Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

dream

Semantic Field
mental
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
soñar
Meaning Portuguese
sonhar

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes General Notes Source
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone na-puisaih, na-pusaih inheritance
Cahuilla -tet'ayaw- inheritance S&H 1979
Central Sierra Miwok 7ukchu- inheritance
Chemehuevi nono/siga7i JPH inheritance
Chumash Barbareno 7atishwich inheritance Ono 1996:25
Chumash Ineseno aqsh'u-ni-wil-pi “to dream of” unknown A 324
Chumash Ventureno 7atyshwych unknown JPH
Cocopa shma:p, shcmas (dpl) inheritance
Comanche nabUsi7aipY, nabUsi7aitY inheritance
Cupeño tu'uyu-0 [tuɁuyu] unknown
Gabrielino ah-hoov/war-ra--ro-'t / ahu/vwarerot/ inheritance
Iipay 'Aa hemach [xəˈmaʧ] inheritance
Kawaiisu no-noshi- inheritance
Kiliwa t-7-smaa inheritance
Kitanemuk kwahkwachamuk; cf. kum inheritance
Lake Miwok 7u/kuc inheritance
Luiseño puti7- “dream of, dream about” inheritance
Maidu nedi/ inheritance
Mojave sumaa= loan
Mutsun 7istu-n- inheritance O77:214
Nisenan nedi: inheritance
Northern Paiute nossi inheritance Thornes 03:128
Northern Sierra Miwok 7ukcu- inheritance
Plains Miwok 7ek:uc inheritance
Salinan A *(p)itca:lta/naxo (S) “dream”; unknown Turner 1980:72
Salinan M missing missing
Seri (Comcaac) como/ozi unknown
Serrano kwahcymy7-q inheritance
Southern Paiute non:oc:i-S inheritance
Southern Sierra Miwok 7ukuHc-ngHe- inheritance
Southern Ute no”no”si inheritance
Tübatulabal untumuuka-t
Tümpisa Shoshone napusawih, nopusawih inheritance
Wappo hincho/hme7 “sleep-go” inheritance
Washo sush unknown K297
Western Mono nosidabi- inheritance
Wintu yecew inheritance
Yavapai tsma_:chi inheritance
Yokuts Palewyami an-nat/-wel-ti/ “a dream” loan into protolanguage CHM Berman 2002
Yokuts Yawdanchi angatc-wat < “sleep”?? loan into protolanguage K07:237
Yokuts Yowlumne anaTH-wal loan into protolanguage Golla 1964:61
Yuki 7inam- inheritance S&S1984
Yuma shama:/k “he dreams” H1:31; shatu:ma/cvek “they dream” H1:31 inheritance
Baniwa tápoɺi tápoɺi inheritance See Language page
Carijona esenetɨ (SM) inheritance See Language page
Cubeo ñáñʉ; to dream of: decoboayʉ, ñóvañʉ jã́jɨ; dekoboajɨ, jóvajɨ unique See Language page
Dâw xuúp [xuúp-nĩì ‘ter sonho] xǔp unique See Language page
Desano quẽ́-ri kẽ́-ɾi inheritance See Language page
Eñepa -učepətɨ-n (IDS) -utʃepətɨ-n (IDS) inheritance See Language page
Hodï abu'ẽ unique See Language page
Waorani wĩĩ-bõ unique See Language page
Hup cɔ̃hni- ~cɔhdi- inheritance See Language page
Kakua ʔǔʔ unknown See Language page
Makushi eʔmoronoʔpe (IDS) eʔmoronoʔpe (IDS) inheritance See Language page
Nheengatu kérpi keɾpi inheritance See Language page
Ninam mari (EM72) maɾi inheritance See Language page
Maihiki ua buo caiyi ua buo kãĩji inheritance See Language page
Pemon wenepueti, wenepue ena (A1981) wenepueti, wenepue ena (A1981) inheritance See Language page
Sanumá mani (EM72) mani inheritance See Language page
Sikuani kamajita (2), kamajitsinae (13) (to intentionally dream) unknown See Language page
Tariana tapú, tapulisá tapú, tapulisá inheritance See Language page
Kotiria ~kha'a kʰãʔã inheritance E Tuk See Language page
Yanomam mahari mahaɾi inheritance See Language page
Yanomami maharimou mahaɾimou inheritance See Language page
Yukuna tapú tapú inheritance See Language page
Arabana apalka loan direction unknown
Bardi buwarra buwarra inheritance
Bunuba yajili- inheritance
Burarra borrcheka unknown
Dhangu [missing] missing
Dhuwal bukaway
Dhuwala bukaway inheritance
Diyari ngapitya inheritance
DiyariREU ngapitji inheritance
Djambarrpuyngu bukaway
Djapu bukaway unknown
Djinang mabugi loan non-Pama-Nyungan
Gajirrabeng gooning inheritance
Gooniyandi gooni- loan
Gupapuyngu bukaway unknown
Gurindji kuni ma- loan Miriwung
Jabirr-Jabirr ma-bu""garen ma-buukarren doubtful loan into protolanguage
Jaru guni loan
Karajarri pukarri manpa (1) doubtful loan into protolanguage
Kija kuni inheritance
Malyangapa [missing] missing
Mangala pukarri-manarri (1)
Miriwung gooning inheritance
Mithaka [missing] missing
Mudburra kurni
Mudburra bankaja unique
Ngamini ngapitya inheritance
Ngandi X missing
Ngarluma pukarrija-lku
Ngumbarl boogarree <boogarree> loan into protolanguage Pama-Nyungan
Nhirrpi [missing] missing
Nimanburru ma-bu""garen ma-buukarren doubtful loan into protolanguage
Northern Mangarla [missing] missing
Northern Nyangumarta pitany yana- (V5) unknown
Nyangumarta pitany yana- (V5) inheritance
Nyikina ma-bu""garen ma-buukarren doubtful loan into protolanguage
Nyulnyul ma-bu""garen ma-buukarren doubtful loan into protolanguage
Paakantyi guṉa-
Pirriya [missing] missing
Pitta-Pitta [missing] missing
Rirratjingu [missing] missing
Ritharrngu bukaway inheritance
Walmajarri winkirrma- inheritance
Wangkayutyuru pukuna unique
Warrwa -warri- -warri- inheritance
Wubuy ambarj AnaWu unknown
Yan-nhangu bukaway'yun inheritance
Yandruwandha pukuru inheritance
Yarluyandi pukuru-ngana- inheritance
Yawarrawarrka dankura unknown
Yawuru ma-bu""garen ma-buukarren doubtful loan into protolanguage
Achagua dáhuneriu dáhuneriu inheritance See Language page
Piapoco núamacanica núamakanika See Language page
Kabiyari tápu-ri tápu-ri See Language page
Yavitero tahuni tahuni See Language page
Wapishana kʰa-ẓanˀdaʔautʰ-ĩĩa-n kʰa-ẓanˀdaʔautʰ-ĩĩa-n unknown See Language page
Wayuu ľapɨ See Language page
Yine hipnawata See Language page
Paresi kaijihini (v.); inijihini (n.) kaitʃihini (v.); initʃihini (n.) unknown See Language page
Ignaciano #NAME? Also ičapu; -hemereʔauki; tawaraʔa -'imaka. See Language page
Trinitario -wop'rereʔi See Language page
Waurá k-isẽpũ k-isẽpũ inheritance See Language page
Cha'palaa 'ki'pi-nu See Language page
Bora tuwa (T98) tʰukʷa inheritance See Language page
Muinane tɨ́gahi (v.) tɨ́gaʔi (v.) See Language page
Akawaio enekpöknö ɛ'nɛʔpöknö inheritance Akawaio-Pemon See Language page
Akawaio/Ingariko dialect ɛʔnepɯ:rɤ ɛʔnepɯ:rɤ See Language page
Apalai osenehnõko osenehnõko inheritance See Language page
Wayana ëhëtihe ǝhǝtihe inheritance See Language page
Tiriyó ëtamorehtë ǝtamorehtǝ inheritance See Language page
Makiritare wənētɨnə (IDS) wənētɨnə (IDS) inheritance See Language page
Mapoyo wëturi wɛturi See Language page
Wai Wai o-woso-to wenwo o-woso-to wenwo inheritance See Language page
Waimiri Atroari -inin- -inin- See Language page
Yukpa nosekatma, ojékatmapo, okáperta, okáperat, tükremá, vüsempe, yübosetpe See Language page
Kalapalo eni-; (n)Gitu- eni-; (n)Gitu- inheritance See Language page
Muisca muysua muɨsua See Language page
Barí borog'barina See Language page
Northern Emberá kãaímokarái kãaímokarái See Language page
Epena kʰãi-mokʰaraa- See Language page
Cofán jeñe hɛɲɛ phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS See Language page
Candoshi-Shapra pashábamaama; pamázómaama (~ of bad fortune) paʃámpamaama; pamáʂómaama unique See Language page
Páez xsau, iquixsau ʃau, ikiʃau See Language page
Tikuna ia-tá (Alv44) iaʔtá unique See Language page
Urarina kuseni kuseni unique See Language page
Andoke -kə̃́é (to dream) -kə̃́é (to dream) unique See Language page
Pumé kʰanẽ-hʊ See Language page
Puinave [-yək-ɨi dik] jək-ɨi dik unique See Language page
Ashuar karámratin karamratin See Language page
Huambisa karamratsa karamratsa See Language page
Aguaruna kajamát kaxamat inheritance See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect ʃǝ:h, ʃǝ̱:h, bɔ:n, bɔn unknown See Language page
Matses is is unknown See Language page
Kakataibo na'ma-ti kamɨ-ti, ka'mɨ-ti (dial.) 'to dream that others are dead'. *Panoan *nama-. See Language page
Katukina nama- See Language page
Shipibo-Konibo nama-ti; oṣ̌a See Language page
Yaminahua nama-kĩ See Language page
Chácobo nama- nama- inheritance See Language page
Yagua maryisa ma:rji:sa unique See Language page
Southern Pastaza Quechua muscuna muskuna See Language page
Ingá muskui muskui See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua nuspana nuspana See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano mosqoy mosqoj See Language page
Piaroa kohtɨ'kuéhɨh kohtɨɁkuéhɨh unknown See Language page
Sáliva sõdena ahajaha sõdena aʔahaʔa unknown See Language page
Carapana qũẽguerique kẽgweɾike See Language page
Makuna cãi-re kãi-ɾe inheritance See Language page
Tanimuca kãrũ'rũ 'rĩ ri'ka kãrũ'rũ 'rĩ ri'ka inheritance See Language page
Koreguaje ʉo kãni ñamʉ ʉo kãni ɲamʉ inheritance See Language page
Siona suñaji suɲahi loan Spanish See Language page
Karitiana kaaj kaaj unknown See Language page
Kokama ukɨrɨaytsi ukɨrɨajtsi inheritance See Language page
Wayampi #NAME? #NAME? inheritance See Language page
Aché ikẽ pou inheritance See Language page
Chiriguano -payu; -pau inheritance See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní 'kerasɨ; ke See Language page
Sirionó eke; ekerei̯kʷã ~ ekerai̯kʷã eke; ekerei̯kʷã ~ ekerai̯kʷã inheritance See Language page
Ocaina nohxáállo noʔxáádʒo inheritance See Language page
Murui Witoto nɨcaɨ́rite nɯkaɯ́ritɛ (B83) inheritance See Language page
Iquito maquɨɨni (same as sleep) makɨɨni (same as sleep) inheritance See Language page
Záparo mak+hawnu makɨhawnu See Language page
Wari tohein' (E&K97) toheinʔ (E&K97) See Language page
Araona tawi-ba Lit. 'sleep-see'. 04.610. See Language page
Ese Ejja xa-kawi-ɓaki-nahe inheritance See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo e-kawi e-kawi See Language page
Tacana tawi See Language page
Cavineña tawi-ho-ya; tawi-ho- (G71) (tawa means "sleep") tawi-ho-ya inheritance See Language page
Central Aymara samkaña iki See Language page
Cayuvava bete; beβeta See Language page
Itonama metˀaʔčaʔke See Language page
Kwazá wãwãwỹ- wãwãwỹ- See Language page
Mosetén-Chimané tami'ñi See Language page
Movima ɓeisi-kʷa ɓeisi-kʷa See Language page
Kaingang jãti, jãgti yãti; yãŋti; peti; piŋti See Language page
Canela -kʰrẽ; kʰuu; kukʰu-; pa- *Jê forms are *krẽ; *krẽr; and *ku; *kur. See Language page
Djeoromitxi nõtenõ nõtenõ See Language page
Chipaya wiy-a Cf. 'night' 14.420. See Language page
Mocoví re-ʔgemata See Language page
Pilagá di-čoʁon Lit. '3pa-dream'. See Language page
Toba de-čoʁon See Language page
Lengua #NAME? See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité akwanmonkoma Also alaɬkima; akwanmiskama. See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet seŋwanmeeskama See Language page
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay tahʷi'ɬan Verbal form. Noun is -hʷi'ɬek. See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja -fʷexlyen ~ -fʷixlyen See Language page
Maca -c̷owoɬʔaχ See Language page
Nivaclé -nxuxɔm dream https://ids.clld.org/
Ayoreo ĩĩ'karã See Language page
Mapudungun pewma Same in Ranquel. See Language page
Qawasqar aseḳsor See Language page
Selknam ṣ-kˀohr See Language page
Tehuelche k 'yōm- 'Soñar; ser tonto; bobo'. See Language page
Lokono tybontoan tɨbontoan dream Pet 1987:356
Kariña (w)onety (w)onetɨ dream Courtz 2007:429