fox

Semantic Field
flora-fauna
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
Meaning Portuguese

Languages

Language Linnean Name Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Etymology Notes Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Range of Term Word Structure Word Structure Notes Classifier Classifier Notes Hypernym Source Association with Social Categories Ritual/Mythologically Significant Ritual Notes Food Source Food Notes Medicinal Medicinal Notes How Collected Who Collects How Prepared Psychotropic Psychotropic Notes Traded Trade Notes Distribution Habitat Dangerous Ethnobiology Notes Species Notes General Notes
Bankalachi Toloim Vulpes, Urocyon ow'-chă Fox loan Yokuts Proto-NimYokuts *7aw'chha7 (Golla 1964:62) WW %kaw same underived C. H. Merriam 72-77, 60-449 2 2 0 0 0 no
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone Vulpes, Urocyon waahni fox (M: Gray fox (Urocyon) inheritance *waCni Northern Uto-Aztecan Stubbs 562 (2008:113) same underived Crapo 1976;134 2 2 0 0 0 no
Cahuilla Vulpes, Urocyon qáwisiš ˈqawisiʃ fox inheritance *kawosi- Uto-Aztecan S556 (Stubbs 2009:113) WW %kaw narrower (Merriam records this only for Urocyon, “Gray Fox”, contrasting with wilyily “Desert Fox”, Vulpes macrotis other complex ˈqawisi-ʃ (root looks long for simplex -- this may be loan into Takic) -7aʃ “pet” Possessive classifier -7aʃ Seiler&Hioki 1979:168 Fox is a Wildcat Moiety animal (Strong 1929:109) 2 skins used for ceremonial objects (Bean 1972:63) 2 no info hunted Men mainly for skins 0 0 All Americas Diverse habitats no
Central Sierra Miwok Vulpes, Urocyon júw:ely- red fox inheritance *juw:el Eastern Miwokan Callaghan 1971 other complex -y nominalizer Freeland & Broadbent 1960 2 2 0 0 0 no
Chemehuevi Vulpes, Urocyon hon-ze, hŏn-tsee' ontsi(A) “kit fox” Press Gray fox (Urocyon) unique same underived Merriam 59:521 2 2 0 0 0 no
Chumash Barbareno Vulpes, Urocyon knɨy fox unique Central Chumash only underived Ono 85; Beeler 1978:178 2 approaches house to warn of death 2 0 0 0 no
Chumash Ineseno Vulpes, Urocyon k'noo'-e Gray fox (Urocyon) inheritance Central Chumash only Central Chumash underived Merriam 55:3 2 approaches house to warn of death 2 0 0 0 no
Chumash Obispeno Vulpes, Urocyon missing missing missing 2 2 0 0 0 no
Chumash Ventureno Vulpes, Urocyon haw' fox unique Is this a loan? Seems like I've seen a similar form somewhere WW %kaw underived JPH III:91:0044 2 approaches house to warn of death 2 0 0 0 no
Cocopa Vulpes, Urocyon màţkawá· gray fox inheritance *p-rxa·w/m-rxa·w Proto-Yuman Langdon 1979:637 FOX same phrase màţ is “earth”; kawá· appears only in this word Crawford 1989 2 2 0 0 0 no
Comanche Vulpes, Urocyon ekatseena? red fox [Vulpes] unique same phrase red-wild.canid Robinson & Armagost 1990:161 2 2 0 0 0 no
Cupeño Vulpes, Urocyon kawisish kaˈwisiʃ fox inheritance *kawosi- Uto-Aztecan S556 (Stubbs 2009:113) WW %kaw same other complex kaˈwisi-ʃ fox-npn (root may be complex) -ʔaʃ "pet" possessive classifier for animals Hill & Nolasquez 1973:158 no info 2 2 no info hunted men skins for quivers 0 0 Americas diverse habitats no
Esselen Vulpes, Urocyon huniša fox unique Esselen other complex -$a animal suffix -$a Heizer/Pinart I:79 2 2 0 0 0 no
Gabrielino Vulpes, Urocyon e-row' ʔiˈra:w (?) “Desert fox, Vulpes macrotis group” unique same underived no npn -ʔaʧ “pet possessive classifier for animals http://www.archive.org/stream/bancroft_chartmerriam_1556_60#page/n415/mode/2up; p. 415 no info 2 Couplet in Luiseno, so probably at Creator's mourning ceremony 2 McC116 (Fages) no info hunted men skins used for quivers 0 0 hides often trade Americas Diverse habitats no
Iipay 'Aa Vulpes, Urocyon parhaaw fox (Merriam Urocyon, Gray fox) inheritance *p-rxa·w/m-rxa·w Proto-Yuman Langdon 1979:637 FOX WW %kaw same underived Couro & Hutcheson 1973 2 2 0 0 0 no
Kawaiisu Vulpes, Urocyon woziya fox (not kit fox) inheritance *woci'a Proto-Numic Stubbs 557a same underived Zigmond et al. 2 2 0 0 0 no
Kiliwa Vulpes, Urocyon pnxaaw fox (probably Kit Fox, Vulpes macrotis) inheritance *p-rxa·w/m-rxa·w Proto-Yuman Langdon 1979:637 FOX WW %kaw same underived Mixco 1985 2 2 0 0 0 no
Kitanemuk Vulpes, Urocyon kawčač ˈkawʧraʧr fox (used for quiver) inheritance *kawosi Northern Uto-Aztecan S556; I don't like his Tarahumara form (Stubbs 2009:113) WW %kaw narrower (does not include desert fox) other complex ˈkawʧra-ʧr fox-npn -ʔacit "pet" possessive classifier for animals Anderton 1988:347 no info 2 2 surely hunted for skin for quiver no info hunted men for skin 0 0 skins often traded Americas Diverse habitats no
Lake Miwok Vulpes, Urocyon túucaj fox (et) (CHM says Urocyon 57:513) loan Patwin Note Patwin t'ucay “coyote”, S. pomo duZa “fox” 144 other complex -aj is suffix Callaghan 1965 2 2 0 0 0 no
Luiseño Vulpes, Urocyon qewéewish qeʹwe:wiʃ fox inheritance *kawosi- Uto-Aztecan S556 (Stubbs 2009:113) WW %kaw narrower (does not include Vulpes, Kit fox/Desert fox, as far as I know) other complex qeʹwe:wi-ʃ fox-non.possessed.noun -ʔaʃ "pet" possessive classifier; NPN form of noun is ʔaʃla Elliott 1999:807 Clan name at Rincon (Strong 1979:277) 2 couplet: muuta, qeweewish 2 almost certainly not eaten no info hunted men skin used for quiver (Sparkman 1908:206) 0 0 Americas diverse habitats no
Maidu Vulpes, Urocyon hàwí fox loan into protolanguage *haw Maiduan unknown Ultan 1964:363 # 59 WW %kaw other complex -i is stem former Shipley 1963 2 2 0 0 0 no
Mojave Vulpes, Urocyon marho gray fox inheritance *p-rxa·w/m-rxa·w Proto-Yuman Langdon's 1976 FOX, Find again same underived Munro et al.1992 2 2 0 0 0 no
Mutsun Vulpes, Urocyon yah”-we Gray fox (Urocyon) (or Mephitis? in pencil) unique underived Merriam 55:403 2 2 0 0 0 no
Nisenan Vulpes, Urocyon haw fox (Merriam confirms Urocyon, gray fox) loan into protolanguage *haw Maiduan unknown Ultan 1964:363 #59; Callaghan 2001:325 matches PW *ha:w, Pynim *7aw'chHa- WW %kaw underived Uldall & Shipley 1966 2 2 0 0 0 no
Northern Paiute Vulpes, Urocyon wannge'e Fox (M: Gray fox (Urocyon) inheritance *waCni Northern Uto-Aztecan Stubbs 562 (2008:113) same underived Yerington Dictionary 2 2 0 0 0 no
Northern Sierra Miwok Vulpes, Urocyon wac:ih:a- fox (Merriam confirms gray fox 57:417) loan Central Numic S557a NUA *wanci7a “fox” ; Proto-Numic *woci'a; looks like loan from a variety with *wa, but N. Paiute has a different word from S562 *waCni; W. Mono has a Yokuts loan ha'wutsa'. Suggests that Numic recon should be *waci'a, with *a>o recent. underived Callaghan 1987 2 2 0 0 0 no
Plains Miwok Vulpes, Urocyon ju:wel, fox (CHM has ju:wel as Urocyon) inheritance *juw:el- Eastern Miwokan Callaghan 1971, 1997:58 underived Callaghan 1984 2 2 0 0 0 no
Salinan A Vulpes, Urocyon sto7 fox (Merriam Gray Fox Urocyon 55:365) unique Salinan other complex s- animal prefix Mason 1918:124; Turner 1980:74 2 2 0 0 0 no
Salinan M Vulpes, Urocyon sto' fox (Merriam Gray Fox (Urocyon) 55:365) unique Salinan other complex s- animal prefix Mason 1918:124 2 2 0 0 0 no
Seri (Comcaac) Vulpes, Urocyon xees gray fox, Urocyon cinereoargenteus unique same underived Comcaac Dictionary 584 2 2 0 0 0 no
Serrano Vulpes, Urocyon qor:Ta-T fox (CHM confirms Urocyon 72:27 inheritance *kawosi Northern Uto-Aztecan S556 (Stubbs 2009;113); this is an unusual development from *kawo, not really a nice cognate. other complex -t NPN KCHill ms 2001:50 from original file slip 2 2 0 0 0 no
Southern Paiute Vulpes, Urocyon tavangwaimpitsI Fox unique See S. Ute tavíic?ą-cI narrower (surely one of the 3 kinds of fox; Sapir doesn't say which) other complex has -pɨtsI ABS; Givon 1979 suggests the tav- here might be “sun” Sapir 1930:669 2 2 0 0 0 no
Southern Sierra Miwok Vulpes, Urocyon juw:el- fox inheritance *juw:el Eastern Miwokan Callaghan 1971 underived Broadbent 1964: 2 2 0 0 0 no
Southern Ute Vulpes, Urocyon tavíic?ą-cI fox unique see S. Paiute tavangwaimpitsI broader (there are several kinds of foxes) other complex has -ci ABS; historically might be sun-catcher-ABS Givon 1979 2 2 0 0 0 no
Tübatulabal Vulpes, Urocyon iklōpal ʔiklo:ˈbal fox inheritance *kalopV- Uto-Aztecan S560 (Stubbs 2009:113) tries to link this to Tubar kahulowi, possibly *kalop. I think is dubious but might work. Reconstruction is surely wrong -- maybe *kawo-lopV narrower (probably desert fox, Vulpes macrotis) other complex ʔiklo:ˈba-l fox-npn (root must be derived historically) Hill 2010:26 no info 2 2 no info hunted men for pelt, used for quiver, etc. 0 0 Americas Diverse habitats no
Tümpisa Shoshone Vulpes, Urocyon wotsia Gray fox inheritance *woci'a Proto-Numic Stubbs 557a same underived Dayley 1989:390 2 2 0 0 0 no
Wappo Vulpes, Urocyon lúhcha fox? wolf? loan Pomo Proto-pomo *du:cá “fox” (McLendon 1973:77 underived Sawyer 1965 2 2 0 0 0 no
Washo Vulpes, Urocyon wátziha fox sp. loan gray fox loan Northern Sierra Miwok Mins wac:ih:a- is in turn a loan from Numic ; S557a NUA *wanci7a “fox”. underived Merriam 55:297 2 2 0 0 0 no
Western Mono Vulpes, Urocyon ha'wutsa' fox loan Yokuts Note Chukchansi ow'-wooCH (also resembles Sutbbs 557a, Fowler's *woci'a in Numic, but is not cognate WW %kaw same underived Bethel et al.:27 no info 2 2 no info hunted men skin for quivers, leggings, etc. 0 0 Eastern Mono brought fox-skin leggings to trade (Gayton 2:215) no
Wintu Vulpes, Urocyon 7uwe ha:w common gray fox loan into protolanguage *ha:w Wintun unknown Shepherd 2005; identical form in Proto-Maidu, perhaps related to Yokutsan words WW %kaw relative clause Pitkin 1985 says ha:w “probably a kenning originally” (from “go”, keep going”; he glosses 7uwe as “just that way” Schlichter 1981 2 2 0 0 0 no
Yavapai Vulpes, Urocyon qqór fox inheritance *p-rxa·w/m-rxa·w Proto-Yuman Langdon 1979:637 FOX unknown Shaterian 1983 2 2 0 0 0 no
Yokuts Palewyami Vulpes, Urocyon ow'-chah Gray fox (Urocyon) inheritance *ɂawčhaɂ (NY) Yokutsan Golla 1964:62; Callaghan 2001:325 notes PW *ha:w “fox”, PM *haw “gray fox”, considers this YU-W-M, notes also Mim Ah-wah-ke “gray fox (Merriam) same underived Merriam 58:515 2 2 0 0 0 no
Yokuts Yawdanchi Vulpes, Urocyon au'tca fox (Merriam: Gray fox (WIK 58:357) inheritance *ɂawčhaɂ (NY) Yokutsan Golla 1964:62; Callaghan 2001:325 notes PW *ha:w “fox”, PM *haw “gray fox”, considers this YU-W-M, notes also Mim Ah-wah-ke “gray fox (Merriam) WW %kaw same underived Kroeber 1961:199 2 2 0 0 0 no
Yokuts Yowlumne Vulpes, Urocyon au'tca, 'aw'ca' fox (Merriam confirms gray fox, Urocyon 58:547) inheritance *ɂawčhaɂ (NY) Yokutsan Golla 1964:62; Callaghan 2001:325 notes PW *ha:w “fox”, PM *haw “gray fox”, considers this YU-W-M, notes also Mim Ah-wah-ke “gray fox (Merriam) WW %kaw same underived Kroeber 1961:199 2 2 0 0 0 no
Yuki Vulpes, Urocyon yuk=wáN-shi Cs fox (CHM Gray fox, Urocyon) unique phrase unknown elements Sawyer & Schlichter 1984 2 2 0 0 0 no
Yuma Vulpes, Urocyon met-kwah-vah' Gray fox (urocyon) inheritance *p-rxa·w/m-rxa·w Proto-Yuman Langdon 1979:637 FOX; note Cocopa màţkawá·, Yuma form MIGHT be a loan from Cocopa unknown Merriam 61:449 2 2 0 0 0 no