Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

faeces

Semantic Field
body
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
heces, mierda, excremento, estiércol
Meaning Portuguese
fezes

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes Source Created By General Notes
Bankalachi Toloim sahl' 177 inheritance Jane Hill
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone kwita-ppyh inheritance Jane Hill
Cahuilla -kwa'a unique S&H 1979 Jane Hill
Central Sierra Miwok kyna:T- inheritance Jane Hill
Chemehuevi kwitsa/pY “manure” inheritance JPH Jane Hill
Chumash Barbareno waxanish “feces” (waxan defecate) unknown Beeler 76:258 Jane Hill
Chumash Cruzeno chiwanipy7ych “voy a cagar” unknown JPH Jane Hill
Chumash Obispeno kshe7 “cagar”, “excrement” (with t-) unknown JPH Jane Hill
Chumash Ventureno nukHwaxa “voy a cagar”, waxanesh “feces” 69:0296 unknown JPH Jane Hill
Comanche kwitapy inheritance Jane Hill
Cupeño -wish, wichi-ly [wɪʃ], [witʃiʎ] unknown Jane Hill
Gabrielino 7awyo:7en “su cagada”; weyo:7er unknown Jane Hill
Kawaiisu kwida-py inheritance Jane Hill
Kiliwa waq loan direction unknown Jane Hill
Kitanemuk sha7 inheritance Jane Hill
Lake Miwok ke/e inheritance Jane Hill
Luiseño Sa:7i-sh inheritance Jane Hill
Maidu pi\t'i/ inheritance Jane Hill
Mojave icherq inheritance Jane Hill
Mutsun 7irko “to defecate” inheritance O77:114 Jane Hill
Nisenan pic'i inheritance Jane Hill
Northern Paiute kwita-'py inheritance Nichols 1974:142 Jane Hill
Northern Sierra Miwok kyna:T-y- inheritance Jane Hill
Plains Miwok k2na-, kyna-, k2k:2- inheritance Jane Hill
Salinan A lamhA/t (A only) “dung”; unknown Jane Hill
Salinan M pHxat 'excrement, intestines' unknown Mason 1918:127 Jane Hill
Seri (Comcaac) hapx ihi/ip unknown Jane Hill
Serrano Sai:7 inheritance Jane Hill
Southern Paiute qwitca-p:y- inheritance Jane Hill
Southern Sierra Miwok kyna:-t- “defecate” inheritance Jane Hill
Southern Ute kwichapY inheritance Jane Hill
Tübatulabal shaa-n inheritance Jane Hill
Tümpisa Shoshone kwitappyh inheritance Jane Hill
Wappo che/y'u inheritance Jane Hill
Washo mi/k'u unknown J87 Jane Hill
Western Mono kwida/pY/ inheritance Jane Hill
Wintu c'enis inheritance Jane Hill
Yokuts Palewyami petik' inheritance JPH Gamble 91 Jane Hill
Yokuts Yawdanchi bidik 241 inheritance K07:241 Jane Hill
Yokuts Yowlumne bidik' “act of excreting,“excrement”; pe:tik' cited C1997:37 inheritance N1944:218 Jane Hill
Yuki sha,y, shoy inheritance S&S 1984 Jane Hill
Yuma acerq “to defecate” H5 106 inheritance Jane Hill
Baniwa íijha íijha inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B.
Carijona weti, watɨ (M2000) inheritance See Language page Melody Ann Ross, Zach Burnett, PLE
Cubeo cᵾra, maca kɨɾa; maka inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely; Tanja Baeuerlein
Dâw yeé’ jæ̌Ɂ inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., Pattie Epps
Desano gᵾra gɨɾa inheritance See Language page Ana Paula; Tanja Baeuerlein
Eñepa -uwiɲa- (IDS) -uwiɲa- (IDS) inheritance See Language page Melody Ann Ross
Hodï iki doubtful loan Arawak?; see also Iquito íiki See Language page Paulina Franco, Bettie Gonzalez
Waorani goĩ bẽ 'defecate' unique See Language page Paulina Franco, Bettie Gonzalez, PLE
Hup j'æ̌ʔ ɟ'æ̌ʔ inheritance See Language page Pattie Epps
Kakua hunɁ unknown See Language page Katherine Bolaños
Nheengatu tiputi tiputi inheritance See Language page John Blaha, Lauren Franklin
Maihiki badiyi (to defecate) badiji unknown See Language page Daniel Valle
Pemon watö (E1980) inheritance See Language page Melody Ann Ross, Karina Baeza
Resígaro ii?šú iiʔʃú inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B.
Tariana íha íha inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B.
Kotiria tᵾ (Waltz) tᵾ (Waltz) unknown See Language page D. Jagannathan, Tanja Bauerlein
Yanomami shii ʃii unknown See Language page Kelsey Neely
Yukuna i'ijñejí iʔihɲehí inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Yuhup jæ̂Ɂ jæ̂Ɂ inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., Pattie Epps
Arabana kudna inheritance Claire Bowern
Bardi burrm -julung- XXngl gut sth. burrm -julung- loan Pama-Nyungan Claire Bowern
Bunuba gawaru unknown Claire Bowern
Burarra ngukarda unknown Claire Bowern
Dhangu guḻa' unknown Claire Bowern
Dhuwal dhurri(') Claire Bowern
Dhuwala guḻa' unknown Claire Bowern
Diyari kuna inheritance Claire Bowern
DiyariREU [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Djambarrpuyngu guḻa' unknown Claire Bowern
Djapu dhurri(') unknown Claire Bowern
Djinang ngatjarr unknown Claire Bowern
Gajirrabeng googeng unique NJ Claire Bowern
Gooniyandi roowoo unique Claire Bowern
Gupapuyngu guḻa' unknown Claire Bowern
Gurindji kura inheritance Claire Bowern
Jabirr-Jabirr bud% ^ bud% inheritance Claire Bowern
Jaru gura inheritance Claire Bowern
Jawi burrma burrma unknown Claire Bowern
Karajarri puta inheritance Claire Bowern
Kija mana unique Claire Bowern
Malyangapa koorna inheritance Claire Bowern
Mangala jala unknown Claire Bowern
Miriwung googeng unique NJ Claire Bowern
Mithaka kuna inheritance Claire Bowern
Mudburra jirdi Claire Bowern
Mudburra jirit unique Claire Bowern
Ngamini kuna inheritance Claire Bowern
Ngandi X missing Claire Bowern
Ngarluma marna unique Claire Bowern
Nhirrpi kawalka unique Claire Bowern
Nimanburru bud% ^ bud% inheritance Claire Bowern
Northern Mangarla jarla Claire Bowern
Northern Nyangumarta ngarlingarli unique Claire Bowern
Nyangumarta purta inheritance Claire Bowern
Nyikina guly XXngl excrete (v); give birth to kuly inheritance Claire Bowern
Nyulnyul poto bodo inheritance Claire Bowern
Paakantyi guna inheritance Claire Bowern
Pirriya kurna inheritance Claire Bowern
Pitta-Pitta kuna inheritance Claire Bowern
Rirratjingu dhurri', guḻa Claire Bowern
Ritharrngu dhurri' inheritance Claire Bowern
Walmajarri kura inheritance Claire Bowern
Wangkayutyuru kuna inheritance Claire Bowern
Wubuy (ng)gurriya inheritance Claire Bowern
Yan-nhangu bugaḻ'tji unknown Claire Bowern
Yandruwandha kuna inheritance Claire Bowern
Yarluyandi kuna inheritance Claire Bowern
Yawarrawarrka kuna inheritance Claire Bowern
Yawuru burda burda inheritance Claire Bowern
Achagua (nú:)jami (nú:)jami inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Yavitero c̷i'a tsiʔa See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Bare sika sika See Language page Ana Paula B.
Wapishana ɖik ɖik inheritance Proto-Arawak See Language page Ana Paula B.
Wayuu a-čii-ta-a See Language page PLE
Yine hička-ta See Language page PLE Excrement' is hička; čki.
Paresi jikiti, enorehe ʃikiti, enorehe inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Ignaciano #NAME? See Language page PLE
Trinitario #NAME? See Language page PLE
Cha'palaa 'pe-'ke-nu See Language page PLE Cf. 'brain' 04.203.
Bora name (T98) name loan (into protolg?), direction unknown Witotoan See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Muinane námo (W97) námo See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Akawaio wak wak unknown See Language page Melody Ann Ross, Lauren Franklin
Apalai jety jetɨ inheritance? See Language page Rebekah L. Evans
Waimiri Atroari wety wetɨ See Language page Melody Ann Ross, PLE
Yabarana 'watɜ, ehnɜ 'wɜti See Language page Ana Paula B., John Blaha
Yukpa ueka, uékapo, vika, vikasa See Language page Ana Paula B., Melody Ann Ross
Kalapalo itï itɨ inheritance See Language page Joyce McCormick
Barí ahtū See Language page PLE *Chibchan noun form is *'gã.
Epena 'ãa- See Language page PLE Also means 'open'. Noun form 'dung' is 'ãa.
Páez ime ime See Language page Daniel Valle
Tikuna i4na2wo5xe5 (A58) inawoʔe unique See Language page Daniel Valle, Zach Burnett, PLE
Urarina nʉhe nʉhe unique See Language page Daniel Valle, PLE
Andoke -ñé -ñé unique See Language page Kelsey Neely, PLE
Pumé a-gure-čʊ (defecate) See Language page Paulina Franco, PLE
Puinave [-yek] (vb., to defecate) yek unique See Language page Daniel Valle, Zach Burnett
Ashuar íja ixa See Language page Daniel Valle
Huambisa ija ixa See Language page Daniel Valle
Aguaruna tsuwát tsuwat unique See Language page Daniel Valle
Nadëb/Roçado dialect ja̰:Ɂ inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., Pattie Epps
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect ja̰:h See Language page Ana Paula B., Pattie Epps
Matses chimu tʃimu unknown See Language page Daniel Valle, Becky Walker
Kakataibo poi- See Language page PLE *Panoan *poʔi-.
Katukina poʔi i- See Language page PLE
Shipibo-Konibo poi-ti See Language page PLE
Yaminahua saβa-kĩ See Language page PLE
Yagua juvudi; jvudi; vudi (also the vulgar meaning) xu:vu:di; xvu:di; vu:di unique See Language page Daniel Valle
Southern Pastaza Quechua isma, quicha isma, kitʃa See Language page Daniel Valle
Ingá isma, kaka isma, kaka See Language page Daniel Valle
Napo Lowland Quichua isma isma See Language page Daniel Valle
Quechua Ayacuchano aka, ispay aka, ispaj See Language page Daniel Valle, PLE
Piaroa (your feces) tjäsikje tʰæsikʰe unknown See Language page Amanda Novak, Becky Walker
Sáliva ite ite unknown See Language page Becky Walker
Carapana ᵾta ɨta See Language page Amanda Novak, Tanja Baeuerlein
Makuna gᵾda gɨda inheritance See Language page Amanda Novak, D. Jagannathan, Tanja Bauerlein
Tanimuca iʔ'ta iʔ'ta inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Secoya cua'cuaro kwaʔkwarɔ See Language page Amanda N
Wayampi #NAME? #NAME? inheritance See Language page PLE
Aché puči inheritance See Language page PLE
Chiriguano (a)mãɲa; (če-)poti semantic shift; inheritance See Language page PLE
Paraguayan Guaraní poti; [kaka] See Language page PLE
Sirionó eruusɨ eruusɨ inheritance See Language page Joyce McCormick, Becky Walker
Kamayurá je repotsi je repotsi inheritance See Language page Rebekah L. Evans
Ocaina num̈oonjin num:õõhin loan (into protolg?), direction unknown Boran See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Murui Witoto nemuìe nɛmuìɛ (B83) loan (into protolg?), direction unknown Boran See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Iquito íiqui íiki doubtful loan Arawak? see also hoti iki See Language page Cynthia Hansen
Záparo uyaka ujaka See Language page Becky Walker
Wari mon (E&K97) mon (E&K97) See Language page PLE
Araona domi See Language page PLE Also used for 'rust'; concept also used in Chácobo, see 04.660. 'Anus' is domi-c̷i.
Ese Ejja see- semantic shift See Language page PLE
Ese Ejja/Huarayo see-kwe see-kwe See Language page Joyce McCormick
Tacana domi See Language page PLE Means 'excrement'.
Cavineña dumi (G71) dumi (G71) inheritance See Language page Joyce McCormick, Becky Walker
Central Aymara jama xama-ɲa; yaḳˀa-ɲa See Language page PLE
Cayuvava da-piši ~ ra-pihi; pi See Language page PLE The black excrement of fish irɔǰe, is used to make pottery (Harold Key 1975, p. 91); (see Movima description in text). Also rɔǰe.
Itonama walu-ne; u-walu See Language page PLE The latter is noun form. 'Animal excrement' is ahmi-to; 'fish excrement' is porokoʔko.
Mosetén-Chimané wæsæ-'ki See Language page Joyce McCormick, PLE 'Excrement' is wæš.
Movima momo-kʷa momo-kʷa See Language page Anissa Capuccino, Becky Walker
Trumai (ha) ofal; loueu (ha) ofal; loueu unique See Language page Rebekah L. Evans, PLE
Kaingang jãfa, jãgfa yãΦa; yãŋΦa See Language page PLE
Djeoromitxi nĩmeko nĩmeko See Language page PLE
Chipaya ṣ̌ḳon-š See Language page PLE
Mocoví y-aʔwe n-omaʔ See Language page PLE Lit. '3p actor-cause 3p possessor-place'. Perhaps a euphemism. 'Fecal matter' is l-aʔt-ek.
Pilagá n-ola See Language page PLE Lit. '3pa-defecate'.
Toba da-ʔat-aʁan See Language page PLE -aʁan is intransitivizer.
Lengua #NAME? See Language page PLE
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité apyakniyi; anyakniyi See Language page PLE
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet neŋyaʔanma; neŋyaʔankahayˀ; eŋyeʔ; yaʔa See Language page PLE
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay tˀaɬam See Language page PLE
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja -xlam ~ -xlyem See Language page PLE
Maca #NAME? See Language page PLE
Nivaclé -ɬɔʔm; samuk defecate; defecate https://ids.clld.org/ PLE Latter example is noun form.
Ayoreo u'čiʔ See Language page PLE
Mapudungun me See Language page PLE Same in Ranquel.
Qawasqar ḳˀyeyeḳ See Language page PLE Sk, Bo record akot for Central QWS.
Selknam ṣàʔ See Language page PLE
Tehuelche 'šaʔ- See Language page PLE
Kariña wety wetɨ rust; excrement, droppings Yamada 2010:826 Camille Unger