| Bankalachi Toloim |
Odocoileus hemionus |
hol' |
|
Deer, mule (Odocoileius hemionus |
loan |
|
|
Yokuts |
Proto-NimYokuts *xoy (Golla 1964:61) |
|
|
same |
underived |
|
|
|
|
C. H. Merriam 72-77, 60-451 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Big Smokey Valley Shoshone |
Odocoileus hemionus |
tyhyjya |
|
deer (M: mule deer |
inheritance |
*tɨkɨya |
Numic |
|
Stubbs 625a (2008:121) |
|
|
same |
underived |
|
|
|
|
Crapo 1976:123 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Cahuilla |
Odocoileus hemionus |
súkat |
ˈsukat |
deer |
inheritance |
*suCkaC- |
Uto-Aztecan |
|
S621 (Stubbs 2009:121) |
WW |
%sok |
narrower (refers only to mule deer; where found, white-tail has a different name) |
other complex |
suka-t (Seiler & Hioki segment as suk-at) |
-7aʃ "pet" |
animal is -7ash; the meat is with a meat classifier, usually -sex7a “cooked item” or -wa7 “roasted item” (Seiler 1977:304-5) |
suqtam “game” (literally, deer-plural) |
Seiler & Hioki 1979:188 |
no info |
2 |
deer hooves used in ceremonial costumes |
1 |
Deer taken to net's house and distributed. First kill of a young man was given to his mother's clan (Strong 1929:77) |
no info |
|
hunted |
Men |
roasted, stewed |
0 |
|
0 |
|
Western North America |
Diverse habitats |
no |
|
|
|
| Central Sierra Miwok |
Odocoileus hemionus |
7ywy/:ja- |
|
deer, deer meat |
inheritance |
*7ywy-ja- |
Eastern Miwokan |
|
Callaghan 1971 |
|
|
|
other complex |
-jaH |
|
|
|
Freeland & Broadbent 1960 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Chemehuevi |
Odocoileus hemionus |
təhíjA |
|
Mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) |
inheritance |
*tɨkɨya |
Proto-Numic |
|
Stubbs 625a (2008:121) |
|
|
same |
underived |
|
|
|
|
Merriam 59:523 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Chumash Barbareno |
Odocoileus hemionus |
wɨ |
|
deer |
unique |
|
Central Chumash only |
|
|
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Beeler 1978:188 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Chumash Ineseno |
Odocoileus hemionus |
wŭ |
|
Mule deer |
inheritance |
|
Central Chumash only |
|
|
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Merriam 55:5 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Chumash Obispeno |
Odocoileus hemionus |
c'qono |
|
venado |
loan |
|
|
Yokuts |
This looks like the Yokutsan form |
WW |
%sok |
|
other complex |
c'- |
|
|
|
Harrington III:1:0049 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Chumash Ventureno |
Odocoileus hemionus |
wɨ |
|
deer (Merriam confirms All deer, blacktail and mule) |
inheritance |
|
Central Chumash only |
|
Central Chumash |
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Mamet 2008:57; |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Cocopa |
Odocoileus hemionus |
kwak xntil |
|
mule deer |
inheritance |
|
Proto-Yuman |
|
Mojave ɂaqwaq, 'Iipay Aa 'ekwak, Yavapai (ɂ)kʷ/qʷá:qa; this is a loan blend with xntil from Spanish gentil “wild” |
|
|
same |
phrase |
deer wild |
|
|
|
Crawford 1989 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Comanche |
Odocoileus hemionus |
arɨka? |
|
deer |
inheritance |
*tɨkɨya |
Numic |
|
Stubbs 625a (2008:121); what is the a- increment? 3Pposs? and why no /ia/? Why k?? |
|
|
same |
underived |
|
|
|
|
Robinson & Armagost 1990:161 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Cupeño |
Odocoileus hemionus |
suqat |
ˈsuqat |
deer |
inheritance |
*suCkaC- |
Uto-Aztecan |
|
S621 (Stubbs 2009:121) |
WW |
%sok |
same |
other complex |
ˈsuqa-t deer-npn |
-ʔaʃ "pet" |
possessive classifier for animals |
|
Hill & Nolasquez 1973:172 |
no info |
2 |
mentioned in Mukat Death songs |
1 |
most important game animal |
no info |
|
hunted |
men |
hunter did not eat own game, taken to net's house and shared, diverse preparations |
0 |
|
0 |
|
western North America |
diverse habitats |
no |
|
|
|
| Esselen |
Odocoileus hemionus |
amisah (Henshaw) |
|
deer |
unique |
|
Esselen |
|
|
|
|
|
underived |
|
is sah the -$a classifier? |
|
|
Turner & Shaul 1981:120 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Gabrielino |
Odocoileus hemionus |
$uka:t |
şuˈka:t |
deer |
inheritance |
*suCkaC- |
Uto-Aztecan |
|
S621 (Stubbs 2009:121) |
WW |
%sok |
narrower (mule deer only) |
other complex |
şuˈka:-t mule.deer-npn |
-ʔaʧ "pet" |
possessive classifier for animals |
|
Harrington 42, 630 |
no info |
2 |
$u:$ar deer-hoof rattle; deer horns in Chingichngich figure |
1 |
McC p. 116 |
no info |
|
hunted |
men |
roasted |
0 |
|
0 |
hides often traded, hoof regalia traded |
Western North America |
Diverse habitats |
no |
|
|
|
| Iipay 'Aa |
Odocoileus hemionus |
ɂekwak |
|
deer |
inheritance |
|
Proto-Yuman |
|
Yavapai (ɂ)kʷ/qʷá:qa; M. ɂaqwaq |
|
|
same |
underived |
|
|
|
|
Couro & Hutcheson 1973 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Kawaiisu |
Odocoileus hemionus |
tɨhɨya |
|
deer |
inheritance |
*tɨkɨya |
Proto-Numic |
|
Stubbs 625a (2008:121) |
|
|
same |
underived |
|
|
|
|
Zigmond et al. |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Kiliwa |
Odocoileus hemionus |
xaq=pi-y-l=t-kw+yaq |
|
deer (modern way to say) |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
same |
relative clause |
xaq=pi-y-l=t-kw+yaq meat=wilderness-in=NMR-REL-lies “wilderness meat” (a marking reversal) |
|
|
|
Mixco 1985 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Kitanemuk |
Odocoileus hemionus |
hukaht |
ˈhukaht |
deer |
inheritance |
*suCkaC- |
Uto-Aztecan |
|
S621 (Stubbs 2009:121) |
WW |
%sok |
narrower (mule deer only, I assume) |
other complex |
ˈhukah-t deer-npn |
-ʔacit "pet" |
possessive classifier for animals |
|
Anderton 1988:319 |
no info |
2 |
|
1 |
|
no info |
|
hunted |
men |
roasted, boiled |
0 |
|
0 |
|
Western North America |
Diverse habitats |
no |
|
|
|
| Lake Miwok |
Odocoileus hemionus |
şúkki |
|
deer, meat |
loan |
|
|
unknown |
widespread form, may be from Yokuts "elk" word |
WW |
%sok |
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Callaghan 1965 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Luiseño |
Odocoileus hemionus |
$úukat |
ʹşu:kat |
deer |
inheritance |
*suCkaC- |
Uto-Aztecan |
|
S621 (Stubbs 2009:121) |
WW |
%sok |
narrower (refers only to mule deer; where found, white-tail has a different name) |
other complex |
ʹşu:ka-t mule.deer-non.possessed.noun |
|
|
tó'wiyam “wild animals, principally edible meat animals”; the sixth stage of Creation (Harrington 1978:116) |
Elliott 1999:885 |
Clan name at Potrero (Cuca Ranch) (Strong 1929:277) |
2 |
adornments of deer hooves worn at certain dances (Sparkman 1908:208) |
1 |
largest game animal (Sparkman 1908); hunter does not eat own kill; the not distributes (White 1963:150) |
no info |
|
hunted |
men |
broiled on hot coals, or roasted in earth oven; more rarely boiled. Roasted could be ground and saved. |
0 |
|
0 |
|
Western North America |
diverse habitats |
no |
|
|
|
| Maidu |
Odocoileus hemionus |
sy\mí |
|
deer |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
other complex |
-i is stem former |
|
|
|
Shipley 1963 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Mojave |
Odocoileus hemionus |
ɂaqwaq |
|
deer |
inheritance |
|
Proto-Yuman |
|
Cocopa kwak xntil; IA ɂekwak; Maricopa qwaaq |
|
|
same |
underived |
|
|
|
|
Munro et al.1992 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Mutsun |
Odocoileus hemionus |
to:Te |
|
deer, meat (Merriam has this word under “Blacktail deer”) |
inheritance |
|
Costanoan |
|
Kroeber 1910 has in Mont, Scr, SF |
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Okrand 1977:112 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Nisenan |
Odocoileus hemionus |
k'ut' |
|
deer |
inheritance |
*k'ut' |
Maiduan |
|
Ultan 1964: 364 # 146 |
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Uldall & Shipley 1966 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Northern Paiute |
Odocoileus hemionus |
tuhudda |
|
deer (M: Mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus group) |
inheritance |
*tɨkɨya |
Numic |
|
Stubbs 625a (2008:121); what is the -da stuff?? |
|
|
same |
underived |
|
|
|
|
Yerington Dictionary |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Northern Sierra Miwok |
Odocoileus hemionus |
7ywy:ja- |
|
deer |
inheritance |
*7ywy-ja- |
Eastern Miwokan |
|
Callaghan 1971 |
|
|
|
other complex |
-ja |
|
|
|
Callaghan 1987 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Plains Miwok |
Odocoileus hemionus |
7ywy:ja- |
|
deer |
inheritance |
*7ywy-ja- |
Eastern Miwokan |
|
Callaghan 1971 ; looks a bit like Chumashan *wy: |
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Callaghan 1984 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Salinan A |
Odocoileus hemionus |
Ta7á7 |
|
deer (Merriam 55:367 confirms mule deer) |
unique |
|
Salinan |
|
|
|
|
|
reduplicated |
|
|
|
|
Mason 1918:125; Turner 1980:72 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Salinan M |
Odocoileus hemionus |
Taá'p |
|
deer (Merriam 55:367 confirms mule deer) |
unique |
|
Salinan |
|
|
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Mason 1918:125 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Seri (Comcaac) |
Odocoileus hemionus |
hap |
|
mule deer |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
same |
underived |
|
|
|
|
Comcaac Dictionary 335 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Serrano |
Odocoileus hemionus |
hukaht |
|
deer |
inheritance |
*suCkaC- |
Uto-Aztecan |
|
S621 (Stubbs 2009:121) |
WW |
%sok |
|
other complex |
-t NPN |
|
|
|
KCHill ms 2001:15 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Southern Paiute |
Odocoileus hemionus |
tɨgia |
|
Mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) |
inheritance |
*tɨkɨya |
Proto-Numic |
|
Stubbs 625a (2008:121) |
|
|
same |
underived |
|
|
|
|
Sapir 1930:681 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Southern Sierra Miwok |
Odocoileus hemionus |
hikaHh-, 7ywy:-j-aH- (Yosemite) |
|
deer |
unique |
|
|
|
Callaghan 1971 has Yosemite form as cognate, note resemblance to Chumashan word |
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Broadbent 1964: |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Southern Ute |
Odocoileus hemionus |
tųíYĮ |
|
deer |
inheritance |
*tɨkɨya |
Numic |
|
Stubbs 625a (2008:121) |
|
|
same |
underived |
|
|
|
|
Givon 1979 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Tübatulabal |
Odocoileus hemionus |
tohhīl |
toˈhi:l |
deer, hunting |
loan |
|
|
Numic |
Proto-Numic *tɨhɨya |
|
|
same |
other complex |
toˈhi:-l deer-npn |
|
|
|
Hill 2010:88 |
no info |
2 |
Deer is a supernatural being, a yümükīwal, and must be treated with respect |
1 |
|
no info |
|
hunted |
men |
roasted, diverse uses for skin, horn, etc. |
0 |
|
0 |
|
Western North America |
Diverse habitats |
no |
|
|
|
| Tümpisa Shoshone |
Odocoileus hemionus |
tühüya(n) |
|
deer |
inheritance |
*tɨkɨya |
Proto-Numic |
|
Stubbs 625a (2008:121) |
|
|
same |
underived |
probably related to “hunt”, or perhaps vice versa |
|
|
|
Dayley 1989:315 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Wappo |
Odocoileus hemionus |
(hìntil') k'éšu |
|
deer (lit. “Indian meat”) |
unique |
|
|
|
gentil “gentile, non-missionized Indian” |
|
|
|
underived |
“There appears to be no single word for deer” (perhaps taboo?) (Sawyer 1965:28)see “other notes” |
|
|
|
Sawyer 1965 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Washo |
Odocoileus hemionus |
memdé:wi |
|
mule deer |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
underived |
must be etymologically complex |
|
|
|
Merriam 55:299; WPD |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Western Mono |
Odocoileus hemionus |
tɨhɨtA |
|
deer |
inheritance |
*tɨkɨya |
Proto-Numic |
|
Stubbs 625a (2008:121); S links to Southern *ciki “white-tail”; probably not. |
|
|
same |
underived |
|
|
|
|
Bethel et al.:217 |
no info |
2 |
Deer is a dream helper but not a totem animal (Gayton 2:282) |
1 |
|
no info |
|
hunted |
men |
no info |
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Wintu |
Odocoileus hemionus |
no:p |
|
deer, buck, venison |
inheritance |
*no:p |
Wintun |
|
Shepherd 2005 |
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Pitkin 1985 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Yavapai |
Odocoileus hemionus |
(ɂ)kʷ/qʷá:qa |
|
deer |
inheritance |
|
Proto-Yuman |
|
Iipay Aa 'ekwak, Mojave ɂaqwaq |
|
|
|
unknown |
|
|
|
|
Shaterian 1983 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Yokuts Palewyami |
Odocoileus hemionus |
şiţ'ihal |
cedillas are subdots in original |
deer |
unique |
|
|
|
unique in Kroeber |
|
|
same |
underived |
|
|
|
|
Gamble 1991 from Harrington |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Yokuts Yawdanchi |
Odocoileus hemionus |
xoi |
|
deer |
inheritance |
*xoy |
Nim-Yokuts |
|
Golla 1964:61 |
|
|
same |
underived |
|
|
|
|
Kroeber 1961:200 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Yokuts Yowlumne |
Odocoileus hemionus |
xoi, xoy, xo:y |
xO(:)y N 176 |
deer |
inheritance |
*xoy |
Nim-Yokuts |
|
Golla 1964:61 |
|
|
same |
underived |
|
|
|
|
Kroeber 1961:200 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Yuki |
Odocoileus hemionus |
mile, mili A |
|
deer (black-tail, O. columbianus) |
inheritance |
*mil |
Yukian |
|
Schlichter 1985; note that “Yukian” is also known as “North Yukian”, and Yuki-Wappo as “Yukian” in the literature |
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Sawyer & Schlichter 1984 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Yuma |
Odocoileus hemionus |
ah-kwah', kwak in combining form (also mule deer) |
|
Deer, blacktail (Odocoileus columbianus) |
inheritance |
|
Proto-Yuman |
|
Cocopa kwak xntil; IA ɂekwak; Maricopa qwaaq |
|
|
|
unknown |
|
|
|
|
Merriam 61:451 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
