Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

dust

Semantic Field
environment
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
polvo
Meaning Portuguese
poeira

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes Source Created By General Notes
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone hukkumpin inheritance Jane Hill
Cahuilla muli-sh unknown S&H 1979 Jane Hill
Central Sierra Miwok Tuk:e- inheritance Jane Hill
Chemehuevi hukum/p(y) inheritance Jane Hill
Chumash Barbareno oXtopol “be full of dust” unknown Mithun 1997:237 Jane Hill
Chumash Obispeno papisu7u “be dusty unknown JPH Jane Hill
Chumash Ventureno shupshu7up “tierra suelta, what blows in wind” inheritance JPH Jane Hill
Cocopa mi:pu/T inheritance Jane Hill
Comanche huhkupY, huukupY inheritance Jane Hill
Cupeño tew- [tɨw-] inheritance Jane Hill
Gabrielino ah-ko/-yah-kin unknown CHM/MC249 Jane Hill
Iipay 'Aa 'empill [Ɂəmˈpɪɫ] unknown Jane Hill
Kawaiisu huku-by inheritance Jane Hill
Kiliwa 7+mat=sa inheritance Mixco 1985 Jane Hill
Kitanemuk jyrumach loan Jane Hill
Lake Miwok wi/ilok inheritance Jane Hill
Luiseño to:wu-t inheritance Jane Hill
Maidu k'a/wdusi\ inheritance Jane Hill
Mojave 7amapoot inheritance Jane Hill
Mutsun muun unknown NW (JPH) Jane Hill
Nisenan p'u:min unknown Jane Hill
Northern Paiute [kuSSi “dust, dusty” inheritance Thornes 03:44 Jane Hill
Northern Sierra Miwok joli- inheritance Jane Hill
Plains Miwok sik:e- inheritance Jane Hill
Salinan A Tcayi/ya (A), Jane Hill
Salinan M tApaiyeH unknown Mason 1918:133 Jane Hill
Seri (Comcaac) hant-o/opxoz unknown Jane Hill
Serrano tiYva-T inheritance Jane Hill
Southern Paiute uq:umpu- Jane Hill
Southern Sierra Miwok ni:peti- unknown Jane Hill
Southern Ute kUkupY inheritance Jane Hill
Tübatulabal tyywyt inheritance Jane Hill
Tümpisa Shoshone hukkumpin, hukkumpy inheritance Jane Hill
Wappo puTh inheritance Jane Hill
Washo magálsaʔ unknown Washo Project Jane Hill
Western Mono kutusiby/ inheritance Jane Hill
Wintu baqca :dusty” Jane Hill
Yavapai ma\tha_:t nyu^:lk?i\?i\, ma\tmqwa_na _ is macron inheritance Jane Hill
Yuki po7oT'el inheritance S&S 1984 Jane Hill
Yuma 7ampo/T H1:30 inheritance Jane Hill
Baniwa dáaphe dáaphe unique See Language page Ana Paula B.
Carijona werenə unique See Language page Melody Ann Ross, Zach Burnett, PLE
Cubeo pena pena doubtful loan, direction unknown Sikuani - béne See Language page Kelsey Neely; Tanja Baeuerlein
Dâw bexu’, çax bæxuʔ, cax unique See Language page Ana Paula B., Pattie Epps
Desano gũruña gĩɾuja unique compare Yagua - "xiru" See Language page Ana Paula; Tanja Baeuerlein
Eñepa ano ičik (IDS) ano itʃik (IDS) loan, direction unknown Yanomam: Ninam iʃik See Language page Melody Ann Ross
Hodï lehte unique See Language page Paulina Franco, Bettie Gonzalez
Waorani gidĩ-bõ unique See Language page Paulina Franco, Bettie Gonzalez, PLE
Hup j'ɨ́k ɟ'ɨ́k inheritance See Language page Pattie Epps
Kakua uh inheritance See Language page Katherine Bolaños
Makushi kutuppan (IDS) kutuppan (IDS) inheritance N Amaz subgroup See Language page Melody Ann Ross
Nheengatu mukawa kuí mukawa kuí inheritance/sem shift? see 'flour' See Language page John Blaha, Lauren Franklin
Ninam ɨšik (EM72) ɨʃik loan, direction unknown Eñepa ano itʃik See Language page Kelsey Neely
Nukak ʔuh4 inheritance See Language page Lauren Franklin
Maihiki saɨ ja saɨ xa inheritance See Language page Daniel Valle
Pemon kutu, kutukutupan (A1981); kutu'pan (M2000) kutu, kutukutupan (A1981) inheritance N Amaz subgroup See Language page Melody Ann Ross, Karina Baeza
Sanumá tsalelo (EM72) tsalelo unique See Language page Kelsey Neely
Sikuani bene (2), beno (2) béne, béne, tsɨxɨ ('en el aire' - in the air) inheritance See Language page Jonathan Quintanilla, Rebecca Khorram, PLE
Tariana mhéni mhéni unique See Language page Ana Paula B.
Tukano diʔta poʔka diʔta poʔka missing See Language page Ana Paula, Amanda Novak
Kotiria dihta manari; dihta me; me (all Waltz) dihta manaɾi; dihta me; me (all Waltz) inheritance Branch 2, E Tuk See Language page D. Jagannathan, Tanja Bauerlein
Yanomam hĩ hĩ unique See Language page Kelsey Neely
Yanomami hekãhekã hekãhekã unique See Language page Kelsey Neely
Yukuna mu'upé muʔupé unique See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Yuhup c'ɨ̂k c'ɨ̂k inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., Pattie Epps
Arabana puthurru inheritance Claire Bowern
Bardi jurdun jurdun unique Claire Bowern
Bunuba thuninyi unknown Claire Bowern
Burarra [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Dhangu ḏuŋgul unknown Claire Bowern
Dhuwal ganu Claire Bowern
Dhuwala [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Diyari puturu loan Arabana Claire Bowern
DiyariREU kampakampata unique Claire Bowern
Djambarrpuyngu [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Djapu [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Djinang midjirri unknown Claire Bowern
Gajirrabeng joordoong loan NGY Claire Bowern
Gooniyandi joordoo loan Claire Bowern
Gupapuyngu [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Gurindji jurtu loan Claire Bowern
Jaru jurdu inheritance Claire Bowern
Karajarri kurnturr inheritance Claire Bowern
Kija jurtu-m loan NGY Claire Bowern
Malyangapa Mal: thukurru unique Claire Bowern
Mangala kunturr unknown Claire Bowern
Miriwung joordoong loan NGY Claire Bowern
Mithaka kunubutha inheritance Claire Bowern
Mudburra bunku Claire Bowern
Mudburra bunku unique Claire Bowern
Ngamini kunaputara inheritance Claire Bowern
Ngandi gu-dhul unique Claire Bowern
Ngarinyin ŋuřu ˈmɑɡɑlɑ ŋuřu ˈmɑɡɑlɑ loan Claire Bowern
Ngarluma gurndurr loan Claire Bowern
Ngumbarl joolbarra <joolbarra> inheritance Claire Bowern
Nhirrpi kaRi unique Claire Bowern
Northern Mangarla kunturr Claire Bowern
Northern Nyangumarta julparrajulparra doubtful loan Claire Bowern
Nyangumarta kurlurlu unknown Claire Bowern
Nyikina burdararra XXngl dust storm, cloud of dust burdararra XXngl dusd sdorm, cloud of dusd inheritance Claire Bowern
Nyulnyul barnd barnd inheritance Claire Bowern
Paakantyi [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Pirriya [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Pitta-Pitta thurrka inheritance Claire Bowern
Rirratjingu [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Ritharrngu burnulk loan Claire Bowern
Walmajarri jurtu unknown Claire Bowern
Wangkayutyuru mayimayi unique Claire Bowern
Warrwa duuwi duuwi inheritance Claire Bowern
Wubuy lhagaburnulk loan Claire Bowern
Wunambal judu (V) judu (V) loan Claire Bowern
Yan-nhangu ritji unknown Claire Bowern
Yandruwandha kunuputha inheritance Claire Bowern
Yarluyandi [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Yawarrawarrka pudlapudlari unique Claire Bowern
Yawuru dyulbala, dyulbarra julbala, julbarra inheritance Claire Bowern
Achagua pukúpukui pukúpukui unique See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Piapoco imuluísi, ísa imuluísi, ísa See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Wapishana ɨnɨˀba ɨnɨˀba unique See Language page Ana Paula B.
Yine pahi See Language page PLE Also čixi pahi. Cf. 'ashes' 01.840; hwɨ-pahi is 'pollen', lit. 'flower-dust/particles'. *Piro-Apuriná form is *'pa-hi-nɨ.
Ignaciano tiripupaʔi See Language page PLE Also 'matehi; -ripuʔa.
Trinitario 'motehi See Language page PLE Verbal form is emahučo. (?)
Baure kopo'eṛ̌; poi-p kopo'eṛ̌; poi-p unknown See Language page Anissa Capuccino
Waurá tɨmuukai tɨmuukai unknown See Language page Joyce McCormick
Cha'palaa 'uh-'tu-pe See Language page PLE
Bora pʰá-čixʸï pʰá-tʃixʲɯ inheritance See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Muinane pʰá-gíixɨ (powder classifier) pʰá-gíixɨ (powder classifier) See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Akawaio kuuduukpang ku'duʔpaŋ inheritance Pemongan See Language page Melody Ann Ross, Lauren Franklin
Apalai putoh ãko putoh ãko See Language page Rebekah L. Evans
Mapoyo nono nono See Language page Melody Ann Ross
Yabarana no:no, ʝes'tçini, te'çi'ne See Language page Ana Paula B., John Blaha
Yukpa véramsa See Language page Ana Paula B., Melody Ann Ross
Muisca fusque puske See Language page Daniel Valle
Barí ihtan-bruki See Language page PLE
Northern Emberá phórbo phórbo See Language page Jonathan Quintanilla, PLE
Epena yooro 'pʰora See Language page PLE Lit. 'soil dust (particles). See also 'ashes' 01.840.
Guayabero ˀas-bél-in ('en el mano' - in hand, ˀas sɨx 'en el aire' - in air) inheritance Proto-Guahiban See Language page Ana Paula B., Rebecca Khorram
Macaguan puwúmpeha ('polvo de tierra' - 'earth dust') unique See Language page Ana Paula B., Rebecca Khorram
Cuiva íra múrei, átsa- béno polvo, dust Huber & Reed 1992:372 Rebecca Khorram
Playero átsa tɨskɨ - tsɨkɨn ('haee mucho polvo' - it's very dusty) See Language page Rebecca Khorram
Cofán ande'su ccuttopa'si andeʔsɯ khɯthopaʔsi See Language page Daniel Valle phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS
Candoshi-Shapra póyibó pójimpo See Language page Daniel Valle
Taushiro iva iwa See Language page Daniel Valle
Páez cytã´tujnd kytãʔtuknd See Language page Daniel Valle
Tikuna a3te5xe4xü2 (A58) ateʔeʔɨ See Language page Daniel Valle, Zach Burnett, PLE
Camsa polbí-ʃe (from span.) polbí-ʃe See Language page Daniel Valle, Anissa Capuchino
Pumé dabú chjö See Language page Paulina Franco, PLE
Puinave də-pɨp (also "ash") də-pɨp See Language page Daniel Valle, Zach Burnett
Ashuar juyúr, mamúunkat xũjũr, mamu:nkat See Language page Daniel Valle
Huambisa juyuimri xujumri See Language page Daniel Valle
Aguaruna tsétse tsɨtsɨ See Language page Daniel Valle
Nadëb/Roçado dialect atǝ̱g inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., Pattie Epps
Matses putu putu See Language page Daniel Valle, Becky Walker
Kakataibo mee poto See Language page PLE *Panoan *poto with related meaning 'powder'.
Katukina mai poto See Language page PLE Lit. 'earth particles' 01.210; cf. 'flour' 05.550.
Shipibo-Konibo poto; mai-poto See Language page PLE
Yaminahua mapo [bapo] See Language page PLE
Chácobo mišpo mišpo See Language page Joyce McCormick
Yagua jiru xiru See Language page Daniel Valle
Southern Pastaza Quechua pulpu (Spanish loan?) pulpu See Language page Daniel Valle
Ingá ñutui (to become dust) ñutui (to become dust) See Language page Daniel Valle
Quechua Ayacuchano allpa aʎpa See Language page Daniel Valle, PLE
Piaroa rehé'i'capheh (K76) rehéʔiʔtsapheh See Language page Amanda Novak, Becky Walker
Sáliva isejõ iseʔõ See Language page Becky Walker
Bará po'ká See Language page Kelsey Neely, Tanja Baeuerlein
Barasano bõdã, sitá, bue-ri bõdã, sitá, bue-ri See Language page D. Jagannathan, Tanja Baeuerlein
Carapana ɨ'gérí ɨ'gérí See Language page Amanda Novak, Tanja Baeuerlein
Makuna sita bue-ri, sũhũ-ri sita bue-ri, sũhũ-ri See Language page Amanda Novak, D. Jagannathan, Tanja Bauerlein
Yuruti 'úpapoka 'úpapoka See Language page Ana Paula; Tanja Baeuerlein
Waikhana poʔkari, oʔbẽ poʔkari, oʔbẽ See Language page Ana Paula; Tanja Baeuerlein
Siriano dĩ'kṹ wera dĩ'kṹ wera See Language page Ana Paula, Kelsey Neely
Tanimuca kaʔ'i u'dyua kaʔ'i u'ʎua See Language page Kelsey Neely
Tatuyo hita bu'hérí hita bu'hérí See Language page Emily Buell, Paulina Franco
Tuyuka di'tá-bãdã di'tá-bãdã See Language page D. Jagannathan, Paulina Franco, Ana Paula B.
Waimaja po'ká, hi'tá poká po'ká, hi'tá poká See Language page Kelsey Neely
Koreguaje cha'opo dʒaʔopo See Language page Daniel Valle
Siona pico, ya'o piko, jaʔo See Language page Kelsey Neely
Secoya ne'ña pæ̃ʔ̃ɨ̃ña See Language page Amanda N
Kokama turuka turuka See Language page Zach Burnett, Daniel Valle
Wayampi kuʔi kuʔi inheritance/sem shift? see 'flour' See Language page PLE
Aché mo tãčĩ See Language page PLE
Chiriguano ɨwɨ-kui; ɨwɨ-kʷĩti unique earth-dust/flour' See Language page PLE
Paraguayan Guaraní ɨvɨ-tiᵐbo See Language page PLE Cf. 'ashes' 01.840.
Sirionó etuba; ekui̯i̯ etuba; ekui̯i̯ See Language page Joyce McCormick, Becky Walker
Kamayurá ɨwɨtsimot (M2000) ɨwɨtsimot (M2000) See Language page Rebekah L. Evans
Ocaina ajóóju, ajoohuvóra, añoonhunvóra ahóóhɯ, ahooʔɯβóra, aɲoonʔɯ̃βóra See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Nɨpode Witoto enḯ-čoma, ïmúitaï ɛnɯ́-tʃoma, ɯmúitaɯ See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz
Minica Witoto enḯ-čoma ɛnɯ́-tʃoma See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz
Murui Witoto imuìcɨ, hi.ora imuìkɨ, hi.ora See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Iquito puquitína (dusty) pukitína (dusty) unknown See Language page Cynthia Hansen
Wari tainʔ tainʔ See Language page PLE Also means 'smoke' 01.830. Also oroyimain makanʔ, (fine dirt) 'little dirts'.
Araona poc̷ac̷a-i See Language page PLE To be very dusty is awoc̷a.
Ese Ejja meši-hahi unique See Language page PLE
Ese Ejja/Huarayo kia-poi kia-poi See Language page Joyce McCormick
Tacana epamo See Language page PLE See 'flour' 05.550.
Cavineña moro moro inheritance See Language page Joyce McCormick, Becky Walker
Central Aymara laq´a laḳˀa See Language page PLE
Kwazá -nĩ- -nĩ- See Language page Joyce McCormick
Mosetén-Chimané pœ'dai; 'hak See Language page Joyce McCormick, PLE
Movima βus-kʷa βus-kʷa See Language page Anissa Capuccino, Becky Walker
Kaingang ga funfur (ga=soil; funfur=dust) ΦunΦur; Φun-Φun See Language page PLE
Karajá brɨbɨ-si See Language page PLE Cf. 'ashes' 01.840.
Djeoromitxi minõ minõ See Language page PLE
Chipaya ṣ̌ḳeti See Language page PLE Also means 'smoke' 01.830.
Mocoví n-amoʁo-yaʁa See Language page PLE Lit. 'prefix-make dust-action (nom)'.
Pilagá ʔe'naa-yaʁa See Language page PLE Lit. '?-action nom.'.
Toba n-amoʁo-yaʁa See Language page PLE Lit. '(prefix)-make dust-action (nom.)'.
Lengua ɬapup anik See Language page PLE
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité ɬipop ampaia See Language page PLE
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet aanek; akpaʔanma (ɬoopʔaktek) See Language page PLE
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay hohnat-'muk See Language page PLE Lit. 'earth-dust'. See 'lead' 09.680.
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja lamak (m.) See Language page PLE See 'dandruff' 04.146; 'flour' 05.550; 'sugar' 05.850.
Maca ɬʔeḳhip (m.) See Language page PLE
Nivaclé kˀim; kˀok dusk https://ids.clld.org/ PLE Cf. 'flour' 05.550.
Ayoreo u'ru-i See Language page PLE Also see 'ashes' 01.840; 'flour' 05.550.
Mapudungun ṭ͡ʀufɨr See Language page PLE Ranquel form is kuyɨm.
Qawasqar papas-ḳʰar See Language page PLE
Selknam te See Language page PLE Cf. 'smoke' 01.830.
Tehuelche 'tēm-hn See Language page PLE Lit. 'of earth', cf. 01.212. Also 'hep, which also means 'ashes' 01.840.
Lokono kolheli koɽeli dust (in the air) Pet 1987:356 Camille Unger
Kariña siwàko siwaɁko cloud of dust Courtz 2007:371 Camille Unger