Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

long

Semantic Field
quality
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
largo
Meaning Portuguese
comprido, longo

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes Source Created By General Notes
Bankalachi Toloim oo-too'-do, hwaht' 215 loan Jane Hill
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone kypattax inheritance Jane Hill
Cahuilla wavu-ma inheritance S&H 1979 Jane Hill
Central Sierra Miwok to/t:oto- inheritance Jane Hill
Chemehuevi pa7a/ntoga (V) inheritance Jane Hill
Chumash Barbareno 7yhyj “be long” inheritance Wash 2001:36 Jane Hill
Chumash Cruzeno luluje inheritance JPH Jane Hill
Chumash Ineseno 7yhyj “to be long, tall” Applegate 65 inheritance A 65 Jane Hill
Chumash Obispeno tysu “largo, alto” unknown JPH Jane Hill
Chumash Ventureno 7ulji “long, tall” inheritance JPH Jane Hill
Cocopa kuLy, ku:ly “to be long” inheritance Jane Hill
Comanche pa7a-, pa7atY inheritance Jane Hill
Cupeño wawa$hi-sh, wava$hi-sh [wawəşɪʃ], [wəˈvaşɪʃ] inheritance Jane Hill
Gabrielino kaho: unknown Jane Hill
Iipay 'Aa 'equll [Ɂəˈqʊɫ] inheritance Jane Hill
Kawaiisu pa7a-togo- inheritance Jane Hill
Kiliwa 7-kus, 7-kuus inheritance Jane Hill
Kitanemuk meta7y7 inheritance Jane Hill
Lake Miwok 7eda/ak unknown Jane Hill
Luiseño tavu-lvu-sh (sg.), ta:talvi-sh (pl.) inheritance Jane Hill
Maidu la/mpe inheritance Jane Hill
Mojave 7akyuuly=, inheritance Jane Hill
Mutsun laytaSYte “long, tall” unknown O77:130 Jane Hill
Nisenan lamdi inheritance Jane Hill
Northern Paiute udy “tall, long, deep” loan direction unknown Thornes 03:200 Jane Hill
Northern Sierra Miwok hylaw:a unknown Jane Hill
Plains Miwok kac:a- unknown Jane Hill
Salinan A k'wa:/ka (A), k'wa:/keltha “long, tall” unknown Jane Hill
Salinan M missing missing Jane Hill
Seri (Comcaac) cacOsxaj unknown Jane Hill
Serrano mitat unique Jane Hill
Southern Paiute pa7a-t:ogo-N (pa7a-N “high”) inheritance Jane Hill
Southern Sierra Miwok wila:toH-, wil:at- inheritance Jane Hill
Southern Ute pa7atog'wa- inheritance Jane Hill
Tübatulabal uttutu, uttutuuwa-n “tall” loan direction unknown Jane Hill
Tümpisa Shoshone kypytappi “long, tall” inheritance Jane Hill
Wappo k'e/na inheritance Jane Hill
Washo gó:gaʔiʔ unknown Washo Project Jane Hill
Western Mono y/dy/-tU loan direction unknown Jane Hill
Wintu kelas loan into protolanguage, direction unknown Jane Hill
Yavapai kYu/(:)li inheritance Jane Hill
Yokuts Palewyami so-loo/-ko unknown CHM Berman 2002 Jane Hill
Yokuts Yawdanchi wa: (see also “far”) inheritance K07:244 Jane Hill
Yokuts Yowlumne wa'aT' inheritance Golla 1964 Jane Hill
Yuki ka,y-, koy- “long, tall, far inheritance S&S 1984 Jane Hill
Yuma 7aqo/l “to be long” H4:20 inheritance Jane Hill
Baniwa yápi jápi unique See Language page Ana Paula B.
Carijona mɨhano unique See Language page Melody Ann Ross, Zach Burnett, PLE
Cubeo joaco (f.), joacʉ (m.), joarõ (inanimate); ʉmʉjʉco (f.), ʉ̃mʉjʉcʉ (m.), ʉ̃mʉjʉrõ (inanimate) xoako (f.), xoakɨ (m.), xoaɾõ (inan.); ɨ̃mɨxɨko (f.), ɨ̃mɨxɨkɨ (m.), ɨ̃mɨxɨɾõ (inan.) inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely; Tanja Baeuerlein
Dâw ‘wât, yom [long torso – animate] w'ǝt, jɔm inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., Pattie Epps
Desano jo'á- jo'á- inheritance See Language page Ana Paula; Tanja Baeuerlein
Eñepa t-ankəča-ke (IDS) t-ankətʃa-ke (IDS) unique See Language page Melody Ann Ross
Hodï tamɨih'yɨ unique See Language page Paulina Franco, Bettie Gonzalez
Waorani doyæ̃ unique See Language page Paulina Franco, Bettie Gonzalez, PLE
Hup w’ə̌t w’ə̌t inheritance See Language page Pattie Epps
Kakua dup [cl] inheritance See Language page Katherine Bolaños
Makushi kusan (IDS) kusan (IDS) unique See Language page Melody Ann Ross
Nheengatu puku puku inheritance See Language page John Blaha, Lauren Franklin
Ninam rape (EM72) ɾape inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Nukak dʒɨɨp2 inheritance See Language page Lauren Franklin
Maihiki doa doa inheritance See Language page Daniel Valle
Pemon nosan, nosanipue, musan (A1981); nosan (M2000) nosan, nosanipue, musan (A1981) unique See Language page Melody Ann Ross, Karina Baeza
Resígaro tseinó? tseinóʔ inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B.
Sanumá lape (EM72) lape inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Sikuani apia (1)(verb to be long), apiayai (12)(verb to be very long), matatoxeneta (36)(to be longer) apía, apíayái, a-pía inheritance See Language page Jonathan Quintanilla, Rebecca Khorram, PLE
Tariana yenúite, yenuníte jenúite, jenuníte unique See Language page Ana Paula B.
Tukano joâ joâ inheritance E-W Tuk See Language page Ana Paula, Amanda Novak
Kotiria yoara (Waltz) joaɾa (Waltz) inheritance E-W Tuk See Language page D. Jagannathan, Tanja Bauerlein
Yanomam rape ɾape inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Yanomami rape ɾape inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Yukuna waphérekuni wapʰérekuni unique See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Yuhup w'ǝt w'ǝt inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., Pattie Epps
Arabana paRantja-lhi inheritance? Claire Bowern
Bardi niiwandi XXngl possessed form of garndi on top? niiwandi inheritance Claire Bowern
Bunuba girrabu, girrabunngarri inheritance Claire Bowern
Burarra -baykarda unknown Claire Bowern
Dhangu wikarra unknown Claire Bowern
Dhuwal 2986 Claire Bowern
Dhuwala lambirri unknown Claire Bowern
Diyari payidi inheritance Claire Bowern
DiyariREU warili unique Claire Bowern
Djambarrpuyngu weyin(') inheritance Claire Bowern
Djapu weyin(') inheritance Claire Bowern
Djinang giḻiwiḻingi unknown Claire Bowern
Gajirrabeng joorrgooyile- inheritance Claire Bowern
Gooniyandi girrabinngarri inheritance Claire Bowern
Gupapuyngu lambirri unknown Claire Bowern
Gurindji juwal inheritance Claire Bowern
Jabirr-Jabirr iwarl iwarl inheritance Claire Bowern
Jaru juwal inheritance Claire Bowern
Jawi neewandie niwanje inheritance Claire Bowern
Karajarri 4483 inheritance Claire Bowern
Kija meraangarri unique Claire Bowern
Malyangapa palurru loan direction unknown Claire Bowern
Mangala yirtany unknown Claire Bowern
Miriwung larrgajang inheritance Claire Bowern
Mithaka pajirri inheritance Claire Bowern
Mudburra wilirla Claire Bowern
Mudburra wilirla unique Claire Bowern
Ngamini payiri inheritance Claire Bowern
Ngandi dhokmay' unique Claire Bowern
Ngarluma marndiwangga Claire Bowern
Ngumbarl yeewarla <yeewarla> inheritance Claire Bowern
Nhirrpi payirri inheritance Claire Bowern
Nimanburru nabend nabend inheritance Claire Bowern
Northern Mangarla wilpirr Claire Bowern
Northern Nyangumarta muntu unknown Claire Bowern
Nyangumarta makanu unknown Claire Bowern
Nyikina iwal iwal inheritance Claire Bowern
Nyulnyul iwal iwal inheritance Claire Bowern
Paakantyi bāluru loan direction unknown Claire Bowern
Pirriya [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Pitta-Pitta cuwarrhi unique Claire Bowern
Rirratjingu wekarra unknown Claire Bowern
Ritharrngu 2986 unique Claire Bowern
Walmajarri juwal inheritance Claire Bowern
Wangkayutyuru juwarri unique Claire Bowern
Warrwa i.daj, yidaj i.daj, yidaj unknown Claire Bowern
Wubuy jarrmayarrmaj unique Claire Bowern
Yan-nhangu 2986 unknown Claire Bowern
Yandruwandha payirri , marrpu, marrpuwithi inheritance Claire Bowern
Yarluyandi parra-parra inheritance? Claire Bowern
Yawarrawarrka pajiri inheritance Claire Bowern
Yawuru wiriman wiriman loan Claire Bowern
Achagua matʃéenii matʃéenii inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Piapoco cáaléeri káaléeri See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Kabiyari wia (Ramirez, 2001) wia (Ramirez, 2001) See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Yavitero a'ľ̥utu-hi a'ľ̥utu-hi See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Wapishana ɖawɨʔau ɖawɨʔau unknown See Language page Ana Paula B.
Mandawaka amẽhikáli amẽhikáli See Language page Ana Paula B.
Wayuu mɨľeu See Language page PLE
Paresi wáha (Payne91) wáha (Payne91) inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Ignaciano ti'uki; 'taupaʔiwa See Language page PLE
Trinitario #NAME? See Language page PLE
Baure  'pero  'pero inheritance See Language page Anissa Capuccino
Waurá awapa; au-pi awapa; au-pi inheritance See Language page Joyce McCormick
Cha'palaa 'bare; 'aa-'bare See Language page PLE
Bora cámé (T98) kʰámé inheritance See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Muinane cáámovono (W97) káámoβono See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Akawaio/Ingariko dialect awene awene See Language page Lauren Franklin
Apalai mosa mosa inheritance See Language page Rebekah L. Evans
Wayana kupiman kupiman unique See Language page PLE
Tiriyó ma[:] (far, long) ma: unique See Language page Becky Walker
Makiritare nuwe (IDS) nuwe (IDS) unique See Language page Melody Ann Ross, Karina Baeza
Mapoyo tere'ke tere'ke See Language page Melody Ann Ross
Wai Wai kaw; ehyatkaw kaw; ehyatkaw unique See Language page Melody Ann Ross
Waimiri Atroari mixopy miʃopɨ See Language page Melody Ann Ross, PLE
Yabarana 'teiçpo (no) See Language page Ana Paula B., John Blaha
Yukpa busane, misene, misine, muenere, mujen, müjénera, vivisene See Language page Ana Paula B., Melody Ann Ross
Kalapalo fumitsiñï fumitsiñɨ inheritance See Language page Joyce McCormick
Muisca gahasio γahasio See Language page Daniel Valle
Northern Emberá drassóa drassóa See Language page Jonathan Quintanilla, PLE
Epena tee'soo See Language page PLE 'Long hair' is ('puda) wa'ree.
Guayabero pakʧó-wax ('cosa larga' - long thing), pakʧó-n 'hombre alto' - tall man unique See Language page Ana Paula B., Rebecca Khorram
Macaguan apiá inheritance Central+Macaguan subgroup See Language page Ana Paula B., Rebecca Khorram
Cuiva a-píja, apía largo, long Huber & Reed 1992:263 Rebecca Khorram
Playero tsokónio apía See Language page Rebecca Khorram
Cofán bia´a biaʔa See Language page Daniel Valle phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS
Candoshi-Shapra vazóráani waʂóɾáani doubtful loan Jivaroan See Language page Daniel Valle
Taushiro ahanta'que; a'ca'ta'que ahandaʔkɨ; aʔkaʔtaʔkɨ See Language page Daniel Valle
Páez tel tel See Language page Daniel Valle
Tikuna na2ma5 (A58) nama unique See Language page Daniel Valle, Zach Burnett, PLE
Urarina kaḍzati-i katʃati-i unique See Language page Daniel Valle, PLE
Camsa bín bín See Language page Daniel Valle, Anissa Capuchino
Andoke #NAME? #NAME? unique See Language page Kelsey Neely, PLE
Pumé ngõãtĩ See Language page Paulina Franco, PLE
Puinave [-pat] pat unique See Language page Daniel Valle, Zach Burnett
Ashuar japiláng, sáram, esáram xapilaŋ, saram, ɨsaram See Language page Daniel Valle
Huambisa asaram asaram See Language page Daniel Valle
Aguaruna esájam ɨsaxam doubtful loan (into protolanguage?) Jivaroan See Language page Daniel Valle
Nadëb/Roçado dialect dawɨ:t, dawɨd, rɔm, rɔw inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., Pattie Epps
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect nɨwɨ:t See Language page Ana Paula B., Pattie Epps
Matses ënapen ɨnapen unknown See Language page Daniel Valle, Becky Walker
Kakataibo čaṣ̌'kɨ See Language page PLE ta'kiβaɨ 'big, long (e.g. a road, a thin dog)'.
Katukina kɨya-pa See Language page PLE
Shipibo-Konibo mɨ̃kɨ; tapo See Language page PLE
Yaminahua čainipa See Language page PLE
Chácobo tɨtɨka tɨtɨka unique See Language page Joyce McCormick
Yagua jamuca- -qui xa:muka: ; kwi unique See Language page Daniel Valle
Southern Pastaza Quechua suni suni See Language page Daniel Valle
Ingá suni suni See Language page Daniel Valle
Napo Lowland Quichua suni suni See Language page Daniel Valle
Quechua Ayacuchano largu (Spanish loan) laɾgu See Language page Daniel Valle, PLE
Piaroa ohta'a ohtaɁa unique See Language page Amanda Novak, Becky Walker
Sáliva ñocui ɲokʷi unique See Language page Becky Walker
Bará jóa See Language page Kelsey Neely, Tanja Baeuerlein
Barasano joa-, joe- joa-, joe- See Language page D. Jagannathan, Tanja Baeuerlein
Carapana jo'á- jo'á- See Language page Amanda Novak, Tanja Baeuerlein
Makuna joa- joa- inheritance See Language page Amanda Novak, D. Jagannathan, Tanja Bauerlein
Yuruti 'jóa-ro 'jóa-ro See Language page Ana Paula; Tanja Baeuerlein
Waikhana jo'a- jo'a- See Language page Ana Paula; Tanja Baeuerlein
Siriano jo'á- jo'á- See Language page Ana Paula, Kelsey Neely
Tanimuca dyõ'ã 'ka; dyõ'ã I'taka ʎõ'ã 'ka; ʎõ'ã i'taka inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Tatuyo ká-'jo'á- ká-'jo'á- See Language page Emily Buell, Paulina Franco
Tuyuka jo'á jo'á See Language page D. Jagannathan, Paulina Franco, Ana Paula B.
Waimaja džóa dʒóa See Language page Kelsey Neely
Koreguaje rũhicuecho rũhikuedʒo unique See Language page Daniel Valle
Siona zoaji zoahi inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Secoya soaco soakɔ See Language page Amanda N
Karitiana horop hoɾop unknown See Language page Daniel Valle
Kokama ipuku ipuku inheritance See Language page Zach Burnett, Daniel Valle
Wayampi puku puku inheritance See Language page PLE
Aché puku inheritance See Language page PLE
Chiriguano puku inheritance See Language page PLE
Paraguayan Guaraní puku See Language page PLE
Sirionó eoko eoko inheritance See Language page Joyce McCormick, Becky Walker
Kamayurá huku huku inheritance See Language page Rebekah L. Evans
Ocaina ááñi ááɲi inheritance See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Murui Witoto are arɛ inheritance See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Iquito saána saána inheritance See Language page Cynthia Hansen
Záparo saaka saːka See Language page Becky Walker
Wari matam matam See Language page PLE
Araona abao; aokʷe See Language page PLE The latter refers to time and space. Also bao-da maša, 'longer'. *Tacn form is *baŕo-da, also means 'tall'.
Ese Ejja -ʔao unknown See Language page PLE
Ese Ejja/Huarayo kia-ʔao kia-ʔao See Language page Joyce McCormick
Tacana bao-da See Language page PLE Also means 'tall'.
Cavineña hono-da; baro-da; baro-da-ke hono-da; baro-da; baro-da-ke inheritance See Language page Joyce McCormick, Becky Walker
Central Aymara sayt´u waru See Language page PLE
Cayuvava dere See Language page PLE
Itonama napabɨsča; pabɨsča See Language page PLE
Kwazá unã- unã- See Language page Joyce McCormick
Mosetén-Chimané mot'ča-tk; mot'ča-s See Language page Joyce McCormick, PLE Respectively: masc.; fem.
Movima ku-ra ku-ra See Language page Anissa Capuccino, Becky Walker
Trumai atuk; atuk iii atuk; atuk iii unique See Language page Rebekah L. Evans, PLE
Kaingang krẽgfa, tèj tɛy; krɛ̃ŋΦa See Language page PLE
Canela hũm See Language page PLE
Suyá rɨč rɨč See Language page Rebekah Evans
Djeoromitxi täri tǝri See Language page PLE
Chipaya laxč-a See Language page PLE
Mocoví ladok See Language page PLE
Pilagá halok See Language page PLE
Toba alok; ḳalot-ege See Language page PLE
Lengua #NAME? See Language page PLE Also -hoɬi.
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité ahaoɬi; akwinaktima See Language page PLE The latter is adj. form.
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet akwenaʔteem; kat See Language page PLE
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay pi'tah See Language page PLE Also ɬe-'čom-hʷah, lit. 'its directional-below-diminutive'.
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja -toxiʔ See Language page PLE
Maca ixetaχ See Language page PLE Cf. 09.320.
Nivaclé pitex long https://ids.clld.org/ PLE
Ayoreo yo'iiko-i; yo'iiko See Language page PLE See 11.880. Also yo'iiko-n̥a-i; yo'iiko-n̥a.
Mapudungun al̯ɨ-amu-n See Language page PLE
Qawasqar ḳstas See Language page PLE
Selknam w-ʔoy See Language page PLE
Tehuelche 'ter- See Language page PLE
Lokono wadin wadin long Pet 1987:363 Camille Unger
Kariña mosipe mosipe long Yamada 2010:774 Camille Unger