Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

foot

Semantic Field
body
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
pie
Meaning Portuguese
pé

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes Source Created By General Notes
Bankalachi Toloim in'-gahl “his foot”; tat'-tut “foot” 175 inheritance Jane Hill
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone nampai inheritance Jane Hill
Cahuilla -'i- inheritance S&H 1979 Jane Hill
Central Sierra Miwok ha/T:e:- inheritance Jane Hill
Chemehuevi namp(a)/, ta- inheritance Jane Hill
Chumash Barbareno 7yl inheritance Beeler 78 Jane Hill
Chumash Ineseno tem' inheritance Klar 1977:88 Jane Hill
Chumash Obispeno teme7 inheritance Klar 1977:89 Jane Hill
Chumash Ventureno tem' inheritance Klar 1977:88 Jane Hill
Cocopa 7imi:/ inheritance Jane Hill
Comanche naapE inheritance Jane Hill
Cupeño -xuchi [xutʃi] unknown Jane Hill
Esselen kxe/le loan direction unknown Shaul 1995 Jane Hill
Gabrielino ne-ne:v inheritance Jane Hill
Iipay 'Aa emily [əˈmɪʎ] inheritance Jane Hill
Kawaiisu nabi-vi inheritance Jane Hill
Kiliwa ny-7-miy inheritance Jane Hill
Kitanemuk cakac inheritance Jane Hill
Lake Miwok ko/lo inheritance Jane Hill
Luiseño 7e-t inheritance Jane Hill
Maidu pa\ji/ inheritance Jane Hill
Mojave iime (= leg), iime kutharap inheritance Jane Hill
Mutsun -koro inheritance O77:53 Jane Hill
Nisenan paj; inheritance Jane Hill
Northern Paiute kyky- inheritance Thornes 03:219 Jane Hill
Northern Sierra Miwok kolo- inheritance Jane Hill
Plains Miwok kolo- inheritance Jane Hill
Salinan A icxe:/u (A) unknown Turner 1980 p 59) Jane Hill
Salinan M icxe:/p unknown Mason 1918:126 Jane Hill
Seri (Comcaac) ito/aa (xatj) unknown Jane Hill
Serrano navY:-T inheritance Jane Hill
Southern Paiute nampa-S, nampa-vi; ta- instr pref inheritance Jane Hill
Southern Sierra Miwok haT:e- inheritance Jane Hill
Southern Ute napA inheritance Jane Hill
Tübatulabal yngky-l inheritance Jane Hill
Tümpisa Shoshone nampe inheritance Jane Hill
Wappo phe7 inheritance Jane Hill
Washo ma/yab unknown J373 Jane Hill
Western Mono ky/ky/ inheritance Jane Hill
Wintu mah inheritance Jane Hill
Yavapai mi/ “foot; bits (in money)” inheritance Jane Hill
Yokuts Palewyami cayAtel unique K 1963 Jane Hill
Yokuts Yawdanchi wutong inheritance K07:236 Jane Hill
Yokuts Yowlumne taT'at' inheritance Golla 1964:62 Jane Hill
Yuki mepan, mipan inheritance S&S 1984 Jane Hill
Yuma i:me/ H3:207 inheritance Jane Hill
Baniwa -híipa -híipa inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B.
Carijona hunu inheritance See Language page Melody Ann Ross, Zach Burnett, PLE
Cubeo cʉboba kɨboba inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely; Tanja Baeuerlein
Dâw çʉʉ̀m cɨ̂m inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., Pattie Epps
Desano guburu guburu inheritance See Language page Ana Paula; Tanja Baeuerlein
Eñepa pata; y-ihta- pata; j-ihta- inheritance See Language page Melody Ann Ross
Hodï mehna unique See Language page Paulina Franco, Bettie Gonzalez
Waorani ǫ́nǫ́wa doubtful loan Jivaro, e.g. Ashuar náwe See Language page Paulina Franco, Bettie Gonzalez, PLE
Hup j'ǐb ɟ’ǐb inheritance See Language page Pattie Epps
Kakua híʧa unknown See Language page Katherine Bolaños
Makushi púúpú púúpú unique See Language page Melody Ann Ross
Nheengatu pí pí inheritance See Language page John Blaha, Lauren Franklin
Ninam mãhuk, mãhe (EM72) mãhuk, mãhe (EM72) inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Nukak tʔɨ̃i4att unknown See Language page Lauren Franklin
Maihiki ɨopɨ ja ɨ̃õpi xã inheritance See Language page Daniel Valle
Pemon ta (A1981); pɨta (E1980); putato (M2000) ta (A1981); pɨta (E1980) inheritance See Language page Melody Ann Ross, Karina Baeza
Resígaro hii?pú hiiʔpú inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B.
Sanumá pili ami pili ami inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Sikuani pe-táxu inheritance See Language page Jonathan Quintanilla, Rebecca Khorram, PLE
Tariana dhipáma dʰipáma inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B.
Tukano dʉ'pócã dɨ'pókã inheritance E Tuk, at least Branch 2 See Language page Ana Paula, Amanda Novak
Kotiria da'po daʔpo inheritance E Tuk, at least Branch 2 See Language page D. Jagannathan, Tanja Bauerlein
Yanomam mafuk (EM72) mafuk (EM72) inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Yanomami pei mamikɨ pei mamikɨ inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Yukuna ji'imaji hiʔimahi inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Yuhup c'îb c'îb inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., Pattie Epps
Arabana thidna inheritance Claire Bowern
Bardi jambal XXngl hind flippers of turtle jambal inheritance Claire Bowern
Bunuba thinga inheritance Claire Bowern
Burarra jugurra unknown Claire Bowern
Dhangu rnuku unknown Claire Bowern
Dhuwal baŋgina unknown Claire Bowern
Dhuwala baŋgina unknown Claire Bowern
Diyari tina inheritance Claire Bowern
DiyariREU tidna inheritance Claire Bowern
Djambarrpuyngu baŋgina unknown Claire Bowern
Djapu rluku inheritance Claire Bowern
Djinang rnu unknown Claire Bowern
Gajirrabeng yambalng inheritance Claire Bowern
Gooniyandi thinga inheritance Claire Bowern
Gupapuyngu baŋgina unknown Claire Bowern
Gurindji jamana loan Claire Bowern
Jabirr-Jabirr djambel XXngl hind flippers of turtle jambel inheritance Claire Bowern
Jaru jamana loan Claire Bowern
Jawi nimbal nimbal inheritance Claire Bowern
Karajarri jina inheritance Claire Bowern
Kija thamparla- inheritance Claire Bowern
Malyangapa tina inheritance Claire Bowern
Mangala kantijarr inheritance Claire Bowern
Miriwung yambalng inheritance Claire Bowern
Mithaka tina inheritance Claire Bowern
Mudburra yili Claire Bowern
Mudburra yunba inheritance Claire Bowern
Ngamini dina inheritance Claire Bowern
Ngandi gu-dheng inheritance Claire Bowern
Ngarluma jina Claire Bowern
Ngumbarl nimbal nimbal inheritance Claire Bowern
Nhirrpi thina inheritance Claire Bowern
Nimanburru -mbal -mbal inheritance Claire Bowern
Northern Mangarla jina Claire Bowern
Northern Nyangumarta jina inheritance Claire Bowern
Nyangumarta jina inheritance Claire Bowern
Nyikina kardijina kardijina inheritance Claire Bowern
Nyulnyul nabala nabala inheritance Claire Bowern
Paakantyi tinna inheritance Claire Bowern
Pirriya ðina inheritance Claire Bowern
Pitta-Pitta thina inheritance Claire Bowern
Rirratjingu ṉuku Claire Bowern
Ritharrngu rluku inheritance Claire Bowern
Walmajarri jina inheritance Claire Bowern
Wangkayutyuru thina inheritance Claire Bowern
Warrwa -yambala -yambala inheritance Claire Bowern
Wubuy muun unique Claire Bowern
Yan-nhangu djalkiri unknown Claire Bowern
Yandruwandha thina inheritance Claire Bowern
Yarluyandi thina inheritance Claire Bowern
Yawarrawarrka tidna inheritance Claire Bowern
Yawuru niwal XXngl also `footprint'. niwal inheritance Claire Bowern
Achagua íba íba inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Piapoco abàli abàli See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Kabiyari híipa híipa See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Yavitero c̷ic̷i tsitsi See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Bare isi isi See Language page Ana Paula B.
Wapishana -kʰiˀdiˀba -kʰiˀdiˀba inheritance Proto-Arawak See Language page Ana Paula B.
Wayuu to-uui See Language page PLE
Yine xitʸi See Language page PLE 'Sole of foot' is stap-xitʸi. *Piro-Apuriná form is *'kiti.
Paresi ikiji, kijiti ikitʃi, kitʃiti inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Ignaciano -'i-wape See Language page PLE
Trinitario #NAME? See Language page PLE Big foot is -'upewo.
Baure ni'poih ni'poih inheritance? See Language page Anissa Capuccino
Waurá #NAME? -ki-¢apa inheritance See Language page Joyce McCormick
Arutani šate ʃate See Language page John Blaha
Sape ikora ikoɾa See Language page John Blaha
Cha'palaa 'neepa See Language page PLE The sole of the foot is 'ne-ʔ-'ahka. Also 'ne-'milʸa, foot of animal or furniture. See 'leg' 04.350. Cf. 'walk' 10.450.
Bora (mé)-xtʰḯʔaá (mέ)-xtʰɯ́ʔaá inheritance See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Muinane tɨ-ʔai tɨ-ʔai See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Akawaio pɨda pɨda inheritance Proto-Carib See Language page Melody Ann Ross, Lauren Franklin
Akawaio/Ingariko dialect pïʔta pɯʔta See Language page Lauren Franklin
Apalai pupu pupu inheritance See Language page Rebekah L. Evans
Wayana puupu puupu inheritance See Language page PLE
Tiriyó (pu)pu (pu)pu inheritance See Language page Becky Walker
Makiritare hūdu (IDS); u'hu (KH) hu:du (IDS); uʔhu (KH) inheritance See Language page Melody Ann Ross, Karina Baeza
Mapoyo ta-ri (u-ta-'bë); teperu-'bë (toe); yeme'kunu yumu (big toe, lit. father of the foot) ta-ri (u-ta-'bɛ); teperu-'bɛ (toe); jeme'kunu jumu (big toe, lit. father of the foot) See Language page Melody Ann Ross
Wai Wai o-hta-rɨ o-hta-rɨ inheritance See Language page Melody Ann Ross
Waimiri Atroari se se See Language page Melody Ann Ross, PLE
Yabarana ehnəsta'kunu See Language page Ana Paula B., John Blaha
Yukpa ninse dʒuse See Language page Ana Paula B., Melody Ann Ross
Kalapalo tapïgï tapɨgɨ inheritance See Language page Joyce McCormick
Muisca quihicha kuihiʂa See Language page Daniel Valle
Barí kihtuu See Language page PLE Colombia: kixturə. *Chibchan form is *sa'kã.
Northern Emberá hĩrˈu, hĩrú hĩrˈu, hĩrú See Language page Jonathan Quintanilla, PLE
Epena 'hĩru See Language page PLE Also means 'leg'. Also 'bɨɨrɨ, which also means 'bone'. Note symmetry with 'arm, hand' 04.310, 04.330.
Guayabero tɨ́ak inheritance Proto-Guahiban See Language page Ana Paula B., Rebecca Khorram
Macaguan pe-tkut inheritance Proto-Guahiban See Language page Ana Paula B., Rebecca Khorram
Cuiva pe-táxu pie, foot Huber & Reed 1992:29 Rebecca Khorram, Maria Castillo
Cofán tsu´tte tsɯʔthɛ See Language page Daniel Valle phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS
Candoshi-Shapra kotsich kotsitʃ unique See Language page Daniel Valle
Taushiro to (feet) to (feet) See Language page Daniel Valle
Páez chinda tʃinda See Language page Daniel Valle
Tikuna nacutü [2-3, 4, 3] nakutɨ unique See Language page Daniel Valle, Zach Burnett, PLE
Urarina tihja tihja unique See Language page Daniel Valle, PLE
Camsa ʃekuá-tɕe ʃekuá-tɕe See Language page Daniel Valle, Anissa Capuchino
Andoke -dʌka -dʌka unique See Language page Kelsey Neely, PLE
Pumé tá See Language page Paulina Franco, PLE
Tinigua tsɨʔkiena See Language page Zach Burnett
Puinave #NAME? #NAME? unique See Language page Daniel Valle, Zach Burnett
Máku basuku (morphologically complex?) basuku (morphologically complex?) See Language page PLE
Warao omu omu See Language page John Blaha
Ashuar náwe nawɯ See Language page Daniel Valle
Huambisa nawe nawɨ See Language page Daniel Valle
Aguaruna dáwe dáwɨ inheritance See Language page Daniel Valle
Nadëb/Roçado dialect ɟɨːm inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., Pattie Epps
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect ɟɨːm See Language page Ana Paula B., Pattie Epps
Matses taë taɨ inheritance See Language page Daniel Valle, Becky Walker
Kakataibo taɨ See Language page PLE Cf. 'root'. *Panoan *taʔɨ.
Katukina taʔɨ See Language page PLE Also means 'bottom' 12.340.
Pacahuara 'taʔɨ See Language page PLE d'Orb tahe. Heath tae, {tá-e}. Arm tahe.
Shipibo-Konibo taɨ See Language page PLE Palm of the foot is taɨ-napaṣ̌.
Yaminahua taɨ See Language page PLE
Chácobo ta-ʔɨ ta-ʔɨ inheritance See Language page Joyce McCormick
Yagua numutu numutu unique See Language page Daniel Valle
Southern Pastaza Quechua chaqui tʃaki See Language page Daniel Valle
Ingá chaki tʃaki See Language page Daniel Valle
Napo Lowland Quichua chaqui tʃaki See Language page Daniel Valle
Quechua Ayacuchano chaki tʃaki See Language page Daniel Valle, PLE
Piaroa chijepu tʃĩhẽpũ inheritance See Language page Amanda Novak, Becky Walker
Sáliva jahba haʔba inheritance See Language page Becky Walker
Bará dɨ'po See Language page Kelsey Neely, Tanja Baeuerlein
Barasano gɨbo gɨbo See Language page D. Jagannathan, Tanja Baeuerlein
Carapana rʉpo ɾɨpɔ See Language page Amanda Novak, Tanja Baeuerlein
Makuna gɨbo gɨbo inheritance See Language page Amanda Novak, D. Jagannathan, Tanja Bauerlein
Yuruti dɨ́po dɨ́po See Language page Ana Paula; Tanja Baeuerlein
Waikhana daʔ'pokã daʔ'pokã See Language page Ana Paula; Tanja Baeuerlein
Siriano guubú guubú See Language page Ana Paula, Kelsey Neely
Tanimuca ũʔ'pua ũʔ'pua inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Tatuyo rɨ'pó rɨ'pó See Language page Emily Buell, Paulina Franco
Tuyuka dɨ'po dɨʔpo See Language page D. Jagannathan, Paulina Franco, Ana Paula B.
Waimaja duᵽó duɸó See Language page Kelsey Neely
Koreguaje cũ'apu kũʔapu inheritance See Language page Daniel Valle
Siona kˀɨõ kˀɨõ inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Secoya quëojahua kɨ̃ɔhawa See Language page Amanda N
Karitiana pi pi inheritance See Language page Daniel Valle
Kokama pɨta pɨta inheritance See Language page Zach Burnett, Daniel Valle
Wayampi pɨ pɨ inheritance See Language page PLE
Aché pɨčã inheritance See Language page PLE
Chiriguano (čẽ-)pɨ inheritance See Language page PLE
Paraguayan Guaraní pɨ See Language page PLE
Sirionó ei ei inheritance See Language page Joyce McCormick, Becky Walker
Kamayurá pɨ (K12) pɨ (K12) inheritance See Language page Rebekah L. Evans
Ocaina uhyóó(ga) ɯʔjóó(ga) inheritance See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Nɨpode Witoto e.ḯ-ba ɛ.ɯ́-ba See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz
Minica Witoto é.ï-ba έ.ɯ-ba See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz
Murui Witoto e.ï-ǰï ɛ.ɯ-dʒɯ inheritance See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Iquito titíca; iínuhua (archaic form, used for people only) titíka; iínuwa (archaic form, used for people only) unique; inheritance See Language page Cynthia Hansen
Záparo inyawka injawka See Language page Becky Walker
Wari kašimašiʔ (kašim) kaʃimaʃiʔ (kaʃim) See Language page PLE Cf. 'root' 08.540.
Araona wac̷i See Language page PLE *Tacn form is *e-wači.
Ese Ejja e-hioxi; [or exioxi] ???e-wasi unknown See Language page PLE
Ese Ejja/Huarayo e-hio-xi e-hio-xi See Language page Joyce McCormick
Tacana e-wac̷i; e-c̷aha See Language page PLE The latter includes foot and ankle; also refers to animal foot.
Cavineña e-wači e-wači inheritance See Language page Joyce McCormick, Becky Walker
Central Aymara kayu kayu See Language page PLE
Cayuvava he; a-hæ-i; ta-he See Language page PLE Latter is 'my foot'.
Itonama oh-niʔpara See Language page PLE 'Sole of the foot' is oh-nino.
Kwazá dykudji, dytoha, -toha, coha, -djo dykudji, dytoha, -toha, coha, -djo See Language page Joyce McCormick
Mosetén-Chimané yœh See Language page Joyce McCormick, PLE
Movima ɓari-kʷa ɓari-kʷa See Language page Anissa Capuccino, Becky Walker
Trumai pitsʔ(-ake); i pitsʔ(-ake); i unique See Language page Rebekah L. Evans, PLE
Kaingang pẽn #NAME? See Language page PLE
Canela tu- See Language page PLE
Karajá wa See Language page PLE
Djeoromitxi pfü, pa ɸø, pa See Language page PLE
Chipaya ḳx̣oxča See Language page PLE wata means 'foot (of animal)'.
Mocoví l-apiaʔ See Language page PLE
Pilagá l-'apiaʔ See Language page PLE
Toba l-apiaʔ See Language page PLE
Lengua #NAME? See Language page PLE
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité ap-minik; amnik See Language page PLE
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet eŋmenek See Language page PLE
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay -pˀa'čˀu See Language page PLE Also see 'calf of leg' 04.352.
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja -kalaʔ ~ -kyala (m.) See Language page PLE
Maca -fʔiʔ (m.) See Language page PLE
Nivaclé -foʔ foot https://ids.clld.org/ PLE
Ayoreo 'giidaai See Language page PLE
Mapudungun n̯amun̯ See Language page PLE Ranquel forms: namun; maṭ͡ʀa.
Qawasqar ḳʰat See Language page PLE Also means 'leg' 04.350. Bo, Co record the same for Central QWS. Fi, Hy record kʰot-lekolkol for South QWS.
Selknam hal-yeʔn See Language page PLE
Tehuelche 'kˀaw See Language page PLE
Kanamarí -i -i pé Magalhães 2018:351 Maria Castillo
Lokono kothi(-hi) kotʰi(-hi) foot Pet 1987:358 Camille Unger
Kariña pupu pupu foot Yamada 2010:797 Camille Unger