Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

flower

Semantic Field
environment
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
flor
Meaning Portuguese
flor

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes Source Created By General Notes
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone hypinky-ppyh inheritance Jane Hill
Cahuilla se'-ish inheritance S&H 1979 Jane Hill
Chemehuevi sy7i/p(i) inheritance Jane Hill
Chumash Barbareno spej' inheritance Klar 1977:25 Jane Hill
Chumash Cruzeno t-spe7-cI (language?? “Old Placido” inheritance JPH Jane Hill
Chumash Ineseno s-pej' (Klar has pej') inheritance A 218 Jane Hill
Chumash Obispeno (ch)pe(7 in JPH) inheritance Klar 1977:25 Jane Hill
Chumash Ventureno (c,s)pe7ey inheritance Klar 1977:25 Jane Hill
Cocopa supa/ny, Smal su:pa/ny unknown Jane Hill
Comanche totsiyaa7 inheritance Jane Hill
Cupeño -$he'e [șɨɁə] inheritance Jane Hill
Gabrielino 7a$o:n, 7a$o:yn, 7a$wi:n, 7a$owi:n inheritance Jane Hill
Iipay 'Aa wetaph [wəˈt̯apɰ̥]? This sequence not discussed in sources inheritance Jane Hill
Kawaiisu hyvi-vi inheritance Jane Hill
Kiliwa t-p-yaw-p unknown Jane Hill
Kitanemuk 7a-shy inheritance Jane Hill
Lake Miwok pa/kah inheritance Jane Hill
Luiseño So:7 (possessed only) inheritance Jane Hill
Maidu jo/ inheritance Jane Hill
Mojave 7ichipaq unknown Jane Hill
Mutsun ti:wis 0 24 unknown O77:24 Jane Hill
Nisenan jo: inheritance Jane Hill
Northern Paiute tOnika “flower” [toni/ja] unknown Thornes 03:37 Jane Hill
Northern Sierra Miwok lo:jem(:)a-, lo:je:ma- inheritance Jane Hill
Plains Miwok wile-, wule- inheritance Jane Hill
Salinan A makawi/7 (A), unknown Jane Hill
Salinan M makewe/ unknown Mason 1918:129 Jane Hill
Seri (Comcaac) yapxOt (copxOt “florecer”) unknown Jane Hill
Serrano 0 inheritance Jane Hill
Southern Paiute cy7y-G inheritance Jane Hill
Southern Sierra Miwok lo:je- inheritance Jane Hill
Southern Ute si7irY inheritance Jane Hill
Tübatulabal ipiil loan Jane Hill
Tümpisa Shoshone hipingkyppyh, hipingkyntyn inheritance Jane Hill
Wappo 7o-ca/we inheritance Jane Hill
Washo dawp'áp'ɨl unknown Washo Project Jane Hill
Western Mono hy/biga/7 inheritance Jane Hill
Wintu luli inheritance Jane Hill
Yavapai ta/vsi, ta/wsi inheritance Jane Hill
Yokuts Yawdanchi 7e:taw inheritance K07:243, G64 Jane Hill
Yokuts Yowlumne 7e:law inheritance Golla 1964 62; Jane Hill
Yuki 7in' ka,wa,m, 7inka,wom inheritance S&S 1984 Jane Hill
Baniwa íiwi íiwi inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B.
Carijona ehɨrɨ inheritance See Language page Melody Ann Ross, Zach Burnett, PLE
Cubeo cóvᵾ cóvɨ inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely; Tanja Baeuerlein
Dâw çoò cɔ̂ inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., Pattie Epps
Desano gori goɾi inheritance See Language page Ana Paula; Tanja Baeuerlein
Eñepa -yipin; ehčipipin (IDS) -jipin; ehtʃipipin (IDS) inheritance See Language page Melody Ann Ross
Hodï bu unique See Language page Paulina Franco, Bettie Gonzalez
Waorani õgaĩ unique See Language page Paulina Franco, Bettie Gonzalez, PLE
Hup j’ɔ́ ɟ’ɔ́ inheritance See Language page Pattie Epps
Kakua ʧâ loan Nadahup: Hup c'ɔ; Hup ɔ > Kakua a; Nukak term distinct See Language page Katherine Bolaños
Makushi yariʔku (IDS) yariʔku (IDS) inheritance N Amaz subgroup See Language page Melody Ann Ross
Nheengatu putira putiɾa inheritance Tikuna See Language page John Blaha, Lauren Franklin
Ninam nakših (EM72) nakʃih unique See Language page Kelsey Neely
Nukak kɛʔɛ4 unique See Language page Lauren Franklin
Maihiki jada ja xada xã inheritance See Language page Daniel Valle
Pemon yariku (A1981); yari'ku (M2000) dʒaɾiku (A1981) inheritance N Amaz subgroup See Language page Melody Ann Ross, Karina Baeza
Resígaro giiví giiví inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B.
Sanumá holehole (EM72) holehole inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Sikuani matapaju (3) pe-matóno-to inheritance See Language page Jonathan Quintanilla, Rebecca Khorram, PLE
Tariana díwi díwi inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B.
Tukano oʔôro oʔôro inheritance E-W Tuk See Language page Ana Paula, Amanda Novak
Kotiria cohoro (Waltz) kohoɾo (Waltz) inheritance E-W Tuk See Language page D. Jagannathan, Tanja Bauerlein
Yanomam horehore hoɾehoɾe inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Yanomami horehore hoɾehoɾe inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Yukuna iwijí iwihí inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Yuhup c'ɔ̂h c'ɔ̂h inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., Pattie Epps
Arabana punpu inheritance Claire Bowern
Bardi bo""b buub inheritance Claire Bowern
Bunuba wirruwu unknown Claire Bowern
Burarra -jawanyja unknown Claire Bowern
Dhangu 2859 inheritance Claire Bowern
Dhuwal 2859 Claire Bowern
Dhuwala [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Diyari punpo inheritance Claire Bowern
DiyariREU [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Djambarrpuyngu [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Djapu [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Djinang wurrki inheritance Claire Bowern
Gajirrabeng thawaleng inheritance Claire Bowern
Gooniyandi jiga inheritance Claire Bowern
Gupapuyngu wurrki inheritance Claire Bowern
Gurindji yirna inheritance Claire Bowern
Jabirr-Jabirr bo""b buub inheritance Claire Bowern
Jaru yuru unique Claire Bowern
Jawi maroo marru inheritance Claire Bowern
Karajarri wam wam loan Claire Bowern
Kija thawala-m inheritance Claire Bowern
Malyangapa [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Mangala milirrngu pupu loan Claire Bowern
Miriwung thawaleng inheritance Claire Bowern
Mithaka [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Mudburra yina Claire Bowern
Mudburra yina unique Claire Bowern
Ngamini punpo inheritance Claire Bowern
Ngandi mo-ngorro inheritance Claire Bowern
Ngarluma birdibirdi Claire Bowern
Ngumbarl nyeemarr <nyeemarr> unique Claire Bowern
Nhirrpi [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Nimanburru bo""b buub inheritance Claire Bowern
Northern Mangarla malarti Claire Bowern
Northern Nyangumarta milpamilpa loan Claire Bowern
Nyangumarta pupu unknown Claire Bowern
Nyikina booboo bubu inheritance Claire Bowern
Nyulnyul bo""b buub inheritance Claire Bowern
Paakantyi buṇi unique Claire Bowern
Pirriya [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Pitta-Pitta [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Rirratjingu [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Ritharrngu dhangarra' inheritance Claire Bowern
Walmajarri partiri inheritance Claire Bowern
Wangkayutyuru [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Warrwa guriya kuriya inheritance Claire Bowern
Worrorra 'marrugu (FM) 'marrugu (FM) loan Bardi Claire Bowern
Wubuy dhangarrang loan Claire Bowern
Yan-nhangu wurrkiyirri inheritance Claire Bowern
Yandruwandha idraidra unique Claire Bowern
Yarluyandi [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Yawarrawarrka punpo inheritance Claire Bowern
Yawuru bubu bubu inheritance Claire Bowern
Achagua íwinaʃi íwinaʃi inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Piapoco íiwinási íiwinási See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Kabiyari ʔi:winási ʔi:winási See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Yavitero jlóre hlóre See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Wapishana [-]suusu [-]suusu inheritance Proto-Arawak See Language page Ana Paula B.
Wayuu hɨ-si See Language page PLE
Yine hwɨ ~ howɨ See Language page PLE *Piro-Apuriná form is *'hõwi.
Paresi iyiti, niye iyiti, niye inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Ignaciano [flure] See Language page PLE From Span. 'flor'.
Trinitario -ohʔu See Language page PLE
Baure čomomoe' tʃomomoe' unknown See Language page Anissa Capuccino
Waurá #NAME? #NAME? unknown See Language page Joyce McCormick
Cha'palaa 'lʸu-lʸu See Language page PLE
Bora kʷaxkʰo kʷaxkʰo unique See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Muinane déeka, tá-dʸeeka-no (my flowers) dέɛka, tá-dʲɛɛka-no (my flowɛrs) See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Akawaio yöi ariikkuu jöi a'riʔku inheritance Pemongan See Language page Melody Ann Ross, Lauren Franklin
Apalai ekuru ekuru inheritance See Language page Rebekah L. Evans
Wayana eku eku inheritance See Language page PLE
Tiriyó ipëmu ipǝmu unique See Language page Becky Walker
Makiritare čə̄hɨdɨ (IDS) čə̄hɨdɨ (IDS) inheritance See Language page Melody Ann Ross, Karina Baeza
Mapoyo tëpiri tɛpiri See Language page Melody Ann Ross
Wai Wai ∅-eΦermutu-n ∅-eΦermutu-n inheritance See Language page Melody Ann Ross
Waimiri Atroari epyryry epɨrɨrɨ See Language page Melody Ann Ross, PLE
Yabarana tɨ'pɨɾɨ See Language page Ana Paula B., John Blaha
Yukpa pejoya, pesoso, rore, uepejojo, vipisoso, yepeso, yupejo, yupeso, yupiso See Language page Ana Paula B., Melody Ann Ross
Muisca uba uβa See Language page Daniel Valle
Barí tootubi See Language page PLE Colombia: totu'birə.
Northern Emberá néephono néephono See Language page Jonathan Quintanilla, PLE
Epena (ne-)'pʰono See Language page PLE Lit. '(gen.)-flower'.
Guayabero patál inheritance Proto-Guahiban See Language page Ana Paula B., Rebecca Khorram
Macaguan pe-mátan inheritance Proto-Guahiban See Language page Ana Paula B., Rebecca Khorram
Cuiva pe-ntón-to flor, flower Huber & Reed 1992:155 Rebecca Khorram
Playero pe-mátonó-to See Language page Rebecca Khorram
Cofán te'ta tɛʔta See Language page Daniel Valle phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS
Candoshi-Shapra chápó tʃápó unique See Language page Daniel Valle
Taushiro avane'que awanɨʔkɨ See Language page Daniel Valle
Páez quite kite See Language page Daniel Valle
Tikuna putɨɾa loan Nheengatu See Language page Daniel Valle, Zach Burnett, PLE
Urarina ïhane ʉhane unique See Language page Daniel Valle, PLE
Camsa wantɕebxú-ʃa wantɕebxú-ʃa See Language page Daniel Valle, Anissa Capuchino
Andoke #NAME? #NAME? unique See Language page Kelsey Neely, PLE
Pumé chjuchjú See Language page Paulina Franco, PLE
Puinave suksu suksu unique cf. Pume See Language page Daniel Valle, Zach Burnett
Ashuar yangkúr jaŋkur See Language page Daniel Valle
Huambisa yagkur jaŋkur See Language page Daniel Valle
Aguaruna yagkúg jangkung inheritance See Language page Daniel Valle
Nadëb/Roçado dialect ɉo̰:h inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., Pattie Epps
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect ɉo̰:h See Language page Ana Paula B., Pattie Epps
Matses bacuë, cuëte bush bakuɨ, kuɨte bush unique See Language page Daniel Valle, Becky Walker
Kakataibo oa See Language page PLE Also ɲuu oa [ɲuu 'thing']. *Panoan *oa.
Katukina howa See Language page PLE
Pacahuara 'hoa; řeṣ̌'pana See Language page PLE The latter is a kind of flower. d'Orb nixua.
Shipibo-Konibo hoa See Language page PLE
Yaminahua čaro See Language page PLE
Chácobo hoa; niʔi hoa hoa; niʔi hoa inheritance See Language page Joyce McCormick
Yagua dabi dabi unique; loan Quechua See Language page Daniel Valle
Southern Pastaza Quechua sisa sisa See Language page Daniel Valle
Ingá tugtu tugtu See Language page Daniel Valle
Napo Lowland Quichua sisa sisa See Language page Daniel Valle
Quechua Ayacuchano wayta wajta See Language page Daniel Valle, PLE
Piaroa e'u', e'u'thɨh orquídea eɁuɁ, eɁu'thɨh orkídea unique See Language page Amanda Novak, Becky Walker
Sáliva sehbahpu seʔbaʔpu unique See Language page Becky Walker
Bará o'oro See Language page Kelsey Neely, Tanja Baeuerlein
Barasano goo-ro goo-ro See Language page D. Jagannathan, Tanja Baeuerlein
Carapana o'ó-ro o'ó-ro See Language page Amanda Novak, Tanja Baeuerlein
Makuna go go inheritance See Language page Amanda Novak, D. Jagannathan, Tanja Bauerlein
Yuruti kóo-ri kóo-ri See Language page Ana Paula; Tanja Baeuerlein
Waikhana ko'ʔo-ro ko'ʔo-ro See Language page Ana Paula; Tanja Baeuerlein
Siriano goʔ'ó goʔ'ó See Language page Ana Paula, Kelsey Neely
Tanimuca õ'õ ri'ka õ'õ ri'ka inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Tatuyo o'ó-ro o'ó-ro See Language page Emily Buell, Paulina Franco
Tuyuka ko'ó-ro ko'ó-ro See Language page D. Jagannathan, Paulina Franco, Ana Paula B.
Waimaja ó ó See Language page Kelsey Neely
Koreguaje korosi pa'pava korosi paʔpaba unique See Language page Daniel Valle
Siona chachahua, coro, rojo tʃatʃawa, koro, roho unique See Language page Kelsey Neely
Secoya joro hɔ'řɔ See Language page Amanda N
Karitiana ewosiit ewosiit unknown See Language page Daniel Valle
Kokama sisa sisa loan Quechua See Language page Zach Burnett, Daniel Valle
Wayampi pɔtɨ pɔtɨ inheritance See Language page PLE
Aché putɨ inheritance See Language page PLE
Chiriguano (če-)'potɨ inheritance See Language page PLE
Paraguayan Guaraní ɨvotɨ See Language page PLE
Sirionó euti euti inheritance See Language page Joyce McCormick, Becky Walker
Kamayurá potɨt potɨt inheritance See Language page Rebekah L. Evans
Ocaina tsíín (noun), tsiiin (verb) tsĩ́ĩ(noun), tsĩ́ĩĩ́(verb) unique See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Nɨpode Witoto tápi.a, múdʒeba tápi.a, múdʒɛba See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz
Minica Witoto θáɸi.a θáɸi.a See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz
Murui Witoto θaɸi.a θaɸi.a inheritance/Witoto See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Iquito íniisi íniisi unique See Language page Cynthia Hansen
Záparo nukawiku nukawiku See Language page Becky Walker
Wari piwain; wiyein piwain; wijein See Language page PLE The latter means 'blossom'.
Araona ec̷a See Language page PLE *Tacn form is *šaša.
Ese Ejja šaaša inheritance See Language page PLE
Ese Ejja/Huarayo e-šaša e-šaša See Language page Joyce McCormick
Tacana šaša See Language page PLE
Cavineña šaša šaša inheritance See Language page Joyce McCormick, Becky Walker
Central Aymara panqara panḳara See Language page PLE
Cayuvava čɔæ ~ čɔe See Language page PLE
Kwazá -ũ -ũ See Language page Joyce McCormick
Mosetén-Chimané haa'me See Language page Joyce McCormick, PLE
Movima morin-kʷa morin-kʷa See Language page Anissa Capuccino, Becky Walker
Kaingang fej #NAME? See Language page PLE
Suyá ywĩrã jwĩrã See Language page Rebekah Evans
Karajá noiǰesa See Language page PLE
Djeoromitxi hawa hawa See Language page PLE
Chipaya pʰaxḳalʸa See Language page PLE
Mocoví le-noy-aʁai See Language page PLE Lit. 'prefix-flower-adj (fem)'.
Pilagá l-aʔwo See Language page PLE The root can refer to flowers or frills.
Toba l-awo-ʁo; l-asowi-aʁa See Language page PLE Both forms lit. '3p possessor-to flower-action (nom)'. Cf. 14.750.
Lengua panakte ithnamuk See Language page PLE
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité panaktima aɬnimok See Language page PLE
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet eɬnamok; kookes See Language page PLE
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay ɬa-'wu See Language page PLE Lit. 'fruit-agent'.
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja lawo (m.) See Language page PLE
Maca ɬʔopˀom (f.) See Language page PLE
Nivaclé ɬ-ɔwo flower https://ids.clld.org/ PLE
Ayoreo a'sige See Language page PLE A small f.; also 'kuča-a'sige; a large f. is po'n̥aa-ŋe, means 'blown up'.
Mapudungun rayen See Language page PLE Ranquel form is čičiken.
Qawasqar yeḳstas See Language page PLE Sk, Bo record yekstaɬ for Central QWS. Fi, Hy record yekstaɬ for South QWS.