Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

eye

Semantic Field
body
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
ojo
Meaning Portuguese
olho

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes Source Created By General Notes
Bankalachi Toloim poon'-che 173; buntcil (K1907) inheritance Jane Hill
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone puih inheritance Jane Hill
Cahuilla puch-ily inheritance S&H 1979 Jane Hill
Central Sierra Miwok shy/nty- unknown Jane Hill
Chemehuevi pu7i/v(i) “eye, seed” inheritance Jane Hill
Chumash Barbareno tyq inheritance Klar 1977:84 Jane Hill
Chumash Cruzeno tech inheritance Klar 1977:84 Jane Hill
Chumash Ineseno tyx inheritance Klar 1977:84 Jane Hill
Chumash Obispeno tytYy inheritance Klar 1977:84 Jane Hill
Chumash Ventureno tyq inheritance Klar 1977:84 Jane Hill
Cocopa 7iyu/ inheritance Jane Hill
Comanche pui inheritance Jane Hill
Cupeño -push [-puʃ] inheritance Jane Hill
Esselen -ixpa S. voc unknown Shaul 1995 Jane Hill
Gabrielino -co:co-n inheritance Jane Hill
Iipay 'Aa eyiiw [əˈjiˑu] inheritance Jane Hill
Kawaiisu pu7i-vi inheritance Jane Hill
Kiliwa ny-7-yuw inheritance Jane Hill
Kitanemuk uva7 inheritance Jane Hill
Lake Miwok Su/t S is post-alveolar inheritance Jane Hill
Luiseño push-la inheritance Jane Hill
Maidu hi\ni/ inheritance Jane Hill
Mojave iido inheritance Jane Hill
Mutsun hi:n “face, eye” inheritance O77:69 Jane Hill
Nisenan hi:n inheritance Jane Hill
Northern Paiute /pui inheritance Thornes 03:57 Jane Hill
Northern Sierra Miwok syt:y- inheritance Jane Hill
Plains Miwok welaj, w2laj inheritance Jane Hill
Salinan A cuke:/neT (A), unknown Jane Hill
Salinan M coke/neTH unknown Mason 1918:126 Jane Hill
Seri (Comcaac) ito unknown Jane Hill
Serrano huva:-t, huva-c unique Jane Hill
Southern Paiute py-G, pu-G (pu7i-) inheritance Jane Hill
Southern Sierra Miwok hynty- inheritance Jane Hill
Southern Ute py7ivY inheritance Jane Hill
Tübatulabal puntsi-l inheritance Jane Hill
Tümpisa Shoshone pui inheritance Jane Hill
Wappo hu/c'i loan into protolanguage Jane Hill
Washo diwi/:gi unknown J84 Jane Hill
Western Mono pu/sI loan Jane Hill
Wintu tum “eyes, face” , tu:mu/tu:mum “eye” (MM) inheritance Jane Hill
Yavapai yu/(:) “eye, face”, yo\",,,inheritance,,,,,,,,Jane Hill NAM,BODY,faeces,xx,xx,,Yavapai,che/lqa,,,inheritance,,,,,,,,Jane Hill NAM,MOTION,fall,xx,xx,,Yavapai,thi^ri,,,inheritance,,,,,,,,Jane Hill NAM,QUALITY,far,xx,xx,,Yavapai,twa:yi “distant”,,,unknown,,, wa/la “wing feather”" inheritance
Yokuts Palewyami shesha7 inheritance W&G Jane Hill
Yokuts Yawdanchi shasha inheritance K07:238, G64 Jane Hill
Yokuts Yowlumne sasa' inheritance K 1963 Jane Hill
Yuki hu(:)l loan into protolanguage S&S 1984 Jane Hill
Yuma i:tho/ H1:29 inheritance Jane Hill
Baniwa -thi -thi inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B.
Carijona enuru inheritance See Language page Melody Ann Ross, Zach Burnett, PLE
Cubeo yaco, yacorʉ jako, jakorɨ inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely; Tanja Baeuerlein
Dâw tʉm tɨm inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., Pattie Epps
Desano cuiru kuiru inheritance shared Siriano See Language page Ana Paula; Tanja Baeuerlein
Eñepa o; -y-o-n o; -j-o-n inheritance See Language page Melody Ann Ross
Hodï búle / bure unique See Language page Paulina Franco, Bettie Gonzalez
Waorani áwį́ka áwį́ga unique See Language page Paulina Franco, Bettie Gonzalez, PLE
Hup kǝwǝ̌g kǝwǝ̌g unique See Language page Pattie Epps
Kakua kibm-daʔ [eye/seed-cl.round] unique See Language page Katherine Bolaños
Makushi -énu -énu inheritance See Language page Melody Ann Ross
Nheengatu eça, ceçá esá, sesá inheritance See Language page John Blaha, Lauren Franklin
Ninam pili mamo, mamo (gom) pili mamo, mamo (gom) inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Nukak ʔɛn4at1 unique See Language page Lauren Franklin
Maihiki ñacoa ja ɲakoa xã inheritance See Language page Daniel Valle
Pemon enu (A1981); itenu (M2000) enu (A1981) inheritance See Language page Melody Ann Ross, Karina Baeza
Sanumá mamo (EM72) mamo inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Sikuani itaxu (1) inheritance See Language page Jonathan Quintanilla, Rebecca Khorram, PLE
Tariana di-thí, di-thí-da di-tʰí, di-tʰí-da inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B.
Tukano capéa kapéa inheritance E Tuk See Language page Ana Paula, Amanda Novak
Kotiria khapa kʰapa inheritance E Tuk See Language page D. Jagannathan, Tanja Bauerlein
Yanomam mamo mamo inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Yanomami pei mamo pei mamo inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Yukuna ijlují ihluhí inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Yuhup tǝʔbǝ́g tǝʔbǝ́g unknown See Language page Ana Paula B., Pattie Epps
Arabana milki inheritance Claire Bowern
Bardi niimi niimi inheritance Claire Bowern
Bunuba murlu inheritance Claire Bowern
Burarra mipila unknown Claire Bowern
Dhangu maŋutji inheritance Claire Bowern
Dhuwal mi:l Claire Bowern
Dhuwala mi:l inheritance Claire Bowern
Diyari milki inheritance Claire Bowern
DiyariREU milki inheritance Claire Bowern
Djambarrpuyngu 1975 unknown Claire Bowern
Djapu mi:l unknown Claire Bowern
Djinang mil inheritance Claire Bowern
Gajirrabeng moorlng inheritance Claire Bowern
Gooniyandi moorloo inheritance Claire Bowern
Gupapuyngu mi:l inheritance Claire Bowern
Gurindji mila inheritance Claire Bowern
Jabirr-Jabirr nim; -m nim; -m inheritance Claire Bowern
Jaru milba, milwa inheritance Claire Bowern
Jawi nimmie nimmye inheritance Claire Bowern
Karajarri pani inheritance Claire Bowern
Kija murlu- inheritance Claire Bowern
Malyangapa mee-ee inheritance? Claire Bowern
Mangala mil inheritance Claire Bowern
Miriwung moorlng inheritance Claire Bowern
Mithaka mirlki inheritance Claire Bowern
Mudburra mila Claire Bowern
Mudburra ngabanyji loan Claire Bowern
Ngamini miRki inheritance Claire Bowern
Ngandi gu-go' inheritance Claire Bowern
Ngarluma thurla Claire Bowern
Ngumbarl neemee, nyeemee nimi inheritance Claire Bowern
Nhirrpi mityi inheritance Claire Bowern
Nimanburru nim nim inheritance Claire Bowern
Northern Mangarla mil Claire Bowern
Northern Nyangumarta pani inheritance Claire Bowern
Nyangumarta 4062 loan direction unknown Claire Bowern
Nyikina nimildarr XXngl also `face' nimildarr inheritance Claire Bowern
Nyulnyul n@iem ^ nyem inheritance Claire Bowern
Paakantyi meigi Claire Bowern
Pirriya djiloi loan Claire Bowern
Pitta-Pitta miyi inheritance Claire Bowern
Rirratjingu maŋutji inheritance Claire Bowern
Ritharrngu mangutyi inheritance Claire Bowern
Walmajarri mil inheritance Claire Bowern
Wangkayutyuru milarti inheritance Claire Bowern
Warrwa nimelgarr nimelkarr inheritance Claire Bowern
Wubuy bagarlang inheritance Claire Bowern
Yan-nhangu maŋutji inheritance Claire Bowern
Yandruwandha mici inheritance Claire Bowern
Yarluyandi milki inheritance Claire Bowern
Yawarrawarrka mitji inheritance Claire Bowern
Yawuru niminy niminy inheritance Claire Bowern
Achagua túi túi inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Piapoco tuí tuí See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Kabiyari thu thu See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Yavitero huľisi huľisi See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Bare witi witi See Language page Ana Paula B.
Wapishana -awɨn -awɨn unknown Possibly inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B.
Mandawaka di di See Language page Ana Paula B.
Wayuu to-ʔu (~ ta-ʔu) See Language page PLE See 'face' 04.204.
Yine yhaľe; ha See Language page PLE The latter is used in compounds. 'Eyeball' is yhaľsahi. 'Pupil of eye' is ksaxire-yhaľe.
Paresi exose eʃotse inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Ignaciano -'ukiʔa See Language page PLE
Trinitario -uɣʔa See Language page PLE Plural form is -uɣʔʸono. 'Tuerto (one-eyed)' is pučuɣi.
Baure i'ki; ni-'kis i'ki; ni-'kis inheritance See Language page Anissa Capuccino
Waurá #NAME? #NAME? inheritance See Language page Joyce McCormick
Arutani kohap kohap See Language page John Blaha
Sape amku amku See Language page John Blaha
Cha'palaa 'ka-'puka See Language page PLE Lit. 'see-sphere/ball' 12.830; 'fruit' 05.710.
Bora (me)-ʔáčïï (mɛ)-ʔátʃɯɯ inheritance See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Muinane ááǰɨɨ áádʒɨɨ See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Akawaio eenuu enu inheritance Proto-Carib See Language page Melody Ann Ross, Lauren Franklin
Apalai onu onu inheritance See Language page Rebekah L. Evans
Wayana ewu ewu inheritance See Language page PLE
Tiriyó enu enu inheritance See Language page Becky Walker
Makiritare ənu (IDS); ye:nudu (KH) (means 'my eye'), önu (KH) je:nudu (KH), ənu inheritance See Language page Melody Ann Ross, Karina Baeza
Mapoyo yenu-ru-'bë; yenu sipotï (eyebrow, eyelashes); yenu ya'bë (eyeball, pupil, lit. seed of the eye); yenu pi'bë (eyelid, lit. skin of the eye) jenu-ru-'bɛ; jenu sipotʊ (ejebrow, ejelashes); jenu ja'bɛ (ejeball, pupil, lit. seed of the eje); jenu pi'bɛ (ejelid, lit. skin of the eje) See Language page Melody Ann Ross
Wai Wai oy-ew-ru oy-ew-ru inheritance See Language page Melody Ann Ross
Waimiri Atroari eba eba See Language page Melody Ann Ross, PLE
Yabarana ja'nuru See Language page Ana Paula B., John Blaha
Yukpa yanu dʒanu See Language page Ana Paula B., Melody Ann Ross
Kalapalo iŋugu iŋugu inheritance See Language page Joyce McCormick
Muisca upqua upkua See Language page Daniel Valle
Barí oo; oošubi See Language page PLE Colombia: 'oorə; oošinə. *Chibchan form is *uba.
Northern Emberá dau, dháu dau, dháu See Language page Jonathan Quintanilla, PLE
Epena 'tau See Language page PLE Also means 'ball (sphere), round-unit (thing)' 12.830.
Guayabero ʔiɸú-t inheritance Proto-Guahiban See Language page Ana Paula B., Rebecca Khorram
Macaguan itpút itpút inheritance Proto-Guahiban See Language page Ana Paula B., Rebecca Khorram
Cofán tso´fe tsoʔɸɛ See Language page Daniel Valle phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS
Candoshi-Shapra kachich katʃitʃ unique See Language page Daniel Valle
Taushiro a´chivihi´ aʔʃiwihiʔ See Language page Daniel Valle
Páez yafi yafi See Language page Daniel Valle
Tikuna naxetü (his eye) [2-3, 2, 5] naʔetɨ unique See Language page Daniel Valle, Zach Burnett, PLE
Urarina nuta nuta unique See Language page Daniel Valle, PLE
Camsa bɕnɨ-bé bɕnɨ-bé See Language page Daniel Valle, Anissa Capuchino
Andoke -'ákʌ -ʔákʌ unique See Language page Kelsey Neely, PLE
Pumé dachó See Language page Paulina Franco, PLE
Tinigua tsɨtɨ See Language page Zach Burnett
Puinave #NAME? #NAME? unique See Language page Daniel Valle, Zach Burnett
Máku sukute sukute See Language page PLE
Ashuar jii xi: See Language page Daniel Valle
Huambisa ji xi See Language page Daniel Valle
Aguaruna jíi xí: inheritance See Language page Daniel Valle
Nadëb/Roçado dialect matɨm inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., Pattie Epps
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect matɨm See Language page Ana Paula B., Pattie Epps
Matses ëshë ɨʃɨ unique See Language page Daniel Valle, Becky Walker
Kakataibo βɨro See Language page PLE Also means 'seed'. *Panoan *βɨro.
Katukina βɨro See Language page PLE
Pacahuara 'wɨřo See Language page PLE d'Orb huiro; viro; cf. 'seed' 08.311. Heath hué-ro.
Shipibo-Konibo βɨ-ro See Language page PLE Same as 'seed' 08.311. 'Bizco' is βɨṣ̌mi.
Yaminahua βɨ-ro See Language page PLE
Chácobo βɨ-ro; wɨro (the former also means "seed") βɨ-ro; wɨro (the former also means "seed") inheritance See Language page Joyce McCormick
Yagua jnutya xnũtja unique See Language page Daniel Valle
Southern Pastaza Quechua ñavi ɲabi See Language page Daniel Valle
Ingá ñawi ñawi See Language page Daniel Valle
Napo Lowland Quichua ñahui ɲawi See Language page Daniel Valle
Quechua Ayacuchano ñawi ɲawi See Language page Daniel Valle, PLE
Piaroa chi'äjäre tʃiʔæhæɾe unique See Language page Amanda Novak, Becky Walker
Sáliva paxute paxute unique See Language page Becky Walker
Bará ka'pea See Language page Kelsey Neely, Tanja Baeuerlein
Barasano cahe-a cahe-a See Language page D. Jagannathan, Tanja Baeuerlein
Carapana caapea kaapɛa See Language page Amanda Novak, Tanja Baeuerlein
Makuna cahe-a cahe-a inheritance See Language page Amanda Novak, D. Jagannathan, Tanja Bauerlein
Yuruti kápee kápee See Language page Ana Paula; Tanja Baeuerlein
Waikhana ka'pe-a ka'pe-a See Language page Ana Paula; Tanja Baeuerlein
Siriano coyéru kojéru See Language page Ana Paula, Kelsey Neely
Tanimuca dyãʔ'kõã ʎãʔ'kõã inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Tatuyo káape-a káape-a See Language page Emily Buell, Paulina Franco
Tuyuka ka'pea kaʔpea See Language page D. Jagannathan, Paulina Franco, Ana Paula B.
Waimaja kʰaᵽégʌ̀ kʰaɸégʌ̀ See Language page Kelsey Neely
Koreguaje ñakoa ɲakhoa inheritance See Language page Daniel Valle
Siona yãko-ka jãko-ka inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Secoya ñacua ñãkwa See Language page Amanda N
Karitiana sypo sɨpo unknown See Language page Daniel Valle
Kokama chitsacuara (eyes) tʃitsakuaɾa inheritance See Language page Zach Burnett, Daniel Valle
Wayampi #NAME? #NAME? inheritance See Language page PLE
Aché čãʔã inheritance See Language page PLE
Chiriguano (če-)r-esa; h-esa inheritance See Language page PLE
Paraguayan Guaraní t-esa See Language page PLE
Sirionó eresa eresa inheritance See Language page Joyce McCormick, Becky Walker
Kamayurá h-ea h-ea inheritance See Language page Rebekah L. Evans
Ocaina ojúú ohɯ́ɯ́ inheritance See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Nɨpode Witoto u.í-hï u.í-hɯ See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz
Minica Witoto u.í-hï u.í-hɯ See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz
Murui Witoto u.i-θï u.i-θɯ inheritance See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Iquito namíja namíha inheritance See Language page Cynthia Hansen
Záparo namihya namihja See Language page Becky Walker
Wari tokošiʔ (tok) tokoʃiʔ (tok) See Language page PLE
Araona e-toa See Language page PLE *Tacn form is *-to-xa.
Ese Ejja e-ko-xa inheritance See Language page PLE
Ese Ejja/Huarayo e-koxa e-koxa See Language page Joyce McCormick
Tacana e-toa See Language page PLE
Cavineña ya-to-ka ya-to-ka inheritance See Language page Joyce McCormick, Becky Walker
Central Aymara nayra nayra See Language page PLE
Cayuvava -ǰɔkɔ; ǰokore See Language page PLE
Itonama uh-kˀururu See Language page PLE
Kwazá ecũi, -tõi ecũi, -tõi See Language page Joyce McCormick
Mosetén-Chimané beh See Language page Joyce McCormick, PLE
Movima čo-ra tʃo-ra See Language page Anissa Capuccino, Becky Walker
Trumai xon(-ake); (ha) xon xon(-ake); (ha) xon unique See Language page Rebekah L. Evans, PLE
Kaingang kanẽ #NAME? See Language page PLE
Canela iʔ-twɨm See Language page PLE *Jê form is *twəm. Maxacalí form is -top.
Suyá ndɔ ndɔ See Language page Rebekah Evans
Karajá rue See Language page PLE
Djeoromitxi hõka hõka See Language page PLE
Chipaya č̣ʰuxki See Language page PLE Pupil of the eye is mamanilʸa. 'Cross-eyed' is č̣ʰuxk ḳaru; ḳˀiṣ̌u. Uru-J form is c̷ʰuxki. Uru-I form is c̷suki.
Mocoví n-ḳote See Language page PLE
Pilagá l-ʔaite See Language page PLE
Toba l-ʔaite See Language page PLE
Lengua #NAME? See Language page PLE Also means 'seed' 08.311; 'grain' 08.420.
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité aktik See Language page PLE
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet eŋaʔtek See Language page PLE
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay -teʔ See Language page PLE
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja -tateʔ (f.) See Language page PLE Cf. 'button' 06.620.
Maca -toʔ (f.) See Language page PLE
Nivaclé -tɔsex eye https://ids.clld.org/ PLE
Ayoreo e'do See Language page PLE Also means 'grain' 08.420. See 'face' 04.204.
Mapudungun ŋe See Language page PLE Same form in Ranquel.
Qawasqar tes See Language page PLE Sk, Bo, Co, Be, Li, Lu, Fe, Gui record teɬ for Central QWS. Fi, Hy record teɬ for South QWS.
Selknam otr See Language page PLE
Tehuelche 'otl; 'aykˀoy See Language page PLE
Kanamarí -iko -iko olho Magalhães 2018:352 Maria Castillo
Lokono kosi(-hi) kosi(-hi) eye Pet 1987:357 Camille Unger
Kariña enu enu eye Yamada 2010:731 Camille Unger