Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

flow

Semantic Field
motion
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
fluir
Meaning Portuguese
fluir

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes Source Created By General Notes
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone okwai”, okai” inheritance Jane Hill
Cahuilla -wane- inheritance S&H 1979 Jane Hill
Central Sierra Miwok waka:/l- inheritance Jane Hill
Chumash Barbareno axnan' “flow rapidly” unique Wash 2001:311 Jane Hill
Chumash Ventureno nalmu unique JPH Jane Hill
Cocopa kup, raw unknown Jane Hill
Comanche okweety inheritance Jane Hill
Cupeño ya'-yax [yaɁyax] inheritance Jane Hill
Esselen chololo/shi “running water” loan direction unknown Henshaw in Shaul 1995:200 Jane Hill
Iipay 'Aa wenuw [wəˈn̯ʊu] unknown Jane Hill
Kawaiisu nukwi- unknown Jane Hill
Kiliwa yul p. 77 unknown Jane Hill
Kitanemuk wanatu7 inheritance Jane Hill
Lake Miwok Sola/a inheritance Jane Hill
Luiseño ya7- inheritance Jane Hill
Maidu hi/nk'oj inheritance Jane Hill
Mojave helhel i= “flow gently” loan direction unknown Jane Hill
Mutsun soro, loan direction unknown NW? Jane Hill
Nisenan jo:no inheritance Jane Hill
Northern Paiute hu7u loan Thornes 03:497 Jane Hill
Northern Sierra Miwok hu:ju- loan Jane Hill
Plains Miwok colo:-t-u “run, of water” inheritance Jane Hill
Salinan M missing missing Jane Hill
Seri (Comcaac) quimej unknown Jane Hill
Serrano ja-7i (= “run”); wanytu-7 inheritance Jane Hill
Southern Paiute noq:i-N unknown Jane Hill
Southern Sierra Miwok wakha- inheritance Jane Hill
Southern Ute nUkwi unknown Jane Hill
Tübatulabal wyy7a-t inheritance Jane Hill
Tümpisa Shoshone okwe”, okwai” inheritance Jane Hill
Wappo te/h-she7 unknown Jane Hill
Washo bEjU-Pi unknown J514, 519 Jane Hill
Western Mono huu- loan Jane Hill
Wintu c'uha: loan into protolanguage Jane Hill
Yavapai he/(:)li loan direction unknown Jane Hill
Yokuts Yawdanchi hodj (?) unknown K07:248 Jane Hill
Yuki Tal-, Ta:l-, Ta:- unknown S&S 1984 Jane Hill
Carijona ahətunu unknown See Language page Melody Ann Ross, Zach Burnett, PLE
Cubeo meivᵾ meivɨ unique See Language page Kelsey Neely; Tanja Baeuerlein
Dâw xʉʉ̀ xɨ̂ inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., Pattie Epps
Eñepa -uwəhtə- (IDS) -uwəhtə- (IDS) unknown See Language page Melody Ann Ross
Hodï helou unique See Language page Paulina Franco, Bettie Gonzalez
Waorani go-pæ̃ unique See Language page Paulina Franco, Bettie Gonzalez, PLE
Hup hi- (lit. 'go down') hi- (lit. 'go down') inheritance See Language page Pattie Epps
Kakua dõh3 [H&R] inheritance See Language page Katherine Bolaños
Ninam karə (EM72) kaɾə inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Nukak nuuh2 inheritance See Language page Lauren Franklin
Pemon katun (M2000) katun unknown See Language page Melody Ann Ross, Karina Baeza
Sanumá kale (EM72) kale inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Sikuani nawó:ta unique shared Playero See Language page Jonathan Quintanilla, Rebecca Khorram, PLE
Tukano sipî sipî unique See Language page Ana Paula, Amanda Novak
Kotiria bɨ'rɨ- bɨ'rɨ- inheritance See Language page D. Jagannathan, Tanja Bauerlein
Yanomam karə kaɾə inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Yanomami karë-aɨ kaɾə-aɨ inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Yuhup hi, cædǝh-hi hi, cædǝh-hi inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., Pattie Epps
Arabana kiRa- inheritance Claire Bowern
Bardi djoror jorrorr inheritance Claire Bowern
Bunuba lurru unknown Claire Bowern
Burarra [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Dhangu [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Dhuwal [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Dhuwala [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Diyari ngakanta inheritance Claire Bowern
DiyariREU [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Djambarrpuyngu [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Djapu [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Djinang ngurr giri unknown Claire Bowern
Gajirrabeng X missing Claire Bowern
Gooniyandi [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Gupapuyngu [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Gurindji warrayi ya- unique Claire Bowern
Jabirr-Jabirr djoror jorrorr inheritance Claire Bowern
Jaru [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Karajarri djororo unknown Claire Bowern
Kija X missing Claire Bowern
Malyangapa Mal: ngaka- loan Claire Bowern
Mangala wutanarri (1) unknown Claire Bowern
Miriwung X missing Claire Bowern
Mithaka [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Mudburra nga-lu Claire Bowern
Mudburra lurlurlarra unique Claire Bowern
Ngamini ngakana inheritance Claire Bowern
Ngandi X missing Claire Bowern
Ngarluma yinti-ku Claire Bowern
Ngumbarl yoongurdeej <yoongurdeej> unique Claire Bowern
Nhirrpi [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Nimanburru djoror jorrorr inheritance Claire Bowern
Northern Mangarla wuta Claire Bowern
Northern Nyangumarta [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Nyangumarta warrki-rni (2) unknown Claire Bowern
Nyikina ily ily inheritance Claire Bowern
Nyulnyul djoror jorrorr inheritance Claire Bowern
Paakantyi wamba- unique Claire Bowern
Pirriya [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Pitta-Pitta kirra inheritance Claire Bowern
Rirratjingu [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Ritharrngu rditjkurr'yun unique Claire Bowern
Walmajarri lirrla- inheritance Claire Bowern
Wangkayutyuru kida- inheritance Claire Bowern
Wubuy ara- inheritance? Claire Bowern
Yan-nhangu [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Yandruwandha [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Yarluyandi [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Yawarrawarrka ngakindri inheritance Claire Bowern
Piapoco iwatácawa iwatákawa See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Yavitero huľua huľua See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Wapishana ẓiutʰa-n ẓiutʰa-n unknown See Language page Ana Paula B.
Wayuu apar̃aľa See Language page PLE
Yine ha-po-ha-ta See Language page PLE *Piro-Apuriná form is *ha-po'ha-ta.
Baure pini'ikia-? pini'ikia-? unknown See Language page Anissa Capuccino
Waurá miyãɣa mijãɣa unknown See Language page Joyce McCormick
Bora kʷaápe kʷaápɛ unknown See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Muinane niiβa-ʔi (tone not known), kuu-ʔi niiβa-ʔi (tone not known), kuu-ʔi See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Akawaio yanɨgɨ ('overflow') janɨgɨ unknown See Language page Melody Ann Ross, Lauren Franklin
Wayana sololo -ka sololo -ka loan Wayampi See Language page PLE
Wai Wai nɨ-hč-e-sɨ nɨ-hč-e-sɨ unknown See Language page Melody Ann Ross
Muisca acosynsuca akosɨnsuka See Language page Daniel Valle
Barí širurũ otaḳbari See Language page PLE
Northern Emberá we'a-ɓari 'pour-?' (IDS) we'a-ɓari 'pour-?' (IDS) See Language page Jonathan Quintanilla, PLE
Epena wee- See Language page PLE
Guayabero min ϕol inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., Rebecca Khorram
Cuiva méne píʧipa fluir, flow Huber & Reed 1992:310 Rebecca Khorram
Playero nawóta-rúka See Language page Rebecca Khorram
Cofán ai'jeye aihɛjɛ See Language page Daniel Valle phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS
Taushiro a'cuntu' aʔcunduʔ See Language page Daniel Valle
Páez yuʔ kaseh- (lit. 'water-leave') yuʔ kaseh- (lit. 'water-leave') See Language page Daniel Valle
Tikuna bai bai unique See Language page Daniel Valle, Zach Burnett, PLE
Urarina tʉtʉara 'make flow' tʉtʉara 'make flow' unique See Language page Daniel Valle, PLE
Camsa xtsobuána xtsobuána See Language page Daniel Valle, Anissa Capuchino
Andoke -hʌai -hʌai unique See Language page Kelsey Neely, PLE
Pumé kãmẽ See Language page Paulina Franco, PLE
Puinave [-tau] tau unique See Language page Daniel Valle, Zach Burnett
Ashuar yástin jástin See Language page Daniel Valle
Aguaruna yumi 'pugkanu (IDS) jumi pugkanu unknown See Language page Daniel Valle
Nadëb/Roçado dialect hɨ inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., Pattie Epps
Matses chëuëd tʃɨuɨd unknown See Language page Daniel Valle, Becky Walker
Kakataibo ši'oβu-ti See Language page PLE *Panoan *βai[CV] with related meanings 'current, field, garden, trail, rise in river'.
Katukina ṣ̌iwi- See Language page PLE
Yaminahua βaka βɨ-kĩ See Language page PLE Lit. 'water come (plural)'.
Chácobo wawa- wawa- inheritance See Language page Joyce McCormick
Yagua si si unique See Language page Daniel Valle
Southern Pastaza Quechua shutuna ʃutuna See Language page Daniel Valle
Quechua Ayacuchano sutuy, unyay (CP94) sutuj, unjaj See Language page Daniel Valle, PLE
Piaroa yuhcá'ćia'a' juhk'áɁs'ɁiaɁaɁ unknown See Language page Amanda Novak, Becky Walker
Makuna budi- budi- inheritance See Language page Amanda Novak, D. Jagannathan, Tanja Bauerlein
Yuruti 'óko 'tútuaro 'óko 'tútuaro See Language page Ana Paula; Tanja Baeuerlein
Waikhana bɨ'rɨa- bɨ'rɨa- See Language page Ana Paula; Tanja Baeuerlein
Siriano ũʔ'bã́-juri- ũʔ'bã́-juri- See Language page Ana Paula, Kelsey Neely
Tanimuca hu'ru-ri-ka hu'ru-ri-ka unknown See Language page Kelsey Neely
Tuyuka õ'bãju õ'bãju See Language page D. Jagannathan, Paulina Franco, Ana Paula B.
Waimaja pĩ'ṍ(-), ju'tí 'wáaro pĩ'ṍ(-), ju'tí 'wáaro See Language page Kelsey Neely
Koreguaje jãimʉ xãimʉ inheritance See Language page Daniel Valle
Secoya sa'ico sãʔĩkɔ See Language page Amanda N
Kokama atsɨrɨca atsiɨrɨka inheritance See Language page Zach Burnett, Daniel Valle
Wayampi -pɛy; -sululu -pɛj; -sululu unknown; inheritance? See Language page PLE
Aché kana unique See Language page PLE
Chiriguano sɨrɨ; hɨrɨ inheritance See Language page PLE
Paraguayan Guaraní sɨrɨ See Language page PLE See 'river' 01.360.
Ocaina dsooro, dsoou dzooro; dzooɯ inheritance See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Nɨpode Witoto dó-de dó-dɛ See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz
Minica Witoto tó-te tó-tɛ See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz
Murui Witoto tote (el rio or agua en canal), dɨrue tiode (sangre) totɛ (el rio or agua en canal), dɯruɛ tiodɛ (sangre) (B83) inheritance See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Iquito sisiini sisiini unknown See Language page Cynthia Hansen
Wari weo, weweweo weo, weweweo See Language page PLE
Tacana wiðoi- See Language page PLE
Cavineña hori-ya hori-ya unknown See Language page Joyce McCormick, Becky Walker
Central Aymara xala-ɲa See Language page PLE
Kwazá hy- hy- See Language page Joyce McCormick
Mosetén-Chimané ča'ĩ See Language page Joyce McCormick, PLE
Movima sa-βau-tiʔi sa-βau-tiʔi See Language page Anissa Capuccino, Becky Walker
Trumai misu tururu misu tururu unique See Language page Rebekah L. Evans, PLE
Kaingang yɨyɨɲ he (IDS) yɨyɨɲ he See Language page PLE
Chipaya oxk-š See Language page PLE Such as the river.
Mocoví i-ʔpaʁan-ek See Language page PLE Lit. '3p actor-flow-out'.
Pilagá 'nat-eege See Language page PLE
Toba i-paʁan See Language page PLE
Lengua #NAME? See Language page PLE Also means 'go' 10.470; cf. 'move' 10.110.
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité (yimin) akyiŋama See Language page PLE Contains characteristic of water/liquid.
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet ayenyeem See Language page PLE
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay i-lo'hʷel See Language page PLE Also the verb yik, 'go' is used.
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja #NAME? See Language page PLE
Maca xey naʔ haḳḳiʔ See Language page PLE Refers to river flowing.
Nivaclé -tˀiȼxey flow https://ids.clld.org/ PLE
Ayoreo čaa'yoʔ See Language page PLE Refers to river flowing 10.460.
Mapudungun wiṭ͡ʀu See Language page PLE Ranquel form is weyu-.
Qawasqar c̷elḳwas See Language page PLE
Selknam ḳˀà See Language page PLE
Lokono malakydyn malakɨdɨn flow Pet 1987:358 Camille Unger
Kariña apeina apeina flow Yamada 2010:714 Camille Unger