Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

California condor

Semantic Field
flora-fauna
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
Meaning Portuguese

Languages

Language Linnean Name Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Etymology Notes Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Range of Term Word Structure Word Structure Notes Classifier Classifier Notes Hypernym Source Association with Social Categories Ritual/Mythologically Significant Ritual Notes Food Source Food Notes Medicinal Medicinal Notes How Collected Who Collects How Prepared Psychotropic Psychotropic Notes Traded Trade Notes Distribution Habitat Dangerous Ethnobiology Notes Species Notes General Notes
Bankalachi Toloim Gymnogyps californianus weets' California Condor (Gymnogyps californianus) loan Yokuts Proto-NimYokuts *wiCH' (Golla 1964:61; CH is retro) WW %wit unknown C. H. Merriam 72-77, 60-453 1 2 0 0 1 no
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone Gymnogyps californianus missing inheritance missing 1 2 0 0 1 no
Cahuilla Gymnogyps californianus yúŋaviwet ˈjuŋaviwet eagle with white circular stripes on the wings inheritance *juŋa:pi- Takic S336 (Stubbs 2009:87). This is probably juŋ -a-pi where *a is the ablaut vowel induced by -pi. But I don't know what *juŋ- means! Elliott 1999 has junga “archaic word for “to dance”) same derived ˈjuŋavi-wet “vulture-augmentative” -7aʃ “pet” Possessive classifier -7aʃ wikikmal (?) Seiler&Hioki 1979:256 Condor is a Coyote Moiety animal (Strong 1929:109) 1 Merriam says “this and eagle buried with people” at 60-163 2 If they were buried, seems unlikely they were eaten. Bean 1972:60 says ceremonially important birds were not eaten. no info hunted Men no info 0 1 U. S. Southwest Rocky scrubland, woodland (they like cliffs) no
Central Sierra Miwok Gymnogyps californianus mól:oku- condor inheritance Miwokan This form is also Proto-Wintun; Whistler (1977) thought it was of Miwokan origin. Word is in Mip and Misn, etc. WW %moloko underived Freeland & Broadbent 1960 1 2 0 0 1 no
Chemehuevi Gymnogyps californianus pah-wāk we-koo'-puts pawíkU JPH California condor (Gymnogyps) inheritance Southern Numic only also in Kawaiisu same phrase pa-'wikU big-buzzard Merriam 59:525 1 2 0 0 1 no
Chumash Barbareno Gymnogyps californianus wit Condor loan Yokuts WW %wit underived Beeler 1978:188 1 2 0 0 1 no
Chumash Ineseno Gymnogyps californianus miyiʔ, almiyi7 (211) Condor (Merriam confirms, gets with al- 55:7) unique other complex 7al- Applegate 18, 211 1 2 0 0 1 no
Chumash Obispeno Gymnogyps californianus missing missing missing 1 2 0 0 1 no
Chumash Ventureno Gymnogyps californianus on-hawk (1905; hujawüt JPH “huitre”, big bird, red head” Chumash B. wit from Yokuts; Beeler 1978:188; V , also turkey buzzard) Condor, turkey buzzard inheritance Central Chumash only same as Ineseno 7onoq(') “turkey vulture” underived Merriam 55:41; JPH III:69:0080 1 2 0 0 1 no
Cocopa Gymnogyps californianus missing missing missing 1 2 0 0 1 no
Comanche Gymnogyps californianus missing missing missing 1 2 0 0 1 no
Cupeño Gymnogyps californianus yungaviwet juˈŋaviwət condor inheritance *juŋa:pi- Takic S336 (Stubbs 2009:87). This is probably juŋ -a-pi where *a is the ablaut vowel induced by -pi. But I don't know what *juŋ- means! Elliott 1999 has junga “archaic word for “to dance”) same derived juˈŋavi-wə-t vulture-augmentative-npn -ʔaʃ "pet" possessive classifier for animals not a mukikmal as far as I know Hill & Nolasquez 1973:180 no info 1 substituted for eagle in eagle ceremony in Lu (not confirmed for Cu) 2 see eagle no info hunted men for feathers only 0 1 feathered headdresses, skirts, and wands were traded U.S. Southwest rocky scrubland, woodland (they like cliffs) no
Esselen Gymnogyps californianus missing missing missing 1 2 0 0 1 no
Gabrielino Gymnogyps californianus we'-soo-yŭ-roo-it ˈwiʔsoʔ joˈrojt California Condor loan Yokuts Yokuts *wit$' “condor” (Golla 1964:61; his symbol is glottalized and sub-dotted č); but note Hopi wisoko and widespread wi- forms in UA, perhaps from an even older loan; see discussion at Hill/Miller *wi-08 WW %wit same phrase ˈwiʔsoʔ joˈrojt vulture-big -ʔaʧ “pet possessive classifier for animals http://www.archive.org/stream/bancroft_chartmerriam_1556_60#page/n415/mode/2up; p. 421 no info 1 could substitute for eagle in ceremony 2 McC does not mention but is Chingichngish animal no info hunted men chicks raised like eaglets? Not discussed. 0 1 feathers used in regalia, traded U.S. Southwest Rocky scrubland, woodland (they like cliffs no
Iipay 'Aa Gymnogyps californianus iCH-pah mat-tow'-wah California Condor unique same phrase eagle [earth-fire]? Merriam 55:205 1 2 0 0 1 no
Kawaiisu Gymnogyps californianus boi-e'-ko; poi'-e-ko (K) pa-wiku condor inheritance Southern Numic see Chemehuevi pawikU “big vulture” same underived Merriam 59:367 1 2 0 0 1 no
Kiliwa Gymnogyps californianus missing missing missing 1 2 0 0 1 no
Kitanemuk Gymnogyps californianus pah'-we-roo-kut 60-7 ˈpawirukuht California condor (this is “vulture” in Anderton and Harrington) inheritance *wiLhukuN Uto-Aztecan Stubbs 335, one of the better fits in that problematic group. same derived ˈpa-wirukuh-t big-vulture-npn -ʔacit "pet" possessive classifier for animals http://www.archive.org/stream/bancroft_chartmerriam_1556_60#page/n1/mode/2up, p. 7 no info 1 can substitute for eagle in eagle ceremony 2 unlikely was eaten no info hunted men probably just for feathers 0 1 probably feather regalia traded U. S. Southwest Rocky scrubland, woodland (they like cliffs no
Lake Miwok Gymnogyps californianus mol'-luk California condor loan Miwokan Hill Patwin This form is also Proto-Wintun; Whistler (1977) thought it was of Miwokan origin. Word is in Mip and Misn, etc. but Callaghan thought this was Patwin word WW %moloko underived Merriam 57:517 1 2 0 0 1 no
Luiseño Gymnogyps californianus yungáavaywut juʹŋa:vajwut condor inheritance *juŋa:pi- Takic S336 (Stubbs 2009:87). This is probably juŋ -a-pi where *a is the ablaut vowel induced by -pi. But I don't know what *juŋ- means! Elliott 1999 has junga “archaic word for “to dance”) same derived juʹŋa:vaj-wu-t vulture-augmentative-non.possessed.noun (why junga:vaj, not jungavi???) -ʔaʃ "pet" possessive classifier; NPN form of noun is ʔaʃla uncertain if is 7ehéngmal Elliott 1999:1151 no info 1 feathers can be used in skirts for dance; could be used instead of Eagle in Eagle Ceremony (Sparkman 1908:227) 2 almost certainly with eagles as proscribed, since could be killed in Eagle Ceremony no info hunted men fledglings raised to maturity, killed in ceremony, fathers kept for dance skirts 0 1 dance regalia often bought and sold U.S. Southwest Rocky scrubland, woodland (they like cliffs) no
Maidu Gymnogyps californianus mol-lo'-ko California condor loan Miwok This form is also Proto-Wintun; Whistler (1977) thought it was of Miwokan origin. Word is in Mil and Mip, Misn, etc. WW %moloko underived 1 2 0 0 1 no
Mojave Gymnogyps californianus missing missing missing 1 2 0 0 1 no
Mutsun Gymnogyps californianus wasaka California condor (given as “eagle” by Mason) inheritance Southern Costanoan; Rumsen wah'-sak Merriam 55:439 reduplicated final -a would be reduplication, on model of “mountain lion” Merriam 55:407 1 2 0 0 1 no
Nisenan Gymnogyps californianus ko:k', mol'-lok (CHM) condor, vulture; Merriam has mol'-lok 57:233 loan Miwok underived Uldall & Shipley 1966 1 2 0 0 1 no
Northern Paiute Gymnogyps californianus missing missing missing 1 2 0 0 1 no
Northern Sierra Miwok Gymnogyps californianus mol:ok-u- eagle (this is obviously the “condor” word JHH) inheritance Miwokan This form is also Proto-Wintun; Whistler (1977) thought it was of Miwokan origin. Word is in Mil and Mip, Misn, and in Maidu WW %moloko underived Callaghan 1987 1 2 0 0 1 no
Plains Miwok Gymnogyps californianus mol:uk California condor inheritance Miwokan This form is also Proto-Wintun; Whistler (1977) thought it was of Miwokan origin. Word is in Mil and Misn, etc. WW %moloko underived Callaghan 1984 (p. 306) 1 2 0 0 1 no
Salinan A Gymnogyps californianus teč great California vulture unique Salinan Note Pmie chy:$y- “buzzard” (JHH from Callaghan 2001:325 #111 underived Mason 1918:125; Turner 1980:86 1 2 0 0 1 no
Salinan M Gymnogyps californianus te'tc' great California vulture unique Salinan Note Pmie chy:$y- “buzzard” (JHH from Callaghan 2001:325 #111 underived Mason 1918:125 1 2 0 0 1 no
Seri (Comcaac) Gymnogyps californianus missing missing missing 1 2 0 0 1 no
Serrano Gymnogyps californianus pa: wirukt California condor inheritance *wiLhukuN Uto-Aztecan pa- is “big”; S335 (Stubbs 2008:86) phrase big buzzard Merriam 72:27 1 2 0 0 1 no
Southern Paiute Gymnogyps californianus pah-wung (A “very rarely seen” pa'wɨŋI California condor (Gymnogyps californianus) unique this is the Chemehuevi “bald eagle” word meaning “water eagle”, but here must be “big eagle”. Only in far west in CR dialect continuum same phrase big-eagle Merriam 59:461 1 2 0 0 1 no
Southern Sierra Miwok Gymnogyps californianus mol:ok- condor inheritance Miwokan This form is also Proto-Wintun; Whistler (1977) thought it was of Miwokan origin. Word is in Mil and Mip, Misn, etc. WW %moloko underived Broadbent 1964: 1 2 0 0 1 no
Southern Ute Gymnogyps californianus missing missing missing 1 2 0 0 1 no
Tübatulabal Gymnogyps californianus wits ˈwiʔiʦ California condor loan Yokuts Proto-NimYokuts *wichr' (retroflex, glottalized ch) (Golla 1964) WW %wit same underived Hill 2010:121 no info 1 2 no info no info no info no info 0 1 U. S. Southwest Rocky scrubland, woodland (they like cliffs no
Tümpisa Shoshone Gymnogyps californianus pawihnumpi condor unique *nupi “buzzard” Stubbs 334 (2008:86); why doesn't stubbs link this?? This is fancy compound *pa-*wiho-*numpi same other complex pa-wih-num-pi big-buzzard-buzzard-CL -pi Dayley 1989:198 1 2 0 0 1 no
Wappo Gymnogyps californianus tsoots California condor unique Note Kashaya, Central Pomo forms from *kukHi “buzzard” where k, kH become ch?? underived Merriam 52:569 1 2 0 0 1 no
Washo Gymnogyps californianus missing missing missing 1 2 0 0 1 no
Western Mono Gymnogyps californianus nana'yutsi (California) condor unique May be from *nana “man, male” ? plus Yokuts wits (but note nana'yuki in Word structure notes) same derived Note nana'yukI “handsome young man around 25 years of age” (nana “man, male”, maybe Yokuts, maybe < naa- “to grow” ??) Bethel et al.:89 a totem animal Gayton 2:272 1 “First man”; Condors believed to carry away people when they were asleep, taking them up into the blue sky and turning them loose in skyland (Gifford 54) 2 no one ate Gayton 2:223 no info no info no info no info 0 1 no
Wintu Gymnogyps californianus wu:qwuq condor (Merriam yum-hahk 56:7; mol'-luk 56:39; ly'uk form 56:69) unique reduplicated Pitkin 1985 1 2 0 0 1 no
Yavapai Gymnogyps californianus missing missing missing 1 2 0 0 1 no
Yokuts Palewyami Gymnogyps californianus wèts condor inheritance *wi*č' (N-Y) Yokutsan Golla 1964:61 WW %wit same underived Kroeber 1961:202 1 2 0 0 1 no
Yokuts Yawdanchi Gymnogyps californianus witc condor inheritance *wi*č' (N-Y) Yokutsan Golla 1964:61 WW %wit same underived Kroeber 1961:202 1 2 0 0 1 no
Yokuts Yowlumne Gymnogyps californianus wiç' condor inheritance *wi*č' (N-Y) Yokutsan Golla 1964:61 WW %wit same underived Newman 1944:176 1 2 0 0 1 no
Yuki Gymnogyps californianus pahl' MWO California Condor inheritance *pal Yukian Schlichter 1985 underived Sawyer & Schlichter 1984 1 2 0 0 1 no
Yuma Gymnogyps californianus missing missing missing 1 2 0 0 1 no