonia no
Pemon family Psittacidae; Ara sp. wayara (E1980) waʎara (E1980) doubtful loan into protolg - WW Akawaio, Pemon %arara WW %ara See Language page 1 1 0 0 1 Widespread Amazonia no
Resígaro family Psittacidae; Ara sp. anáadó anáadó (H&R) doubtful loan into protolg - WW Proto-Arawak (North and South) %arara Wanderwort: see Cocama arara, Wanano daharo, Carib forms, Spanish ara, Portuguese arara WW %ara uncoded See Language page 1 1 0 0 1 Widespread Amazonia no
Sanumá family Psittacidae; Ara sp. ala (EM72, red), kulikatsa (EM72, blue) ala (EM72, red), kulikatsa (EM72, blue) loan into protolanguage - WW %arara Panare ara; see also Arawak, e.g. Mandawaka adáːlu. Also kulikatsa (blue macaw) WW %ara uncoded See Language page 1 1 0 0 1 Widespread Amazonia no
Sikuani family Psittacidae; Ara sp. maja (2) máːha loan into protolanguage Tukanoan? e.g. Tukano maha uncoded See Language page 1 1 0 0 1 Widespread Amazonia no
Tariana family Psittacidae; Ara sp. ãdaɾu; ʔáadaru, ʔándaru (H&R92) ádaɾu doubtful loan into protolg - WW Proto-Arawak (North and South) %arara Wanderwort: see Cocama arara, Wanano daharo, Carib forms, Spanish ara, Portuguese arara WW %ara uncoded See Language page 1 1 0 0 1 Widespread Amazonia no
Tukano family Psittacidae; Ara sp. mahâ mahâ, bãhã́ inheritance Proto-Tukanoan Guahiban Proto-Guahiban; e.g. Macaguan máha uncoded See Language page 1 1 0 0 1 Widespread Amazonia no
Kotiria family Psittacidae; Ara sp. maja (red), daharo (little) (all Waltz) maha (red), dahaɾo (little) (all Waltz), bã'hã (H&R) inheritance Proto-Tukanoan Guahiban Proto-Guahiban; e.g. Macaguan máha. daharo (small macaw) uncoded See Language page 1 1 0 0 1 Widespread Amazonia no
Wapishana family Psittacidae; Ara sp. kaʐaɽa kaʐaɽa doubtful loan into protolg - WW %arara WW %ara See Language page 1 1 0 0 1 Widespread Amazonia no
Yanomam family Psittacidae; Ara sp. ara (EM72, red), kurikaya (EM72, blue) ara (EM72, red), kurikaja (EM72, blue) loan into protolanguage - WW %arara Panare ara; also Arawak, e.g. Mandawaka adáːlu; see also Yan kurikaya (blue macaw) WW %ara Narrower uncoded See Language page 1 1 0 0 1 Widespread Amazonia no
Yanomami family Psittacidae; Ara sp. ara, ara, ashiashirimɨ, kurikaya (EM72, blue), ara (EM72, red) aɾa (general term "macaw"), aɾa aʃiaʃiɾimɨ(Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus, ashiashiɾimi = yellow), kuɾikaja, aɾa loan into protolanguage - WW %arara Panare ara; see also Arawak, e.g. Mandawaka adáːlu. Means generic macaw; see also aɾa aʃiaʃiɾimɨ(Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus, ashiashiɾimi = yellow), kuɾikaja, aɾa WW %ara underived See Language page 1 1 0 0 1 Widespread Amazonia no
Yukuna family Psittacidae; Ara sp. la'arú laʔaɾú doubtful loan into protolg - WW Proto-Arawak (North and South) %arara Wanderwort: see Cocama arara, Wanano daharo, Carib forms, Spanish ara, Portuguese arara WW %ara uncoded See Language page 1 1 0 0 1 Widespread Amazonia no
Achagua family Psittacidae; Ara sp. éeta (H&R espec.: large red and yellow parrot) inheritance See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Piapoco family Psittacidae; Ara sp. atàlu, éda (H&R, two species) See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Kabiyari family Psittacidae; Ara sp. narú naɾú See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Mandawaka family Psittacidae; Ara sp. adáːlu adáːlu See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Paresi family Psittacidae; Ara sp. 'kalo 'arara vermelha' 'kalu 'arara vermelha' unique See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Bora family Psittacidae; Ara sp. ɨ́ɨ́βaá, ínyaʔa ɨ́ɨ́βaá, ínjaʔa inheritance See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Muinane family Psittacidae; Ara sp. xéeβa, ínóʔai, ééréda xéeβa, ínóʔai, ééréda See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Apalai family Psittacidae; Ara sp. arara (arara azul) arara (arara azul) doubtful loan into protolg - WW %arara See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Wayana family Psittacidae; Ara sp. alala alala doubtful loan into protolg - WW %arara See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Tiriyó family Psittacidae; Ara sp. perei (a species of macaw) perei unknown See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Makiritare family Psittacidae; Ara sp. kadu:wai kadu:wai unknown possible %ara form? See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Mapoyo family Psittacidae; Ara sp. oroma, reewa oroma, reewa See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Wai Wai family Psittacidae; Ara sp. xaafi (SM) xaafi (SM) unique See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Waimiri Atroari family Psittacidae; Ara sp. maba maba See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Yukpa family Psittacidae; Ara sp. sareya (SM) sareya (SM), saréja (H&R) See Language page Widespread Amazonia Phon only in source
Kalapalo family Psittacidae; Ara sp. tafitse tafitse unique See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Northern Emberá family Psittacidae; Ara sp. bhagará bhagará; pagaɾá (H&R) See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Cuiva family Psittacidae; Ara sp. máha See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Playero family Psittacidae; Ara sp. máha See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Cofán family Psittacidae; Ara sp. oma'ndo omaʔndo See Language page Widespread Amazonia phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS
Candoshi-Shapra family Psittacidae; Ara sp. karago (yellow one), sánima (red one) kaɾanko, sánima unique See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Taushiro family Psittacidae; Ara sp. eivi ɨiwi See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Páez family Psittacidae; Ara sp. pe pe, welj wala ('large parrot', H&R) See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Tikuna family Psittacidae; Ara sp. tchiára (blue), engó-ue (red) (Alv44) tʃiára (blue), eŋóʔue (red) doubtful loan - WW %arara See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Andoke family Psittacidae; Ara sp. ádu, pa'do, e'ma (green) ádu, paʔdo, eʔma (green) doubtful loan -WW %arara See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Ashuar family Psittacidae; Ara sp. kawáu (yellow macaw), yampúna (red macaw), kawau, jampuna See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Huambisa family Psittacidae; Ara sp. yampuna, chaak, yusa jampuna, tʃa:k, jusa See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Aguaruna family Psittacidae; Ara sp. yúsa, shaámak júsa, ʃa:mak inheritance See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Nadëb/Roçado dialect family Psittacidae; Ara sp. kawed (arara-vermelha) unique See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect family Psittacidae; Ara sp. kawed (arara-vermelha See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Matses family Psittacidae; Ara sp. cana kana inheritance See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Yagua family Psittacidae; Ara sp. cayatu kajãtu unique See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Southern Pastaza Quechua family Psittacidae; Ara sp. wacamaya (Sp. loan? orig. from Taino, Arawak?) wakamaja See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Ingá family Psittacidae; Ara sp. wakamáju (H&R) See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Napo Lowland Quichua family Psittacidae; Ara sp. ahuitia awitia See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Quechua Ayacuchano family Psittacidae; Ara sp. weqru weqɾu See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Piaroa family Psittacidae; Ara sp. ha'wóh (K76) haʔwóh unknown See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Sáliva family Psittacidae; Ara sp. wacamai wakamai loan - WW %wakamaja, maybe from Span? See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Bará family Psittacidae; Ara sp. 'bãã See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Barasano family Psittacidae; Ara sp. bãhã́ bãhã́ See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Carapana family Psittacidae; Ara sp. 'bãã 'bãã See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Makuna family Psittacidae; Ara sp. maja maxa, bãhã inheritance See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Yuruti family Psittacidae; Ara sp. bã'ã́ bã'ã́ See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Waikhana family Psittacidae; Ara sp. bã'hã bã'hã See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Siriano family Psittacidae; Ara sp. bã'hã́ bã'hã́ See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Tanimuca family Psittacidae; Ara sp. maa maa inheritance See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Tatuyo family Psittacidae; Ara sp. ʻbãã ʻbãã See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Tuyuka family Psittacidae; Ara sp. bã'ã́ bã'ã́ See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Waimaja family Psittacidae; Ara sp. má má See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Koreguaje family Psittacidae; Ara sp. maa maa inheritance See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Siona family Psittacidae; Ara sp. ma së'nje ma sɨʔnhe inheritance See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Secoya family Psittacidae; Ara sp. ʻtoa-'mã See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Karitiana family Psittacidae; Ara sp. pat pat unknown See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Kokama family Psittacidae; Ara sp. arara aɾaɾa loan into protolg? - WW %arara See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Wayampi family Psittacidae; Ara sp. alala (G89) alala (G89) loan into protolg? - WW %arara See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Ocaina family Psittacidae; Ara sp. faaro ɸaaro unknown cf. %arara See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Nɨpode Witoto family Psittacidae; Ara sp. áβa áβa See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Minica Witoto family Psittacidae; Ara sp. éɸa έɸa See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Murui Witoto family Psittacidae; Ara sp. eɸa eɸa doubtful loan into protolg - WW? %arara See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Iquito family Psittacidae; Ara sp. anápa (Ara ararauna and Ara chloroptera); íyɨɨja (Diopsittaca nobilis); nɨsicásaaja (Ara severa y Ara manilata, MC: Lit: 'come-aguaje') anápa (Ara ararauna and Ara chloroptera); íjɨɨha (Diopsittaca nobilis); nɨsikásaaha (Ara severa j Ara manilata, MC: Lit: 'come-aguahe') loan - WW %arara See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Záparo family Psittacidae; Ara sp. suraka suraka See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Wari family Psittacidae; Ara sp. taramin (Sousa 2009) taramin (Sousa 2009) See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Kwazá family Psittacidae; Ara sp. awy awy See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Kaingang family Psittacidae; Ara sp. kã´èg kãʔɛg See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Djeoromitxi family Psittacidae; Ara sp. pire pire See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Kanamarí family Psittacidae; Ara sp. kawam kawam arara (ave) Magalhães 2018:357
Lokono family Psittacidae; Ara sp. karará karara blue and yellow macaw Fanshawe 1949:65 Widespread Amazonia no
Kariña family Psittacidae; Ara sp. akaja akaja macaw Courtz 2007:216 Widespread Amazonia no