Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

left/left hand

Semantic Field
location/body
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
izquierdo
Meaning Portuguese
esquerdo

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes Source Created By General Notes
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone missing missing Jane Hill
Cahuilla ishva inheritance S&H 1979 Jane Hill
Central Sierra Miwok cha/j:a-n inheritance Jane Hill
Chemehuevi kwii- inheritance Jane Hill
Chumash Barbareno kawach unknown Wash 2001:429 Jane Hill
Chumash Cruzeno kawach mano izquierda inheritance JPH Jane Hill
Chumash Ventureno k-talkaw' “my left hand” inheritance JPH Jane Hill
Cocopa kSark (direction) inheritance Jane Hill
Comanche ohinibetutY inheritance Jane Hill
Cupeño 'i$hva- [Ɂɪşˈva] inheritance Jane Hill
Gabrielino ah-kah-nung-ar-ro “left side” unknown CHM/MC253 Jane Hill
Iipay 'Aa kesark [kəˈsark] inheritance Jane Hill
Kawaiisu kwii= inheritance Jane Hill
Kiliwa sal=kw-sar-(y) inheritance Jane Hill
Kitanemuk 7oci7(nga) “(at )the left hand” inheritance Jane Hill
Lake Miwok k'eSi/iliwa (direction), keSeeliwa unique Jane Hill
Luiseño 7echva-sh “left hand” inheritance Jane Hill
Maidu daku/ inheritance Jane Hill
Mojave kuuthar inheritance Jane Hill
Mutsun awiS unknown NW (JPH) Jane Hill
Nisenan daku, dakuna:n inheritance Jane Hill
Northern Paiute oi-naggwa inheritance Stubbs 08 Jane Hill
Northern Sierra Miwok caj:a- inheritance Jane Hill
Plains Miwok cajmy- inheritance Jane Hill
Salinan A ok'elo (A), unknown Jane Hill
Salinan M la/pai, o'kel (150) unknown Mason 1918:150 Jane Hill
Seri (Comcaac) isli/ic “left hand” unknown Jane Hill
Serrano -7O:-c O is umlaut o inheritance Jane Hill
Southern Paiute qwi:-S inheritance Jane Hill
Southern Sierra Miwok caj:aH-, inheritance Jane Hill
Southern Ute kwimanakwY “left side”, kwijUmtug “to the left” inheritance Jane Hill
Tübatulabal aashinga-n inheritance Jane Hill
Tümpisa Shoshone kwii inheritance Jane Hill
Wappo na/c'e unknown Jane Hill
Washo dic'elelel unknown J235 Jane Hill
Western Mono ohina-qwety/ inheritance Jane Hill
Wintu thawharas “left hand, side” inheritance Jane Hill
Yavapai sa\lktha/:ri “left hand”; sa\lktha_:ro_ “on the left side” inheritance Jane Hill
Yokuts Yowlumne t'a:cha7 inheritance G1964 Jane Hill
Yuki mIka7acham, mika'ach(a,m) unknown S&S 1984 Jane Hill
Baniwa kádaa, máka, páattoli?? kádaa, máka, páat̪oli?? unique also páattoli?? - this one could be inheritance (root pa ?) or loan from Mapoyo Carib paasori See Language page Ana Paula B.
Carijona wəwədʒae unknown See Language page Melody Ann Ross, Zach Burnett, PLE
Cubeo on the left: cãcopũravʉ kãkopĩɾavɨ inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely; Tanja Baeuerlein
Dâw sôòb sãr ʃôb ʃãh inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., Pattie Epps
Desano copʉ kopɨ inheritance See Language page Ana Paula; Tanja Baeuerlein
Eñepa poe yaka (IDS) poe jaka (IDS) inheritance See Language page Melody Ann Ross
Hodï wõiko bõ bã hai-lɨ̃ unique See Language page Paulina Franco, Bettie Gonzalez
Waorani dipæ̃-bæ̃-ĩ-dõ unique See Language page Paulina Franco, Bettie Gonzalez, PLE
Hup cɔ̃h cáʔah ~cɔh cáʔah inheritance See Language page Pattie Epps
Kakua wâj-mant [pull/put.together-side] unique See Language page Katherine Bolaños
Makushi kai-winɨkɨi (IDS) kai-winɨkɨi (IDS) unknown See Language page Melody Ann Ross
Ninam hait (EM72) hait inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Nukak tʃep4 unique See Language page Lauren Franklin
Maihiki cuacoti ja kuakoti xã inheritance See Language page Daniel Valle
Pemon kamueyakan, kami yak (A1981); kmü'yakan (m2000) kamuedʒakan, kami dʒak (A1981) unique shared Akawaio See Language page Melody Ann Ross, Karina Baeza
Resígaro apá?mí?osí apáʔmíʔosí inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B.
Sanumá hai (EM72) hai inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Sikuani pe-tsawéno- inheritance Sik-Cuiva-Playero group See Language page Jonathan Quintanilla, Rebecca Khorram, PLE
Tukano kũû kũû inheritance E-W Tuk See Language page Ana Paula, Amanda Novak
Kotiria cõ bᵾhᵾsehe (Waltz) kõ bᵾhᵾsehe (Waltz) inheritance E-W Tuk See Language page D. Jagannathan, Tanja Bauerlein
Yanomam hai hai inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Yanomami hai hai inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Yukuna pajrú, pa'ajú pahrú, paʔahú inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Yuhup cɔ̃hɔ̃ma ~cɔhɔba inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., Pattie Epps
Arabana warrangka unique Claire Bowern
Bardi ngalganjordonyi niimarl ngalkanjordonyi niimarl loan Claire Bowern
Bunuba [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Burarra -weyka unknown Claire Bowern
Dhangu djarrpuḏay' unknown Claire Bowern
Dhuwal [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Dhuwala wirrkaḏay' unknown Claire Bowern
Diyari wadanganytu unique Claire Bowern
DiyariREU waranka loan Arabana Claire Bowern
Djambarrpuyngu [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Djapu [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Djinang wiṉgu inheritance Claire Bowern
Gajirrabeng waroogoong inheritance Claire Bowern
Gooniyandi [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Gupapuyngu [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Gurindji jampukarra loan Mudburra Claire Bowern
Jaru wilgirr loan Claire Bowern
Jawi ŋarlgarrman ŋarlgarrman inheritance Claire Bowern
Karajarri ngakaraman inheritance Claire Bowern
Kija waruku- inheritance Claire Bowern
Malyangapa [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Mangala jampu inheritance Claire Bowern
Miriwung waregoong inheritance Claire Bowern
Mithaka [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Mudburra jambu Claire Bowern
Mudburra jambu loan Claire Bowern
Ngamini waruntjuta unique Claire Bowern
Ngandi X missing Claire Bowern
Ngarluma jambu Claire Bowern
Ngumbarl neemala ngalgarraman nimala inheritance Claire Bowern
Nhirrpi [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Nimanburru ŋarlgarrman ŋarlgarrman inheritance Claire Bowern
Northern Mangarla jampu Claire Bowern
Northern Nyangumarta jampukarti inheritance Claire Bowern
Nyangumarta jampukarti Claire Bowern
Nyikina baldjaraŋ baljaraŋ loan Marrngu Claire Bowern
Nyulnyul ŋalgarman ŋalkarman unknown Claire Bowern
Paakantyi yaŋgudja Claire Bowern
Pirriya [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Pitta-Pitta tharawa unique Claire Bowern
Rirratjingu [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Ritharrngu jarrpi unknown Claire Bowern
Walmajarri jampukarti inheritance Claire Bowern
Wangkayutyuru wakunudula loan Warluwaric Claire Bowern
Wubuy balajagu inheritance Claire Bowern
Yan-nhangu wuykungu unknown Claire Bowern
Yandruwandha wannganyi unique Claire Bowern
Yarluyandi warangka loan Arabana Claire Bowern
Yawarrawarrka wornganji loan direction unknown Claire Bowern
Achagua apáulikuehe apáulikuehe inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Piapoco apáu apáu See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Kabiyari péʔt̪u-ri péʔt̪u-ri See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Yavitero ga'nuľ̥i gaʔnuľ̥i See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Wapishana ašaˀbaru ašaˀbaru inheritance Proto North Arawak? See Language page Ana Paula B.
Wayuu epee-r̃uu See Language page PLE
Yine kehnete See Language page PLE
Paresi ewatone maniya (maniya=side) ewatone manija (maniya=side) unique See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Ignaciano sapa See Language page PLE
Trinitario sopa; -nopo te sopa See Language page PLE
Baure 'sa-pi 'sa-pi inheritance See Language page Anissa Capuccino
Waurá wahulu-pa-lu wahulu-pa-lu unknown See Language page Joyce McCormick
Cha'palaa 'hala; 'ha'la-tʸa; 'ha'la-ša See Language page PLE 'Left hand' is 'hala-'tʸaapa 04.330.
Bora náni-nʸéxkʰï náni-nʸέxkʰɯ inheritance See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Muinane náni-ʔɨgo náni-ʔɨgo See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Akawaio kamiik ka'mik unique Akawaio-Pemon See Language page Melody Ann Ross, Lauren Franklin
Akawaio/Ingariko dialect kamiʔ kamiʔ See Language page Lauren Franklin
Apalai ipoozery ipoozerɨ inheritance See Language page Rebekah L. Evans
Wayana pëwëina pǝwǝina unknown See Language page PLE
Tiriyó apëjano apǝjano inheritance See Language page Becky Walker
Mapoyo paasori (tëëneri) paasori (tɛɛneri) See Language page Melody Ann Ross
Wai Wai Φowame Φowame inheritance See Language page Melody Ann Ross
Yabarana paso'binɜ See Language page Ana Paula B., John Blaha
Yukpa maicho See Language page Ana Paula B., Melody Ann Ross
Barí miikã See Language page PLE
Northern Emberá hɨu'a-ɨ'kɨa-ɗe ('hand-?-at') (IDS) hɨu'a-ɨ'kɨa-ɗe ('hand-?-at') (IDS) See Language page Jonathan Quintanilla, PLE
Epena hua-bi-'are See Language page PLE Lit. 'hand-belly-side'.
Guayabero soena-lél inheritance Proto-Guahiban See Language page Ana Paula B., Rebecca Khorram
Macaguan tsén inheritance Proto-Guahiban See Language page Ana Paula B., Rebecca Khorram
Cuiva pe-tsokóna izquierdo, left Huber & Reed 1992:345 Rebecca Khorram
Playero tsawanáwa See Language page Rebecca Khorram
Cofán pave'fa pavɛɸa See Language page Daniel Valle phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS
Candoshi-Shapra bázinógchi báʂinónktʃi unique See Language page Daniel Valle
Páez jemb- xemb- See Language page Daniel Valle
Tikuna toʔβɛ unique See Language page Daniel Valle, Zach Burnett, PLE
Urarina ahaa (left side) ahaa unique See Language page Daniel Valle, PLE
Camsa waɲikuaj-ói-ka waɲikuaj-ói-ka See Language page Daniel Valle, Anissa Capuchino
Andoke #NAME? #NAME? unique See Language page Kelsey Neely, PLE
Pumé oé tãrãrí See Language page Paulina Franco, PLE
Puinave [-sã] sã unique See Language page Daniel Valle, Zach Burnett
Ashuar ména mɨna See Language page Daniel Valle
Huambisa menam mɨnam See Language page Daniel Valle
Aguaruna ména mɨna inheritance See Language page Daniel Valle
Nadëb/Roçado dialect ʃɨ̰̃ inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., Pattie Epps
Matses opioc opiok unknown See Language page Daniel Valle, Becky Walker
Katukina pɨšmi-ʔo-ʔri See Language page PLE
Shipibo-Konibo mɨṣ̌kao; mɨmio See Language page PLE
Yaminahua mĩškiori See Language page PLE
Chácobo mɨ-ṣ̌oho mɨ-ṣ̌oho unknown See Language page Joyce McCormick
Yagua miday mı̃daj unique See Language page Daniel Valle
Southern Pastaza Quechua lluqui ʎuki See Language page Daniel Valle
Ingá lluki ʎuki See Language page Daniel Valle
Napo Lowland Quichua lluqui ʎuki See Language page Daniel Valle
Quechua Ayacuchano ichoq itʃoq See Language page Daniel Valle, PLE
Piaroa ći'o'wehke'a' s'iɁoɁwehkeɁaɁ unique See Language page Amanda Novak, Becky Walker
Sáliva ñobohehnahda ɲoboʔeʔnaʔda unique See Language page Becky Walker
Bará a'kúdĩjã See Language page Kelsey Neely, Tanja Baeuerlein
Barasano gãkṍ-katɨa gãkṍ-katɨa See Language page D. Jagannathan, Tanja Baeuerlein
Carapana kã́ãkṹ-dɨ̃́gõã kã́ãkṹ-dɨ̃́gõã See Language page Amanda Novak, Tanja Baeuerlein
Makuna gãkõ-dɨha gãkõ-dɨha inheritance See Language page Amanda Novak, D. Jagannathan, Tanja Bauerlein
Yuruti ákũũdɨ̃ã ákũũdɨ̃ã See Language page Ana Paula; Tanja Baeuerlein
Waikhana ko peʔe peʔe ko peʔe peʔe See Language page Ana Paula; Tanja Baeuerlein
Siriano cúgapʉ kúgapʉ See Language page Ana Paula, Kelsey Neely
Tanimuca kã'ko pẽrõ'tõ 'pi kã'ko pẽrõ'tõ 'pi inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Tatuyo káa'kũ dɨgõa káa'kũ dɨgõa See Language page Emily Buell, Paulina Franco
Tuyuka a'kúdĩjã a'kúdĩjã See Language page D. Jagannathan, Paulina Franco, Ana Paula B.
Waimaja a'kó dɨ̃jã-(pe) a'kó dɨ̃jã-(pe) See Language page Kelsey Neely
Koreguaje khãʔkho-hɨ̃thɨ-ka khãʔkho-hɨ̃thɨ-ka inheritance See Language page Daniel Valle
Siona ari ari unique See Language page Kelsey Neely
Secoya a'ritë'hui aʔritɨʔwɨ See Language page Amanda N
Karitiana põnh põɲ unknown See Language page Daniel Valle
Wayampi ɛyau ɛjau inheritance See Language page PLE
Aché ǰačotɨ inheritance See Language page PLE
Chiriguano asu inheritance See Language page PLE
Paraguayan Guaraní asu See Language page PLE
Sirionó equiatocutiã (left hand) ekiatocutiã unique See Language page Joyce McCormick, Becky Walker
Ocaina uroohfatí ɯrooʔɸatí inheritance See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Nɨpode Witoto harḯ-pene harɯ́-pɛnɛ See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz
Minica Witoto harḯ-ɸene harɯ́-ɸɛnɛ See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz
Murui Witoto jarɨfebeji jarɨɸɛbɛji inheritance See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Iquito jámɨquiji hámɨkihi unknown See Language page Cynthia Hansen
Wari parayišiʔ parajiʃiʔ See Language page PLE
Araona zania bene See Language page PLE *Tacn form is *ćani.
Ese Ejja šani inheritance See Language page PLE
Ese Ejja/Huarayo šani-xe šani-xe See Language page Joyce McCormick
Tacana ď̶ani bai bene See Language page PLE
Cavineña hani; hani-(ʔ)e-ke hani; hani-(ʔ)e-ke inheritance See Language page Joyce McCormick, Becky Walker
Central Aymara ch´eqa čˀiḳa See Language page PLE
Cayuvava 'rimasɨ See Language page PLE
Kwazá dakoro dakoro See Language page Joyce McCormick
Mosetén-Chimané 'kim See Language page Joyce McCormick, PLE kim-'w̃e is 'left hand'.
Movima ho-li ho-li See Language page Anissa Capuccino, Becky Walker
Trumai teponik teponik unique See Language page Rebekah L. Evans, PLE
Kaingang jakãnh -yakãɲ See Language page PLE
Karajá hɨwe-rəbi See Language page PLE
Djeoromitxi hapfõ haɸõ See Language page PLE
Chipaya šḳara See Language page PLE To do something clumsily, with the left hand is šḳaranta.
Mocoví ne-maḳ See Language page PLE
Pilagá n-ʔemaḳ See Language page PLE
Toba n-ʔemaḳ See Language page PLE
Lengua #NAME? See Language page PLE
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité asankalwi See Language page PLE
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet ensaŋkalweʔ See Language page PLE
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay la-c̷amkat See Language page PLE Lit. 'part/side left'.
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja #NAME? See Language page PLE
Maca #NAME? See Language page PLE
Nivaclé -čˀamiyiš left (side) https://ids.clld.org/ PLE
Ayoreo ara'se-i; ara'se See Language page PLE
Mapudungun wele See Language page PLE Same in Ranquel.
Qawasqar asan-tereḳ See Language page PLE
Selknam ʔanik See Language page PLE
Tehuelche o'čānekˀr See Language page PLE
Kanamarí -ba tsuru -ba tʃɯrɯ mão esquerda Magalhães 2018:351 Maria Castillo
Lokono -ba-ro mairia -ba-ro mairia left, other side DeGoeje 1928:191 Camille Unger
Kariña apoje apoje left Courtz 2007:233 Camille Unger