Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

hear

Semantic Field
mental
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
oír
Meaning Portuguese
ouvir

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes Source Created By General Notes
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone nankah inheritance Jane Hill
Cahuilla -naqma- inheritance S&H 1979 Jane Hill
Central Sierra Miwok Tele:/j- inheritance? Jane Hill
Chemehuevi nanka/ inheritance Jane Hill
Chumash Barbareno 7itaq inheritance Klar 1977:92 Jane Hill
Chumash Cruzeno takHwi inheritance JPH Jane Hill
Chumash Ineseno 7itaq inheritance Klar 1977:92 Jane Hill
Chumash Obispeno taqyny inheritance Klar 1977:92 Jane Hill
Chumash Ventureno pitac “entiendes” inheritance B67:18 Jane Hill
Cocopa 7i:7i:/p inheritance Jane Hill
Comanche nakary inheritance Jane Hill
Cupeño naqma-0 [naqmə] inheritance Jane Hill
Gabrielino naxa:kwa inheritance Jane Hill
Iipay 'Aa yip [jɪp] inheritance Jane Hill
Kawaiisu naga-, inheritance Jane Hill
Kiliwa kWii; kWii-t inheritance Jane Hill
Kitanemuk mach inheritance Jane Hill
Lake Miwok 7a/lu inheritance Jane Hill
Luiseño naqma- inheritance Jane Hill
Maidu pi/n inheritance Jane Hill
Mojave a'av= inheritance Jane Hill
Mutsun namti unknown O77:19 Jane Hill
Nisenan pin inheritance Jane Hill
Northern Paiute naka inheritance Thornes 03:90 Jane Hill
Northern Sierra Miwok Tolo:j-u- inheritance Jane Hill
Plains Miwok helme- unknown Jane Hill
Salinan A pesno/xo (A), unknown Jane Hill
Salinan M pesno/xo' unknown Mason 1918:145 Jane Hill
Seri (Comcaac) quii unknown Jane Hill
Serrano ma:T inheritance Jane Hill
Southern Paiute nangqa- inheritance Jane Hill
Southern Sierra Miwok 7al:- inheritance Jane Hill
Southern Ute nyka7avI inheritance Jane Hill
Tübatulabal ha7-yt, haa7-yt inheritance Jane Hill
Tümpisa Shoshone nangkah inheritance Jane Hill
Wappo ka/hshi7 inheritance Jane Hill
Washo da/mal unknown J273 Jane Hill
Western Mono naqa- inheritance Jane Hill
Wintu mute inheritance Jane Hill
Yavapai ?e^:vi inheritance Jane Hill
Yokuts Yawdanchi tang- inheritance K07:247 Jane Hill
Yokuts Yowlumne *la:na N 118; inheritance Jane Hill
Yuki ha,l inheritance S&S 1984 Jane Hill
Yuma 7a7avk “I hear” H1:31 inheritance Jane Hill
Baniwa -hima -hima inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B.
Carijona etarɨ inheritance See Language page Melody Ann Ross, Zach Burnett, PLE
Cubeo jápiayʉ (listen) xápiajɨ (listen) inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely; Tanja Baeuerlein
Dâw wâá’ wǝ̌ʔ inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., Pattie Epps
Desano peeri peeri unknown See Language page Ana Paula; Tanja Baeuerlein
Eñepa -itya- itja- inheritance See Language page Melody Ann Ross
Hodï aun'kute'ta unique See Language page Paulina Franco, Bettie Gonzalez
Waorani ẽñẽ unique See Language page Paulina Franco, Bettie Gonzalez, PLE
Hup wɨʔ- wɨʔ- inheritance See Language page Pattie Epps
Kakua hǔj inheritance See Language page Katherine Bolaños
Makushi eta (IDS) eta (IDS) inheritance See Language page Melody Ann Ross
Nheengatu cendu sendu inheritance See Language page John Blaha, Lauren Franklin
Ninam hĩli hĩli inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Nukak hui2 inheritance See Language page Lauren Franklin
Maihiki asayi (1st person singular) asaji inheritance See Language page Daniel Valle
Pemon eeta (E1980); eta (M2000) eta (E1980) inheritance See Language page Melody Ann Ross, Karina Baeza
Resígaro hé?mú héʔmú inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B.
Sanumá hini hini inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Sikuani húma-tane [?-see] inheritance See Language page Jonathan Quintanilla, Rebecca Khorram, PLE
Tukano tù'osé tù'osé inheritance E Tuk See Language page Ana Paula, Amanda Novak
Kotiria thʉ'o tʰʉʔo inheritance E Tuk See Language page D. Jagannathan, Tanja Bauerlein
Yanomam hĩri hĩri inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Yanomami wã hiri-aɨ (hear), yɨmɨka ta-aɨ (listen) wã hiɾi-aɨ (hear), jɨmɨka ta-aɨ (listen) inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Yukuna jema'akaje hemaʔakahe inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Yuhup pãh ~pah semantic shift See Language page Ana Paula B., Pattie Epps
Arabana ngawi- unique Claire Bowern
Bardi -lamanka- -lamanka- inheritance Claire Bowern
Bunuba winyi- doubtful loan Claire Bowern
Burarra galiya unknown Claire Bowern
Dhangu ŋäma inheritance Claire Bowern
Dhuwal ŋäma Claire Bowern
Dhuwala ŋäma inheritance Claire Bowern
Diyari ngara- inheritance Claire Bowern
DiyariREU ngankaraterinta unique Claire Bowern
Djambarrpuyngu ŋa:ma Claire Bowern
Djapu ŋäma unknown Claire Bowern
Djinang buchinjirrku-ngi unknown Claire Bowern
Gajirrabeng rangka inheritance Claire Bowern
Gooniyandi thanymili- unique Claire Bowern
Gupapuyngu ŋäma inheritance Claire Bowern
Gurindji kurru nya- loan Jaminjung Claire Bowern
Jabirr-Jabirr ngangarlikarra XXgl I hear it ngangarlikarra inheritance Claire Bowern
Jaru burda inheritance Claire Bowern
Jawi nungalamongen nungalamongen inheritance Claire Bowern
Karajarri pinakarri (4) inheritance Claire Bowern
Kija rangka inheritance Claire Bowern
Malyangapa ngaRa- inheritance Claire Bowern
Mangala pina-ma inheritance Claire Bowern
Miriwung rangga inheritance Claire Bowern
Mithaka pangginda loan direction unknown Claire Bowern
Mudburra kurru karri- Claire Bowern
Mudburra lankaj loan Claire Bowern
Ngamini ngaratjanta inheritance Claire Bowern
Ngandi nga- inheritance Claire Bowern
Ngarluma wanyabarri Claire Bowern
Ngumbarl milla munk, meela gurra <milla munk, meela gurra> inheritance Claire Bowern
Nhirrpi ngaRa inheritance Claire Bowern
Northern Mangarla pina-ma Claire Bowern
Northern Nyangumarta pinakarrinyi- (V1) inheritance Claire Bowern
Nyangumarta pinakarra inheritance Claire Bowern
Nyikina -likarra- -likarra- inheritance Claire Bowern
Nyulnyul -likarr- [malegaran] -likarr- [malekaran] inheritance Claire Bowern
Paakantyi bāri- unique Claire Bowern
Pirriya [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Pitta-Pitta nharrawa unique Claire Bowern
Rirratjingu ŋa:ma Claire Bowern
Ritharrngu ngaama inheritance Claire Bowern
Walmajarri pinakarri- inheritance Claire Bowern
Wangkayutyuru pangka- loan direction unknown Claire Bowern
Warrwa -larra- -larra- inheritance Claire Bowern
Wubuy yangga inheritance Claire Bowern
Yan-nhangu barrŋarra unknown Claire Bowern
Yandruwandha ngara inheritance Claire Bowern
Yarluyandi [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Yawarrawarrka pangari loan direction unknown Claire Bowern
Yawuru bidyara +ni bijara +ni loan Marrngu Claire Bowern
Achagua éemeri 'listen' éemeri 'listen' inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Piapoco émì~aca émì~aka See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Kabiyari heme heme See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Yavitero keheta keheta See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Bare temuda temuda See Language page Ana Paula B.
Wapishana aˀbatʰa-n aˀbatʰa-n inheritance see Guajiro See Language page Ana Paula B.
Wayuu apa See Language page PLE
Yine xema; yixnakota See Language page PLE *Piro-Apuriná form is *kema-.
Paresi sema sema inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Ignaciano #NAME? See Language page PLE Also -kakiɲa, means ability to hear; -kiɲa is 'hearing'.
Trinitario -at-samo; -ɣinʸo See Language page PLE
Baure som-; ṛ̌i-'somopoek som-; ṛ̌i-'somopoek inheritance See Language page Anissa Capuccino
Waurá eteme eteme inheritance See Language page Joyce McCormick
Arutani ko ko See Language page John Blaha
Sape man man See Language page John Blaha
Cha'palaa 'mee-nu See Language page PLE Past participle is 'me-ra.
Bora čeépo, čínʸémïḯ-kʰïnï, nḯʔéxïḯ-kʰïnï, βɨááβe tʃɛέpo, tʃínʸέmɯɯ́-kʰɯnɯ, nɯ́ʔέxɯɯ́-kʰɯnɯ, βɨááβɛ inheritance See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Muinane gúúbu-ʔi gúúbu-ʔi See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Akawaio eeda eda inheritance Proto-Carib See Language page Melody Ann Ross, Lauren Franklin
Akawaio/Ingariko dialect eta, eda, era eta, eda, era See Language page Lauren Franklin
Apalai etãko etãko inheritance See Language page Rebekah L. Evans
Wayana panakma panakma inheritance? shared Yukpa? See Language page PLE
Tiriyó eta eta inheritance See Language page Becky Walker
Makiritare eta:dü (KH) eta:dɨ inheritance See Language page Melody Ann Ross, Karina Baeza
Mapoyo #NAME? #NAME? See Language page Melody Ann Ross
Wai Wai w-enta-∅ w-enta-∅ inheritance See Language page Melody Ann Ross
Waimiri Atroari tee tee See Language page Melody Ann Ross, PLE
Yabarana je'tari See Language page Ana Paula B., John Blaha
Yukpa pémetak te'ta See Language page Ana Paula B., Melody Ann Ross
Kalapalo tsa- tsa- inheritance See Language page Joyce McCormick
Barí anaɨgkãng See Language page PLE Colombia: ʔanayšunə.
Northern Emberá ʉ̃rˈĩ ʉ̃rɨ̃́ See Language page Jonathan Quintanilla, PLE
Epena ũri- See Language page PLE
Guayabero hum-tén, naewét inheritance Proto-Guahiban See Language page Ana Paula B., Rebecca Khorram
Macaguan nakuét, nakuéchi nakuét, nakuétʃi inheritance Proto-Guahiban See Language page Ana Paula B., Rebecca Khorram
Cuiva hume-táne oír, hear Huber & Reed 1992:278 Rebecca Khorram
Cofán pañañe paɲãɲɛ See Language page Daniel Valle phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS
Candoshi-Shapra mázinámaama máʂinámaama unique See Language page Daniel Valle
Taushiro a´cona aʔkona See Language page Daniel Valle
Páez gnuense wẽnse See Language page Daniel Valle
Tikuna [-inɨ] (verbal root) [-inɨ] (verbal root) unique See Language page Daniel Valle, Zach Burnett, PLE
Urarina auna auna unique See Language page Daniel Valle, PLE
Camsa xowenána xowenána See Language page Daniel Valle, Anissa Capuchino
Andoke -ʌmonotoáñe (mono=conscious, soul) -ʌmonotoáɲe (mono=conscious, soul) unique See Language page Kelsey Neely, PLE
Pumé tãrȩ See Language page Paulina Franco, PLE
Puinave #NAME? #NAME? unique See Language page Daniel Valle, Zach Burnett
Máku ne ne See Language page PLE
Ashuar antúktin antuktin See Language page Daniel Valle
Huambisa antuktasa antuktasa See Language page Daniel Valle
Aguaruna ántut ántut inheritance See Language page Daniel Valle
Nadëb/Roçado dialect wǝʔ, wǝːʔ inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., Pattie Epps
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect wǝʔ See Language page Ana Paula B., Pattie Epps
Matses tantia tantia unknown See Language page Daniel Valle, Becky Walker
Kakataibo kʷa-ti See Language page PLE *Panoan *kʷaʔɨ-, with related meaning 'understand'. *Panoan *nĩka- with related meanings, 'obey, to be alive'.
Katukina nĩka- See Language page PLE
Shipibo-Konibo nĩka-ti See Language page PLE
Yaminahua nika-kĩ See Language page PLE
Chácobo nika- nika- inheritance See Language page Joyce McCormick
Yagua tuvachu tuwãtʃu unique See Language page Daniel Valle
Southern Pastaza Quechua uyana ujana See Language page Daniel Valle
Ingá uiai uiai See Language page Daniel Valle
Napo Lowland Quichua uyana ujana See Language page Daniel Valle
Quechua Ayacuchano uyariy, uyarikuy uyaɾij, uyaɾikuj See Language page Daniel Valle, PLE
Piaroa äjuku æ̃hũkũ unknown See Language page Amanda Novak, Becky Walker
Sáliva ĩãhsajaha ĩãʔsahaʔa unknown See Language page Becky Walker
Bará tɨ'ó See Language page Kelsey Neely, Tanja Baeuerlein
Barasano ahi-re ahi-re See Language page D. Jagannathan, Tanja Baeuerlein
Carapana 'tɨ̃́gó- 'tɨ̃́gó- See Language page Amanda Novak, Tanja Baeuerlein
Makuna tɨo-re tɨo-re inheritance See Language page Amanda Novak, D. Jagannathan, Tanja Bauerlein
Yuruti 'tɨ́o- 'tɨ́o- See Language page Ana Paula; Tanja Baeuerlein
Waikhana tɨʔ'o- tɨʔ'o- See Language page Ana Paula; Tanja Baeuerlein
Siriano pé- pé- See Language page Ana Paula, Kelsey Neely
Tanimuca ã'bĩ ti'ri ri'ka ã'bĩ ti'ri ri'ka inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Tatuyo a'pí- a'pí- See Language page Emily Buell, Paulina Franco
Tuyuka tɨ'o tɨʔo See Language page D. Jagannathan, Paulina Franco, Ana Paula B.
Waimaja tʰɨ́ó tʰɨ́ó See Language page Kelsey Neely
Koreguaje asamʉ asamʉ inheritance See Language page Daniel Valle
Siona ača; kˀãho atʃa; kˀãho inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Secoya asajë'ë asahɨ̃ʔɨ̃ See Language page Amanda N
Kokama tsenu tsenu inheritance See Language page Zach Burnett, Daniel Valle
Wayampi -apɨa -apɨa unknown See Language page PLE
Aché wẽdu inheritance See Language page PLE
Chiriguano (a)eⁿdu inheritance See Language page PLE
Paraguayan Guaraní h-eⁿdu See Language page PLE
Sirionó ɲanu; eisakʷa ɲanu; eisakʷa inheritance See Language page Joyce McCormick, Becky Walker
Kamayurá ˀanup ˀanup inheritance See Language page Rebekah L. Evans
Ocaina xaaxa xaaxa inheritance See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Nɨpode Witoto kaká-de kaká-dɛ See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz
Minica Witoto kaká-de kaká-dɛ See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz
Murui Witoto kaka-de kaka-dɛ inheritance See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Iquito tujiini; tuhuaasiini (Nanay variant) tuhiini; tuwaasiini (Nanay variant) inheritance See Language page Cynthia Hansen
Záparo tahwinyu tahʷinju See Language page Becky Walker
Wari tarayu taraju See Language page PLE
Araona c̷abaha See Language page PLE
Ese Ejja/Huarayo šaxa-kwe šaxa-kwe See Language page Joyce McCormick
Tacana iď̶aba- See Language page PLE
Cavineña baka-ya baka-ya unknown See Language page Joyce McCormick, Becky Walker
Central Aymara ist´aña istˀa-ɲa See Language page PLE
Cayuvava itæ ~ ite; kehe See Language page PLE
Itonama puwane See Language page PLE
Kwazá jãsi- jãsi- See Language page Joyce McCormick
Mosetén-Chimané tči'kaksi See Language page Joyce McCormick, PLE Also tči'kæ.
Movima pa-loto pa-loto See Language page Anissa Capuccino, Becky Walker
Trumai (ha) fatsʔa (ha) fatsʔa unique See Language page Rebekah L. Evans, PLE
Kaingang mẽ, mẽgmẽ mɛ̃ŋ; mɛ̃; mɛ̃ŋmɛ̃ See Language page PLE
Canela kʰrɔ̃k See Language page PLE
Suyá má má See Language page Rebekah Evans
Djeoromitxi bä bǝ See Language page PLE
Chipaya non-š See Language page PLE
Mocoví ʔḳaa See Language page PLE
Pilagá de-mači See Language page PLE
Toba wa-ʔaḳa See Language page PLE
Lengua #NAME? See Language page PLE Other senses are incorporated in this word; see 'feel' 15.720.
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité apniŋayi See Language page PLE
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet neŋleŋayˀ See Language page PLE
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay ilo'tey See Language page PLE
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja -peʔyeʔ ~ -piʔyeʔ See Language page PLE Also means 'understand' 17.160.
Maca -epiyeʔ See Language page PLE Transitive. Also means 'understand'17.160.
Nivaclé -peʔya hear https://ids.clld.org/ PLE
Ayoreo u'duteʔ See Language page PLE
Mapudungun alʸkɨ See Language page PLE Same form in Ranquel.
Qawasqar tel-ḳsor See Language page PLE From Ag, Em, also means 'listen'. Sk records tel-kyol for Central QWS. Fi, Hy record teles for South QWS.
Selknam yo See Language page PLE
Tehuelche 'yoy- See Language page PLE
Lokono kanaban kanaban hear Pet 1987:360 Camille Unger
Kariña eta eta hear Yamada 2010:733 Camille Unger