Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

blow

Semantic Field
body
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
soplar
Meaning Portuguese
soprar

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes Source Created By General Notes
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone puhki”, puhkwi” (of breath) inheritance Jane Hill
Cahuilla pu'an-, -puwan- inheritance S&H 1979 Jane Hill
Central Sierra Miwok pushe:/l- inheritance Jane Hill
Chemehuevi pukwi/ inheritance Jane Hill
Chumash Barbareno aqty/p “build a fire; blow, fan” inheritance Klar 1977:70 Jane Hill
Chumash Cruzeno 7aqwuta inheritance Klar 1977:70 Jane Hill
Chumash Ineseno 7axti-pak inheritance Klar 1977:70 Jane Hill
Chumash Obispeno qitpu inheritance Klar 1977:70 Jane Hill
Chumash Ventureno 7aqtyw'yw inheritance Klar 1977:70 Jane Hill
Cocopa xpSu: (with the mouth) inheritance Jane Hill
Comanche puuhkity “blow to cure” inheritance Jane Hill
Cupeño puw-in [puwin] inheritance Jane Hill
Gabrielino pu:y; po:7ina- “sopla” inheritance Jane Hill
Iipay 'Aa hepesuuy [xəpəˈsuˑ˅i] inheritance Jane Hill
Kiliwa p-sul, p--suul ”soplar” inheritance Jane Hill
Kitanemuk puhea “blow on” (VT) inheritance Jane Hill
Lake Miwok p'u/cca-, pu/cca loan direction unknown Jane Hill
Luiseño puxi- inheritance Jane Hill
Maidu by/ inheritance Jane Hill
Mojave chavuthuy= (blow thru one's lips) inheritance Jane Hill
Mutsun pusrren “blows, in witchcraft” inheritance O77:65 Jane Hill
Nisenan by: inheritance Jane Hill
Northern Paiute puuhi7yu inheritance Stubbs 08 Jane Hill
Northern Sierra Miwok pu:ce- inheritance Jane Hill
Plains Miwok pu:ce- inheritance Jane Hill
Salinan A xot' (A) unknown Jane Hill
Salinan M xotk unknown Mason 1918:149 Jane Hill
Seri (Comcaac) quipxoj unknown Jane Hill
Serrano puih-kin “blow on w/ mouth” inheritance Jane Hill
Southern Sierra Miwok puhe:l- inheritance Jane Hill
Southern Ute pUkwi, pYkwi inheritance Jane Hill
Tübatulabal pushk-at (with breath) inheritance Jane Hill
Tümpisa Shoshone puuhi” inheritance Jane Hill
Wappo phu/y'i7 inheritance Jane Hill
Washo sEbE- unknown J267 Jane Hill
Western Mono puuhi- inheritance Jane Hill
Wintu phulye inheritance Jane Hill
Yavapai ha\vchu/:li inheritance Jane Hill
Yokuts Yowlumne *pHo:Su inheritance N1944:165, G1964 Jane Hill
Yuki puch- inheritance S&S1984 Jane Hill
Yuma caxavasuyk H5:92 “he blows” inheritance Jane Hill
Baniwa phia phia inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B.
Carijona ihukarɨ unique See Language page Melody Ann Ross, Zach Burnett, PLE
Cubeo japuyʉ xapujɨ unknown See Language page Kelsey Neely; Tanja Baeuerlein
Dâw rũút hũ̌t inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., Pattie Epps
Desano puri-ri puɾi-ɾi inheritance See Language page Ana Paula; Tanja Baeuerlein
Eñepa ɨpapeiʔma-; -apeʔma- (IDS) ɨpapeiʔma-; -apeʔma- (IDS) unique See Language page Melody Ann Ross
Hodï huiyu unique See Language page Paulina Franco, Bettie Gonzalez
Waorani wo õõ unique See Language page Paulina Franco, Bettie Gonzalez, PLE
Hup pohow’- pohow’- unique See Language page Pattie Epps
Kakua pôh unique compare Hup pohow' See Language page Katherine Bolaños
Makushi pumɨ (IDS) pumɨ (IDS) inheritance cognate Pemon See Language page Melody Ann Ross
Nheengatu peyu peju inheritance See Language page John Blaha, Lauren Franklin
Ninam hora (EM72) hoɾa inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Nukak hei2 unique See Language page Lauren Franklin
Maihiki jujuyi xuxuji inheritance See Language page Daniel Valle
Pemon puma, taremba, muima (A1981); ipuma (M2000) puma, taɾemba, muima (A1981) inheritance puma cognate Macushi See Language page Melody Ann Ross, Karina Baeza
Resígaro fóo-khú fóo-kʰú doubtful loan Witoto, but onomatopoeic See Language page Ana Paula B.
Sanumá hola (EM72) hola inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Sikuani uxúne, uxúba(pl) (bu:hú:-hai 'el viento sopla' - 'wind blows') unknown may be shared Sik-Cuiva-Playero See Language page Jonathan Quintanilla, Rebecca Khorram, PLE
Tariana buetá buetá unique See Language page Ana Paula B.
Tukano putí putí inheritance E Tuk See Language page Ana Paula, Amanda Novak
Kotiria phuti pʰuʰtí inheritance E Tuk See Language page D. Jagannathan, Tanja Bauerlein
Yanomam hora hoɾa inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Yanomami horashiaɨ, horashimaɨ hoɾaʃiaɨ, hoɾaʃimaɨ inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Yukuna apho'okaje apʰoʔokahe unique See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Yuhup pũhũt ~puhut inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., Pattie Epps
Arabana witjikura unique Claire Bowern
Bardi bo"" buu inheritance Claire Bowern
Bunuba bu- inheritance? Claire Bowern
Burarra bupija unknown Claire Bowern
Dhangu [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Dhuwal bopun Claire Bowern
Dhuwala boy' inheritance Claire Bowern
Diyari ngaka unique Claire Bowern
DiyariREU [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Djambarrpuyngu [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Djapu [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Djinang bilang'djigi unknown Claire Bowern
Gajirrabeng boomib inheritance Claire Bowern
Gooniyandi [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Gupapuyngu boy' inheritance Claire Bowern
Gurindji purriyip ma- inheritance Claire Bowern
Jabirr-Jabirr bo"" buu inheritance Claire Bowern
Jaru bu- inheritance Claire Bowern
Karajarri pu janpa (1) loan Claire Bowern
Kija pumu inheritance Claire Bowern
Malyangapa Mal: karlka- unique Claire Bowern
Mangala turrpanarri unknown Claire Bowern
Miriwung boomib inheritance Claire Bowern
Mithaka [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Mudburra bub ma-rru Claire Bowern
Mudburra puma- inheritance Claire Bowern
Ngamini walunkana unique Claire Bowern
Ngandi bu'-dhu inheritance Claire Bowern
Ngarluma buyungka-lku Claire Bowern
Nhirrpi [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Nimanburru bo"" buu inheritance Claire Bowern
Northern Mangarla purrpa Claire Bowern
Northern Nyangumarta puyu-pini- (V3) inheritance Claire Bowern
Nyangumarta puyu-pini- (V3) inheritance Claire Bowern
Nyikina -bilgi- XXngl impersonal -bilki- inheritance Claire Bowern
Nyulnyul bo"" buu inheritance Claire Bowern
Paakantyi waḏa- unique Claire Bowern
Pirriya [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Pitta-Pitta punka unique Claire Bowern
Rirratjingu [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Ritharrngu bo'yun inheritance Claire Bowern
Walmajarri puuma- inheritance Claire Bowern
Wangkayutyuru thatithada- unique Claire Bowern
Wubuy bu:la inheritance Claire Bowern
Yan-nhangu dhaŋurru-waṉpuma inheritance Claire Bowern
Yandruwandha  pulka inheritance Claire Bowern
Yarluyandi pulka- inheritance Claire Bowern
Yawarrawarrka naramunko unique Claire Bowern
Yawuru bo"" buu inheritance Claire Bowern
Achagua húhuneda húhuneda unique See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Piapoco ipùaca ipùaca See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Kabiyari (ha)kapuupua (ha)kapuupua See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Yavitero huweha-hi; huwita huweha-hi; huwita See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Wapishana pʰuutʰa-n pʰuutʰa-n unknown Onomatopoeic See Language page Ana Paula B.
Wayuu ohuha See Language page PLE See 04.510.
Yine haxpoka See Language page PLE To blow on is haxpota.
Paresi omoma omoma unknown See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Ignaciano -'ačahuka See Language page PLE Means to blow with the mouth. The wind blowing is 'tekatikawa.
Trinitario ewʔʸučo See Language page PLE 'To blow (the wind, or with the mouth)' -očuko. Also 'blow (wind)' -hooweko.
Baure 'haβi-ko-w 'haβi-ko-w unique See Language page Anissa Capuccino
Waurá ežeke; amusa (latter means to blow on fire) ežeke; amusa unknown See Language page Joyce McCormick
Cha'palaa 'hui-nu; 'hui-'pu-nu See Language page PLE The wind blowing is 'i'šuwa 'ke-nu. *South Barbacoan form is *furi-.
Bora ɨpátʰsïʔxákʰo ɨpátʰsɯʔxákʰo inheritance See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Muinane ébásu-ʔi (light fire); búúsu-ʔi (fan); gísɨ-ʔi) (blow gun); ɸúúnɨ-ʔi (mouth); gíbú-ʔi) (wind) έbásu-ʔi (light fire); búúsu-ʔi (fan); gísɨ-ʔi) (blow gun); ɸúúnɨ-ʔi (mouth); gíbú-ʔi) (wind) See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Akawaio eedarengba ('blow ritually') edarɛŋba unknown See Language page Melody Ann Ross, Lauren Franklin
Wayana hukma hukma unique See Language page PLE
Tiriyó etë (flute, tube) etǝ (flute, tube) unique See Language page Becky Walker
Makiritare yaičumā-dɨ (IDS) yaičumā-dɨ (IDS) inheritance See Language page Melody Ann Ross, Karina Baeza
Mapoyo #NAME? #NAME? See Language page Melody Ann Ross
Wai Wai Φuu kas-ko Φuu kas-ko unknown See Language page Melody Ann Ross
Yabarana iun'pakɜ, ehne ja'ta:maɾi See Language page Ana Paula B., John Blaha
Yukpa somma, iso´mapo, iso´mapok, tisoma See Language page Ana Paula B., Melody Ann Ross
Muisca obas bcusqua oβas βkuskua See Language page Daniel Valle
Barí buubãã See Language page PLE Colombia: ʔako'kaynə.
Northern Emberá hãrãmpuái hãrãmpuái See Language page Jonathan Quintanilla, PLE
Epena hãra-pʰua- See Language page PLE
Guayabero ϕɨ,ϕɨl ('fuertemente' - 'strongly') inheritance Probably cognate Macaguan ('breathe'). Onomatopoeic; looks vaguely similar to Arawak/Carib forms See Language page Ana Paula B., Rebecca Khorram
Macaguan papápeha ('soplar fogón' - 'blow on coals', pũpṹhẽ 'soplar para comer' - 'blow to eat') unique See Language page Ana Paula B., Rebecca Khorram
Cuiva opʰúba soplar, blow Huber & Reed 1992:365 Rebecca Khorram
Playero uϕude ('soplar la candela' - 'blow out a candle' - uϕubare 'sople'-'blow', ita-xúata 'ventear' - 'it's windy') See Language page Rebecca Khorram
Cofán ufaye ɯɸaijc See Language page Daniel Valle phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS
Candoshi-Shapra tapóossamaama (with the mouth) tapóossamaama unique See Language page Daniel Valle
Taushiro a'jone aʔxonɨ See Language page Daniel Valle
Páez pot pot See Language page Daniel Valle
Tikuna kwɛ kwɛ unique See Language page Daniel Valle, Zach Burnett, PLE
Urarina niatï niatʉ unique See Language page Daniel Valle, PLE
Camsa xangowána xangowána See Language page Daniel Valle, Anissa Capuchino
Andoke u u unique See Language page Kelsey Neely, PLE
Pumé pjurapá See Language page Paulina Franco, PLE
Puinave [-pɨk] pɨk unique See Language page Daniel Valle, Zach Burnett
Ashuar nasékatin (to blow the wind), umpúntin (blow a blowgun) nasɨkatin, umpuntin See Language page Daniel Valle
Huambisa umpuartasa umuartasa See Language page Daniel Valle
Aguaruna umpúut umpu:t inheritance See Language page Daniel Valle
Nadëb/Roçado dialect wɔh, hu:h, pahu: ɲ, pahu: j inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., Pattie Epps
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect pahu: j See Language page Ana Paula B., Pattie Epps
Matses bushca buʃka unknown See Language page Daniel Valle, Becky Walker
Kakataibo rɨɨka-ti See Language page PLE [v.a.]; rɨɨki-ti [v.n.]; ṣ̌u'ũka-ti.
Katukina šõa- See Language page PLE
Shipibo-Konibo ṣ̌oõ iti See Language page PLE 'To blow on the head' is maṣ̌õiti; the wind blows, payati.
Yaminahua ṣ̌õa-kĩ See Language page PLE
Chácobo ṣ̌ooʔa; ṣ̌oʔakana ṣ̌ooʔa; ṣ̌oʔakana inheritance See Language page Joyce McCormick
Yagua duye; duje (as in wind); duvuye (repeated) duje:; duxe; duvuje: unique See Language page Daniel Valle
Southern Pastaza Quechua pucuna pukuna See Language page Daniel Valle
Ingá pukui, abintai pukui, abintai See Language page Daniel Valle
Napo Lowland Quichua pucuna pukuna See Language page Daniel Valle
Quechua Ayacuchano pukuy pukuj See Language page Daniel Valle, PLE
Piaroa phuɨ'ɨh phuɨɁɨh unique See Language page Amanda Novak, Becky Walker
Sáliva juwahllajaha huwaʔʤahaʔa unique See Language page Becky Walker
Bará pu'tí, wĩ'ĩpũ, 'páapu See Language page Kelsey Neely, Tanja Baeuerlein
Barasano hutí-, wẽ́ã́-tu- hutí-, wẽ́ã́-tu- See Language page D. Jagannathan, Tanja Baeuerlein
Carapana 'púti-, pa'pú- 'púti-, pa'pú- See Language page Amanda Novak, Tanja Baeuerlein
Makuna juti-re xuti-ɾe inheritance See Language page Amanda Novak, D. Jagannathan, Tanja Bauerlein
Yuruti púti-, 'páapu- púti-, 'páapu- See Language page Ana Paula; Tanja Baeuerlein
Waikhana pu'ti-, wẽ- pu'ti-, wẽ- See Language page Ana Paula; Tanja Baeuerlein
Siriano pu'rí-, wẽhẽ-pu- pu'rí-, wẽhẽ-pu- See Language page Ana Paula, Kelsey Neely
Tanimuca pu'pu ri'ka (tobacco) pu'pu ri'ka (tobacco) inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Tatuyo púti- púti- See Language page Emily Buell, Paulina Franco
Tuyuka pútí pútí See Language page D. Jagannathan, Paulina Franco, Ana Paula B.
Waimaja báhɛ́ ~putʰí báhɛ́ ~putʰí See Language page Kelsey Neely
Koreguaje juhimʉ, sumʉ, jujumʉ xuhimʉ, sumʉ, xuxumʉ inheritance See Language page Daniel Valle
Siona tutuji, cuisaji tutuhi, kuisahi inheritance; unknown See Language page Kelsey Neely
Secoya së'coye sɨʔkɔjɛ See Language page Amanda N
Karitiana he he unknown See Language page Daniel Valle
Kokama tsapu tsapu unique See Language page Zach Burnett, Daniel Valle
Wayampi #NAME? #NAME? inheritance See Language page PLE
Aché peǰu inheritance See Language page PLE
Chiriguano peǰu inheritance See Language page PLE
Paraguayan Guaraní peǰu See Language page PLE
Sirionó i̯ču i̯ču unique See Language page Joyce McCormick, Becky Walker
Ocaina foofo; juuhxa ɸooɸo; hɯɯʔxa inheritance See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Nɨpode Witoto haiɲó-de, pú.uno.de haiɲó-dɛ, pú.uno.dɛ See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz
Minica Witoto haiñó-de, ɸú.uno.de haiɲó-dɛ, ɸú.uno.dɛ See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz
Murui Witoto ɸuri-de, hï.ï-de (witchcraft); ɸirai-de (etc), θaïrïri=de,betari-de ɸuri-dɛ, hɯ.ɯ-dɛ (witchcraft); ɸirai-dɛ (etc), θaɯrɯri=dɛ,bɛtari-dɛ inheritance See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Iquito nuuni, aquirajɨɨni (used for the wind) nuuni, akirahɨɨni (used for the wind) unknown See Language page Cynthia Hansen
Wari hu; hukoʔ hu; hukoʔ See Language page PLE To blow [the nose]' hi; 'to blow [the wind]' nuru; pahop, cf. 01.720.
Araona wo; lepe See Language page PLE The latter means to blow on the fire.
Ese Ejja sipo-; woha- unknown See Language page PLE
Ese Ejja/Huarayo sipo-heaa-kwe; wo-ha- (Girard 1971) sipo-heaa-kwe; wo-ha- See Language page Joyce McCormick
Tacana ho-; hoho- See Language page PLE Also -bia-ho-, to blow on someone.
Cavineña hoha-ya; ho-ha- (G71) hoha-ya; ho-ha- (G71) inheritance See Language page Joyce McCormick, Becky Walker
Central Aymara phust´aña, phusaña pʰusa-ɲa See Language page PLE
Cayuvava huruβu; βuru See Language page PLE
Itonama ɨ-pusne; časpusne See Language page PLE 'To blow the nose' is nu-pusne. To 'blow on the body' is suwapusne.
Kwazá ehu-, habja- ehu-, habja- See Language page Joyce McCormick
Mosetén-Chimané puh'ye See Language page Joyce McCormick, PLE
Movima ha-βuɬ-na ha-βuɬ-na See Language page Anissa Capuccino, Becky Walker
Trumai (ha) laf (ha) laf unique See Language page Rebekah L. Evans, PLE
Kaingang jãkà kãkan; yãkə; kãkə; Φu ke; hu he See Language page PLE
Canela pok See Language page PLE
Karajá ibunɨ See Language page PLE
Djeoromitxi heku heku See Language page PLE
Chipaya pʰuxš; tʰam See Language page PLE Respectively: people; the wind.
Mocoví peʔet See Language page PLE
Pilagá yi-petet See Language page PLE
Toba i-ketet-eek See Language page PLE Lit. '3p actor-blow-out'.
Lengua #NAME? See Language page PLE Also 'blow (the wind)' -ky-ithkčah-akme.
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité akwatipnapki; anwatipnapki See Language page PLE
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet neŋwatnapma; aɬkahayaamˀ See Language page PLE
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay yahʷit See Language page PLE
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja -wuyiwey ~ -yuyiwey See Language page PLE
Maca #NAME? See Language page PLE To blow the fire is -fuyu-xem.
Nivaclé fuyu blow https://ids.clld.org/ PLE
Ayoreo u'buču See Language page PLE See 09.791.
Mapudungun pimu See Language page PLE Same in Ranquel.
Qawasqar seḳwas See Language page PLE Also sekwayeks. Gui records sekwas; Bo records sekolayek for Central QWS.
Selknam xòx-ye; hayen See Language page PLE Respectively: cf. 'breath' 04.510; refers to 'wind'.
Tehuelche e'šāpˀ- See Language page PLE
Lokono fodyn ɸodɨn blow (with mouth or wind) Pet 1987:351 Camille Unger
Kariña eto eto blow Yamada 2010:734 Camille Unger