Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

coyote

Semantic Field
flora-fauna
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
Meaning Portuguese

Languages

Language Linnean Name Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Etymology Notes Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Range of Term Word Structure Word Structure Notes Classifier Classifier Notes Hypernym Source Association with Social Categories Ritual/Mythologically Significant Ritual Notes Food Source Food Notes Medicinal Medicinal Notes How Collected Who Collects How Prepared Psychotropic Psychotropic Notes Traded Trade Notes Distribution Habitat Dangerous Ethnobiology Notes Species Notes General Notes
Bankalachi Toloim Canis latrans ki-he'-yu Coyote (ki'yu “male”) loan Yokuts Proto-NimYokuts *khay'iw (Golla 1964:61) WW %kaju same underived C. H. Merriam 72-77, 72-797, 60-449 1 2 0 0 0 no
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone Canis latrans ica-ppy, ica Coyote (Canis lestes or ochropus) inheritance *isa'a(N)pa Northern Uto-Aztecan Stubbs 552 (2008:112) with consonant gradation same underived Crapo 1976:121 1 2 0 0 0 no
Cahuilla Canis latrans ʔísilʸ ˈʔisiʎ coyote inheritance *ʔisa- Northern Uto-Aztecan S552 (Stubbs 2009:112) same other complex 7is(i)-ʎ simplex root-non.possessed.noun suffix. Has irregular plural 7is-ta-m. -'kiʎiw “partner” Possessive classifier -'kiʎiw “partner” (because is moiety animal) (Seiler 1977:306) Seiler&Hioki 1979:66 totem of Coyote Moiety 1 One of the original four animals, a great shaman, but created by Temayewet, not Mukat, so 7istam (Strong 1929:72). Skins used as ceremonial objects (Bean 1972:63) Coyote gave first Burning (Image festival) (Seiler 1970:58) 2 Only very old people would eat this animal (Strong 1929:77) no info hunted Men skins 0 0 North and Central America Diverse habitats no
Central Sierra Miwok Canis latrans 7ašé:li-; kátwa- coyote inheritance *7a$e:-li- Sierra Miwokan only “Pmis *7a$e:-li- “coyote” is probably a loanword from Pyn *ho:shu- < *hu:si- 'coyote' or some similar word” (Callaghan 2001:325) other complex -:li an unproductive suffix with animal names Freeland & Broadbent 1960 1 2 0 0 0 no
Chemehuevi Canis latrans sin-nav', se-nav' sənáɂavI JPH Coyote (Canis lestes or ochropus) inheritance *sɨnaɁa Proto-Numic Stubbs 554 (2008:113); I think Comanche may be a Ute loan so may just be Southern Numic same other complex *sɨnaɁa-vi coyote-ABS Merriam 59:521 1 2 0 0 0 no
Chumash Barbareno Canis latrans ʔaʃkaʔ coyote unique underived Ono 85, Beeler 1978:173 1 approaches house to warn of death 2 0 0 0 no
Chumash Ineseno Canis latrans xuxaw' coyote unique Obispeno 7alaxəwət; note %kaw 'fox' underived Applegate 19 1 approaches house to warn of death 2 0 0 0 no
Chumash Obispeno Canis latrans alaxəwət; Lnetya Coyote; el coyote unique JPH III:1 117 has Lnetya; could xuxaw be relate to first form? other complex 7al- JPH III: 91:0031; 0084; 1:117 1 2 0 0 0 no
Chumash Ventureno Canis latrans 7alaquweL coyote unique other complex 7al- agentive Merriam 58:35 ; JPH III:91:374 1 approaches house to warn of death 2 0 0 0 no
Cocopa Canis latrans ţxpa, xţpa coyote inheritance Delta-California contains metathesized *(č)-xat “dog”; note 'Iipay Aa hattepaa same underived -pa element separable diachronically Crawford 1989 1 2 0 0 0 no
Comanche Canis latrans tseena gray fox, coyote unique broader (more like “wild canid”) underived Robinson & Armagost 1990:161 1 2 0 0 0 no
Cupeño Canis latrans isily ˈʔisiʎ coyote inheritance *ʔisa- Northern Uto-Aztecan S552 (Stubbs 2009:112) same other complex ˈʔisi-ʎ coyote-npn (perhaps from a verb “to tell lies”, or perhaps that verb means “to coyote-ize”) -ʔaʃ "pet" possessive classifier for animals Hill & Nolasquez 1973:157 Totem of Coyote Moiety (the senior moiety) 1 2 “no taboo on eating flesh of moiety animal” (Strong 1929:235) no info hunted men no info 0 0 North and Central America diverse habitats no
Esselen Canis latrans mačka-s coyote unique Esselen compares Costanoan maya-n, mača-n; other complex -s classifier suffix -s Shaul 1988:696 1 2 0 0 0 no
Gabrielino Canis latrans 7i:tar ˈʔi:tar coyote unique same other complex ˈʔi:ta-r coyote-npn -ʔaʧ “pet possessive classifier for animals Harrington 041, 400 totem animal of Coyote Moiety (McC p. 113) 1 skin could be used for Chingichngich figure (McC:28) 2 young coyotes eaten (McC p. 116) no info hunted men mainly for hide 0 0 hides often trade North and Central America Diverse habitats no
Iipay 'Aa Canis latrans hattepaa coyote inheritance Delta-California Contains *(č)-xat “dog”; note Cocopa ţxpa same underived contains “dog” word etymologically Couro & Hutcheson 1973 1 2 0 0 0 no
Kawaiisu Canis latrans sɨnaɁa-vi coyote inheritance *sɨnaɁa Proto-Numic Stubbs 554 (2008:113); I think Comanche might be a Ute loan so may just be southern Numic same other complex sɨnaɁa-vi coyote-ABS -vi classifies for humans Zigmond et al. 1 2 0 0 0 no
Kiliwa Canis latrans mlti? coyote unique same underived Mixco 1985 1 2 0 0 0 no
Kitanemuk Canis latrans wahiʔ ˈwahiʔ coyote inheritance Serran Also in Serrano same underived perhaps sound imitative but not the usual *wo- -ʔacit "pet" possessive classifier for animals Anderton 1988:560 no info 1 always an important figure, but no info 2 often not eaten, but probably hunted for skin no info hunted men for skin 0 0 skins often traded North and Central America Diverse habitats no
Lake Miwok Canis latrans 7óle coyote inheritance Miwokan Pmi *7ole- (Callaghan 1971) underived Callaghan 1965 1 2 0 0 0 no
Luiseño Canis latrans 'anó' ɁaʹnoɁ coyote unique same underived note absence of non.possessed.noun suffix; might be a loan -ʔaʃ "pet" possessive classifier; NPN form of noun is ʔaʃla Elliott 1999: 120 7anoyum, a “party” (lineage complex, perhaps formerly a moiety) at Pauma (White 1963:153); see ground squirrel 1 The star Aldebaran, always stalking the Pleiades, who are pretty girls (E); ate Wuyot's heart (White 1963:141) 2 not eaten (Kroeber 1925:652) no info hunted men skin used for quiver (Harrington 1978:155) 0 0 North and Central America diverse habitats no
Maidu Canis latrans 7oléli coyote inheritance *7ole:(l) Maiduan Ultan 1964:368 #308; Miwokan *7ole- Callaghan 1971:1997:58; 2001:325 suggests “deep borrowing” -- why “deep” if exact match?? Why not recent? other complex -i is stem former Shipley 1963 1 2 0 0 0 no
Mojave Canis latrans hukthar coyote inheritance Proto-Yuman Note Yavapai kθár “dog”; also related to word for “left” (direction); Yuma xatalwe/ Halpern 1:27; in Maricopa the hatalywe is an animal “akin to coyote” in stories same underived a metathesis of kuuthar “left (direction)” Munro et al.1992 1 2 0 0 0 no
Mutsun Canis latrans wawisaes, wakisaes, maian wak-shyish (JPH) coyote unique maian is Costanoan; the wa ... word only in Mu in Kroeber other complex -ish must be suffix, but can't find in Okrand Mason 1916:427 1 2 0 0 0 no
Nisenan Canis latrans 7ole coyote inheritance *7ole:(l) Maiduan Ultan 1964:368 #308; Miwokan *7ole- Callaghan 1971:1997:58; 2001:325 suggests “deep borrowing” -- why “deep” if exact match?? Why not recent? underived Uldall & Shipley 1966 1 2 0 0 0 no
Northern Paiute Canis latrans etza'a Coyote (Canis lestes or ochropus) inheritance Western Numic only I think this is a consonant-gradation variant of the “wolf” form (Stubbs 552 (2008:112); it also occurs in W. Mono same underived Yerington Dictionary 1 2 0 0 0 no
Northern Sierra Miwok Canis latrans 7ole7cu- coyote inheritance *7ole- Miwokan Callaghan 1971, 1997:58 other complex -cu? -c-u? Callaghan 1987 1 2 0 0 0 no
Plains Miwok Canis latrans 7olet:i- coyote inheritance *7ole- Miwokan Callaghan 1971, 1997:58 underived -t:i- is suffix etymologically Callaghan 1984 1 2 0 0 0 no
Salinan A Canis latrans Lk'á coyote unique Salinan other complex L- is prefix (Turner 1987:118) Mason 1918:123; Turner 1980:71 1 2 0 0 0 no
Salinan M Canis latrans helk'á Coyote unique Salinan other complex hel- must be prefix Mason 1918:123 1 2 0 0 0 no
Seri (Comcaac) Canis latrans oot coyote unique same underived Comcaac Dictionary 364 1 2 0 0 0 no
Serrano Canis latrans wahi7 coyote unique Serran Also in Kitanemuk; Stubbs suggests related to Hopi waha “bark, v.”; maybe underived KCHill ms 2001:62 1 2 0 0 0 no
Southern Paiute Canis latrans cɨnangwavI Coyote (Canis latrans) unique derived from Stubbs 554 (2008:113); I think Comanche might be a Ute loan so may just be southern Numic same other complex cɨna-ngwa-vI is the ngwa the possessive element? Meaning someting like “owned by wolf???” has -vi ABS Sapir 1930:660 1 2 0 0 0 no
Southern Sierra Miwok Canis latrans 7ahe-:liH coyote inheritance *7a$e:-li- Sierra Miwokan only “Pmis *7a$e:-li- 'coyote' is probably a loanword from Pyn *ho:shu- < **hu:si- “coyote” or some similar word” (Callaghan 2001:325) other complex -:liH theme Broadbent 1964: Coyote Moiety 7ahle-j:a- 1 2 0 0 0 no
Southern Ute Canis latrans yogóvų-cI coyote unique Southern Paiute also has this form but it's not main word for Coyote same derived copulate-AGENT-ABS Givon 1979 1 2 0 0 0 no
Tübatulabal Canis latrans isht ˈʔiʃt coyote inheritance *ʔisa- Northern Uto-Aztecan S552 (Stubbs 2009:112) same other complex ˈʔiʃ-t coyote-npn Hill 2010:30 no info 1 figures in creation accounts 2 Voegelin 1938:12 no info hunted men eaten, and coyote pelts used for quivers, muffs to warm hands 0 0 North and Central America Diverse habitats no
Tümpisa Shoshone Canis latrans isa coyote, dog inheritance *isa'a(N)pa Proto-Northern Uto-Aztecan Stubbs 552 (2008:112) broader (can include dog) other complex isa-(ppü) ppü Dayley 1989:36 1 2 0 0 0 no
Wappo Canis latrans húT' coyote, crazy unique underived Sawyer 1965 1 2 0 0 0 no
Washo Canis latrans géwe Coyote unique underived Merriam 55:297; WPD 1 2 0 0 0 no
Western Mono Canis latrans isa', iza', Coyote inheritance *isa'a(N)pa Proto-Northern Uto-Aztecan Stubbs 552 (2008:112) same underived Bethel et al.:39 totem for clown lineage (Gayton 2:272), Pakwihu moiety (II) Gifford p. 37 1 Wolf's older brother in old days (Gayton 2:280); invented bedrock mortars (Gifford) 2 no info no info no info no info 0 0 no
Wintu Canis latrans sedet coyote, dog,fox inheritance *sede Wintun Pitkin 1985 says is possibly loan from Yurok; verb root means “promiscuous”. But Shepherd 2005 gives *sede, so loan is into Proto-Wintun if loan other complex Schlichter 1981 1 2 0 0 0 no
Yavapai Canis latrans kθàrɂhāna coyote unique Contains *(č)-xat “dog” unknown Shaterian 1983 1 2 0 0 0 no
Yokuts Palewyami Canis latrans kʰeyew' coyote inheritance *kʰay'iw Yokutsan Whistler & Golla 1986:354 WW %kaju same underived weirdly similar to English “coyote” (from Nahuatl) Gamble 1991 (from Harrington) 1 2 0 0 0 no
Yokuts Yawdanchi Canis latrans kaíu coyote inheritance *kʰay'iw Yokutsan Whistler & Golla 1986:354; could this be related to the haju “dog” words in Clear Lake area? WW %kaju same underived Kroeber 1961:199 1 2 0 0 0 no
Yokuts Yowlumne Canis latrans kay'iw coyote inheritance *kʰay'iw Yokutsan Whistler & Golla 1986:354 WW %kaju same underived Newman 1944:125 1 2 0 0 0 no
Yuki Canis latrans hulk'o7e Coyote inheritance *hulk'oy' Yukian Schlichter 1985 compound eye-put.out in ref to a myth of Raven & Coyote S&S 1984:54 (hul- “eye”) Sawyer & Schlichter 1984 1 2 0 0 0 no
Yuma Canis latrans xatalwe/ Coyote (Canis lestes or ochropus) inheritance Colorado River Yuman only derivation on “wolf”; Maricopa hatalywe unknown Merriam 61:449, Halpern 1:27 1 2 0 0 0 no