Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

mouth

Semantic Field
body
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
boca
Meaning Portuguese
boca

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes Source Created By General Notes
Bankalachi Toloim taw'-kŏn 173; do-gont (K1907) unknown Jane Hill
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone tympai “lips, mouth”, type (Cherry Creek) inheritance Jane Hill
Cahuilla tama-l inheritance S&H 1979 Jane Hill
Central Sierra Miwok 7aw:o:- inheritance Jane Hill
Chemehuevi tyy/mp(a) inheritance Jane Hill
Chumash Barbareno 7yk inheritance Klar 1977:99 Jane Hill
Chumash Cruzeno 7ych inheritance Klar 1977:50, 99 Jane Hill
Chumash Ineseno 7yk inheritance Klar 1977:99 Jane Hill
Chumash Obispeno 7ytYy inheritance Klar 1977:99 Jane Hill
Chumash Ventureno 7yk inheritance Klar 1977:99 Jane Hill
Cocopa 7iya/ inheritance Jane Hill
Comanche type “mouth, lips” inheritance Jane Hill
Cupeño -tam'a [tamɁə] inheritance Jane Hill
Esselen ishi unknown Shaul 1995 Jane Hill
Gabrielino -to:nge-n inheritance Jane Hill
Iipay 'Aa aa [aˑ] inheritance Jane Hill
Kawaiisu tybi-vy inheritance Jane Hill
Kiliwa ha7 inheritance Jane Hill
Kitanemuk shichach unknown Jane Hill
Lake Miwok lu/ppe inheritance Jane Hill
Luiseño tama/-t inheritance Jane Hill
Maidu si\mi/ inheritance Jane Hill
Mojave iiya inheritance Jane Hill
Mutsun ha(:)y unknown O77:119,147 Jane Hill
Nisenan sim inheritance Jane Hill
Northern Paiute typpa/ 27; inheritance Thornes 03:27 Jane Hill
Northern Sierra Miwok 7aw:o- inheritance Jane Hill
Plains Miwok lupe- inheritance Jane Hill
Salinan A e:/lekh (A), unknown Jane Hill
Salinan M elik unknown Mason 1918:126 Jane Hill
Seri (Comcaac) ita (of animal or thing) unknown Jane Hill
Serrano -SyT unknown Jane Hill
Southern Paiute tympa-S inheritance Jane Hill
Southern Sierra Miwok 7aw:o-, 7ow:o- inheritance Jane Hill
Southern Ute tYpavI inheritance Jane Hill
Tübatulabal too7kon-t unknown Jane Hill
Tümpisa Shoshone tympe inheritance Jane Hill
Wappo nan inheritance Jane Hill
Washo h/anga unknown J301 Jane Hill
Western Mono ty/pE inheritance Jane Hill
Wintu qo:l inheritance Jane Hill
Yavapai ya/ inheritance Jane Hill
Yokuts Palewyami shema7 inheritance W&G Jane Hill
Yokuts Yawdanchi shama inheritance K07:241, G64 Jane Hill
Yokuts Yowlumne sama' inheritance N 1944 Jane Hill
Yuki na,hen, nahan inheritance S&S 1984 Jane Hill
Yuma i:ya:/ H3:207 inheritance Jane Hill
Baniwa -nóma -nóma inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B.
Carijona mɨda inheritance See Language page Melody Ann Ross, Zach Burnett, PLE
Cubeo jijecãmu xixɛkãmu inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely; Tanja Baeuerlein
Dâw nõr nɔ̃h inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., Pattie Epps
Desano disiro disiro inheritance See Language page Ana Paula; Tanja Baeuerlein
Eñepa ta; -ənta- ta; -ənta- inheritance See Language page Melody Ann Ross
Hodï a unique See Language page Paulina Franco, Bettie Gonzalez
Waorani de ǫ́nǫ́ne unique See Language page Paulina Franco, Bettie Gonzalez, PLE
Hup nɔg'ǒd ~dɔ-g'ǒd inheritance See Language page Pattie Epps
Kakua haʔ unique See Language page Katherine Bolaños
Makushi mutá mutá inheritance See Language page Melody Ann Ross
Nheengatu yuru juru inheritance See Language page John Blaha, Lauren Franklin
Ninam kahik kahik inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Nukak paan2at1it1 unique See Language page Lauren Franklin
Maihiki yobɨ ja jobɨ xã inheritance See Language page Daniel Valle
Pemon nta, muta (A1981); mïtatoo (E1977); mata, müta (M2000) nta, muta (A1981); mïtato (E1977) inheritance See Language page Melody Ann Ross, Karina Baeza
Resígaro nó nó inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B.
Sanumá kai (EM72) kai (EM72) inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Sikuani koibo (2), kuaibo (2), kuibo (2), koibowojo (1) inheritance See Language page Jonathan Quintanilla, Rebecca Khorram, PLE
Tariana núma 'mouth, word' núma 'mouth, word' inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B.
Tukano ʉéro ɨéro inheritance E Tuk See Language page Ana Paula, Amanda Novak
Kotiria dʉse dʉʰsέ (stenz) inheritance E Tuk See Language page D. Jagannathan, Tanja Bauerlein
Yanomam kafik, fes (both EM72) kafik, fes (both EM72) inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Yanomami pei kahikɨ pei kahikɨ inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Yukuna numaji numahi inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Yuhup dɔ̃hk'od ~dɔh-k'od inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., Pattie Epps
Arabana murna inheritance Claire Bowern
Bardi nilirr nilirr inheritance Claire Bowern
Bunuba thangarni inheritance Claire Bowern
Burarra ngana unknown Claire Bowern
Dhangu dhurrwara unknown Claire Bowern
Dhuwal dhurrwara Claire Bowern
Dhuwala djoliŋ unknown Claire Bowern
Diyari maṇa inheritance Claire Bowern
DiyariREU mana inheritance Claire Bowern
Djambarrpuyngu 224 unknown Claire Bowern
Djapu dhurrwara unknown Claire Bowern
Djinang rarri unknown Claire Bowern
Gajirrabeng theberndang inheritance Claire Bowern
Gooniyandi thangarndi inheritance Claire Bowern
Gupapuyngu djoliŋ unknown Claire Bowern
Gurindji lirra inheritance Claire Bowern
Jabirr-Jabirr nilirr; -lerr nilirr; -lerr inheritance Claire Bowern
Jaru lirra inheritance Claire Bowern
Jawi neemanyie nimanyye inheritance Claire Bowern
Karajarri 4712 inheritance Claire Bowern
Kija thewernta- inheritance Claire Bowern
Malyangapa yalla inheritance Claire Bowern
Mangala rirra semantic shift Claire Bowern
Miriwung thoowerndeng inheritance Claire Bowern
Mithaka dira inheritance Claire Bowern
Mudburra barrarrk Claire Bowern
Mudburra kangarnda unique Claire Bowern
Ngamini mana inheritance Claire Bowern
Ngandi gu-dha loan Claire Bowern
Ngarluma thaya Claire Bowern
Ngumbarl neelerr neelerr inheritance Claire Bowern
Nhirrpi marna inheritance Claire Bowern
Nimanburru nilirr XXngl nilirr nilirr inheritance Claire Bowern
Northern Mangarla rirra Claire Bowern
Northern Nyangumarta jawa inheritance Claire Bowern
Nyangumarta jawa inheritance Claire Bowern
Nyikina nilirr nilirr inheritance Claire Bowern
Nyulnyul naler -ler ^ nalerr -lerr inheritance Claire Bowern
Paakantyi yelka unique Claire Bowern
Pirriya thaya inheritance Claire Bowern
Pitta-Pitta parla unique Claire Bowern
Rirratjingu dha:, dhurrwara Claire Bowern
Ritharrngu dhaa inheritance Claire Bowern
Walmajarri lirra inheritance Claire Bowern
Wangkayutyuru thida unique Claire Bowern
Warrwa -lirr -lirr inheritance Claire Bowern
Wubuy ramadhan inheritance Claire Bowern
Yan-nhangu maraŋgarra unknown Claire Bowern
Yandruwandha murna inheritance Claire Bowern
Yarluyandi morna inheritance Claire Bowern
Yawarrawarrka mana inheritance Claire Bowern
Yawuru nilirr, niliyirr XXngl second form careful speech. nilirr, niliyirr XXngl second form careful sbich. inheritance Claire Bowern
Achagua núma núma inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Piapoco nùma nùma See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Kabiyari numa numa See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Yavitero numa numa See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Bare numa numa See Language page Ana Paula B.
Wapishana -ˀdakʰu -ˀdakʰu inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B.
Mandawaka núma núma See Language page Ana Paula B.
Wayuu ta-anɨkɨ See Language page PLE
Yine nama See Language page PLE *Piro-Apuriná form is *-'nama.
Paresi ekanase ekanase inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Ignaciano #NAME? See Language page PLE A big mouth is ičape-haka.
Trinitario #NAME? See Language page PLE Also means voice of authority, command.
Baure ni-'noki ni-'noki inheritance See Language page Anissa Capuccino
Waurá -kana-tɨ -kana-tɨ inheritance See Language page Joyce McCormick
Arutani maʔa maʔa See Language page John Blaha
Sape itu itu See Language page John Blaha
Cha'palaa 'Φi-ʔ-'pa-ki See Language page PLE Lit. 'eat-talk-do'.
Bora íʔxyïḯ, ámexï íʔxjɯɯ́, ámɛxɯ inheritance See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Muinane íi-xɨ íi-xɨ See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Akawaio mɨda mɨda inheritance Proto-Carib See Language page Melody Ann Ross, Lauren Franklin
Akawaio/Ingariko dialect mïta mɯta See Language page Lauren Franklin
Apalai myta, pota mɨta, pota inheritance See Language page Rebekah L. Evans
Wayana mïhta mɨhta inheritance See Language page PLE
Tiriyó (mï)ta (mɨ)ta inheritance See Language page Becky Walker
Makiritare ənta (IDS); nta (KH), önta (KH) nta (KH), ənta (KH) inheritance See Language page Melody Ann Ross, Karina Baeza
Mapoyo nda-ri (pota-ri); nda yë'ë (chin, mandible, lit. bone of the mouth) nda-ri (pota-ri); nda jɛ'ɛ (chin, mandible, lit. bone of the mouth) See Language page Melody Ann Ross
Wai Wai o-mta-rɨ o-mta-rɨ inheritance See Language page Melody Ann Ross
Waimiri Atroari pyta pɨta See Language page Melody Ann Ross, PLE
Yabarana po'tari See Language page Ana Paula B., John Blaha
Yukpa meyaka dʒintana See Language page Ana Paula B., Melody Ann Ross
Kalapalo inzagï; ndagï inzagɨ; ndagɨ unknown See Language page Joyce McCormick
Muisca guyhyca γuɨhɨka See Language page Daniel Valle
Barí kaḳšuu See Language page PLE *Chibchan form is *'kahka.
Northern Emberá itté itté See Language page Jonathan Quintanilla, PLE
Epena i'tʰai See Language page PLE
Guayabero kátʃa unique See Language page Ana Paula B., Rebecca Khorram
Macaguan kíboat kíboat inheritance Central+Macaguan subgroup See Language page Ana Paula B., Rebecca Khorram
Cuiva pe-koibó-to boca, mouth Huber & Reed 1992:2 Rebecca Khorram
Playero kiwóʔo also, kibóhoto (2) See Language page Rebecca Khorram
Cofán aya´fa aijaʔɸa See Language page Daniel Valle phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS
Candoshi-Shapra koko koko unique See Language page Daniel Valle
Taushiro a´ñanta´cu aʔñantaʔku See Language page Daniel Valle
Páez yugue yuge See Language page Daniel Valle
Tikuna naxã [2-3, 5] naʔãʔ unique See Language page Daniel Valle, Zach Burnett, PLE
Urarina nʉhʉae nʉhʉae unique See Language page Daniel Valle, PLE
Camsa wajá-ɕa wajá-ɕa See Language page Daniel Valle, Anissa Capuchino
Andoke #NAME? #NAME? unique See Language page Kelsey Neely, PLE
Pumé dyá See Language page Paulina Franco, PLE
Tinigua kiga See Language page Zach Burnett
Puinave -ye; -ko-de je; -ko-de unique See Language page Daniel Valle, Zach Burnett
Máku wɨ:či wɨ:tʃi See Language page PLE
Ashuar jángke xaŋkɯ See Language page Daniel Valle
Huambisa wene wɨnɨ See Language page Daniel Valle
Aguaruna wénu wɨnu inheritance See Language page Daniel Valle
Nadëb/Roçado dialect nɔːh inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., Pattie Epps
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect nɔːh See Language page Ana Paula B., Pattie Epps
Matses ana, ana shëcuë (parte interior) ana, ana shɨkuɨ inheritance See Language page Daniel Valle, Becky Walker
Kakataibo kʷɨ'βi See Language page PLE kʷɨpu, kʷɨ'pu (dial.) 'the white around the mouths of animals'. *Panoan *kʷɨṣ̌a[CV]with related meanings 'lips, chin, river bank'.
Katukina hana See Language page PLE
Pacahuara kɨ'wɨči See Language page PLE d'Orb kehuixna.
Shipibo-Konibo kɨṣ̌a See Language page PLE
Yaminahua aṣ̌βa See Language page PLE
Chácobo ha-na ha-na inheritance See Language page Joyce McCormick
Yagua juto xũto unique See Language page Daniel Valle
Southern Pastaza Quechua shimi ʃimi See Language page Daniel Valle
Ingá simi simi See Language page Daniel Valle
Napo Lowland Quichua shimi ʃimi See Language page Daniel Valle
Quechua Ayacuchano simi simi See Language page Daniel Valle, PLE
Piaroa chä tʃæ unknown See Language page Amanda Novak, Becky Walker
Sáliva aja aha unknown See Language page Becky Walker
Bará ɨ'hero See Language page Kelsey Neely, Tanja Baeuerlein
Barasano rise rise See Language page D. Jagannathan, Tanja Baeuerlein
Carapana risero ɾisɛɾɔ See Language page Amanda Novak, Tanja Baeuerlein
Makuna rise rise inheritance See Language page Amanda Novak, D. Jagannathan, Tanja Bauerlein
Yuruti ɨ́se-ro ɨ́se-ro See Language page Ana Paula; Tanja Baeuerlein
Waikhana dɨ'sero dɨ'sero See Language page Ana Paula; Tanja Baeuerlein
Siriano disí disí See Language page Ana Paula, Kelsey Neely
Tanimuca ri'ho ko'pea ri'ho ko'pea inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Tatuyo ri'hé-ro ri'hé-ro See Language page Emily Buell, Paulina Franco
Tuyuka ɨ'se-ro ɨʔse-ro See Language page D. Jagannathan, Paulina Franco, Ana Paula B.
Waimaja ɨhɛ́řò ɨhɛ́rò See Language page Kelsey Neely
Koreguaje chʉ'opo dʒʉʔopo inheritance See Language page Daniel Valle
Siona yiʔo jiʔo inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Secoya yiopo jiɔ'pɔ See Language page Amanda N
Karitiana koromo koɾomo unknown See Language page Daniel Valle
Kokama yuru juɾu inheritance See Language page Zach Burnett, Daniel Valle
Wayampi yulu julu inheritance See Language page PLE
Aché ǰuru inheritance See Language page PLE
Chiriguano (če-)ǰuru inheritance See Language page PLE
Paraguayan Guaraní ǰuru See Language page PLE
Sirionó ečuru ečuru inheritance See Language page Joyce McCormick, Becky Walker
Kamayurá juru juru inheritance See Language page Rebekah L. Evans
Ocaina foou ɸooɯ inheritance See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Nɨpode Witoto pú.e pú.ɛ See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz
Minica Witoto ɸú.e ɸú.ɛ See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz
Murui Witoto ɸu.e ɸu.ɛ inheritance See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Iquito itípuma itípuma inheritance See Language page Cynthia Hansen
Záparo atupama atupama See Language page Becky Walker
Wari kapiyašiʔ (topak) kapijaʃiʔ (topak) See Language page PLE
Araona kʷac̷a See Language page PLE *Tacn form is *e-kac̷a.
Ese Ejja e-naɓa unique See Language page PLE
Ese Ejja/Huarayo e-naba e-naba See Language page Joyce McCormick
Tacana e-kʷac̷a See Language page PLE
Cavineña e-kʷac̷a (Also can refer to the mouth of a river) e-kʷača inheritance See Language page Joyce McCormick, Becky Walker
Central Aymara laka laka See Language page PLE
Cayuvava ča; 'a-ča-e; upæ See Language page PLE
Itonama uh-waʔpara; uh-kˀasno See Language page PLE
Kwazá ekãi, rwỹtɛ ekãi, rwỹtɛ See Language page Joyce McCormick
Mosetén-Chimané čõ See Language page Joyce McCormick, PLE Also means 'beak' 04.241.
Movima kʷana-kʷa kʷana-kʷa See Language page Anissa Capuccino, Becky Walker
Trumai (ha) xop (ha) xop unique See Language page Rebekah L. Evans, PLE
Kaingang jẽnky -yɛ̃nkɨ See Language page PLE
Suyá ĵaĵkwá ĵaĵkwá See Language page Rebekah Evans
Karajá irɨ; rɨ See Language page PLE Also means 'path' 10.720, 'road'.
Djeoromitxi hakü hakø See Language page PLE
Chipaya ata See Language page PLE Small mouth is spora. Uru-J form is ata.
Mocoví l-ap See Language page PLE
Pilagá ne-'degaʁat See Language page PLE Lit. '3pp-mouth'.
Toba al-ap See Language page PLE
Lengua #NAME? See Language page PLE
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité atoŋ See Language page PLE Also means 'lip' 04.250.
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet eŋaatoŋ See Language page PLE
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay #NAME? See Language page PLE
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja ay ~ -ey (f.) See Language page PLE
Maca -exiʔ (m.) See Language page PLE Cf. 'door' 07.220.
Nivaclé -aši mouth https://ids.clld.org/ PLE
Ayoreo pin̥a'ni See Language page PLE
Mapudungun wɨn̯ See Language page PLE Ranquel form is wɨn.
Qawasqar af-ḳstay See Language page PLE Sk, Bo, Be, Li, Cv, Lu record af-kɬtay for Central QWS. Fi, Hy record of-yare for South QWS. Cf. 'lip' 04.250; 'chin' 04.209.
Selknam k-àṣ-ḳn See Language page PLE Morpheme àṣ also means 'in' 12.050.
Tehuelche 'kˀonkˀn See Language page PLE
Kanamarí -no -no boca Magalhães 2018:353 Maria Castillo
Lokono lheroko(-ho) iheɾejo(-ho) mouth Pet 1987:364 Camille Unger
Kariña nta nta mouth Yamada 2010:781 Camille Unger