Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

stick/wood

Semantic Field
flora
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
palo
Meaning Portuguese
pau, vara

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes Source Created By General Notes
Bankalachi Toloim o-oot' “any stick” inheritance Jane Hill
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone huu”-pin “tree, stick, wood, club” inheritance Jane Hill
Cahuilla kelaw-at inheritance S&H 1979 Jane Hill
Central Sierra Miwok chiki/l:a- inheritance Jane Hill
Chemehuevi kukwa/p(i) inheritance Jane Hill
Chumash Barbareno pon' inheritance Klar 1977:115 Jane Hill
Chumash Cruzeno pon' “stick, wood, tree” inheritance Klar 1977:116 Jane Hill
Chumash Ineseno pon' inheritance Klar 1977:115 Jane Hill
Chumash Obispeno pono7 inheritance Klar 1977:115 Jane Hill
Chumash Ventureno pon' inheritance Klar 1977:115 Jane Hill
Cocopa 7i: inheritance Jane Hill
Comanche huupI inheritance Jane Hill
Cupeño kelawa-t [kəˈlawət] inheritance Jane Hill
Esselen i7i inheritance Shaul 1995:199 Jane Hill
Gabrielino kuta:/kota: inheritance Jane Hill
Iipay 'Aa ily [Ɂɪʎ] inheritance Jane Hill
Kawaiisu kuko-pi inheritance Jane Hill
Kiliwa 7-ipa7 “palo” 433 inheritance Jane Hill
Kitanemuk kuchat inheritance Jane Hill
Lake Miwok tu/maj inheritance Jane Hill
Luiseño kula:wu-t inheritance Jane Hill
Maidu c'a/ inheritance Jane Hill
Mojave 7a'ii inheritance Jane Hill
Mutsun tappur “wood” unknown O77:60 Jane Hill
Nisenan c'a, c'a: inheritance Jane Hill
Northern Paiute huupi inheritance Thornes 03 early page Jane Hill
Northern Sierra Miwok le:ka- unknown Jane Hill
Plains Miwok tumaj inheritance Jane Hill
Salinan A Ta:/ka7ATh (A), unknown Jane Hill
Salinan M Ta:/kATa 'wood' unknown Mason 1918:130 Jane Hill
Seri (Comcaac) hehe unknown Jane Hill
Serrano kuTa:-t inheritance Jane Hill
Southern Paiute quq:wa-G inheritance Jane Hill
Southern Sierra Miwok hyh:y-tki- loan into protolanguage, direction unknown Jane Hill
Southern Ute ivichI “stick” inheritance Jane Hill
Tübatulabal uu7u-t inheritance Jane Hill
Tümpisa Shoshone huuppin inheritance Jane Hill
Wappo ho/l loan into protolanguage Jane Hill
Washo ma7ag unknown J290 Jane Hill
Western Mono kudu/' “stick” inheritance Jane Hill
Wintu k'ok loan into protolanguage Jane Hill
Yavapai ??i /: “wood, tree” inheritance Jane Hill
Yokuts Palewyami wechit unknown JPH Berman 2002 Jane Hill
Yokuts Yawdanchi hUtac “wood” loan into protolanguage K07:243 Jane Hill
Yokuts Yowlumne hit'es loan into protolanguage, direction unknown K 1963 Jane Hill
Yuki 7al loan into protolanguage S&S 1984 Jane Hill
Yuma 7a7i:/ “wood, tree” H3:209 inheritance Jane Hill
Baniwa háiko háiko inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B.
Carijona tikuetɨ inheritance See Language page Melody Ann Ross, Zach Burnett, PLE
Cubeo aboðo; buraitʉcarʉ; jocʉjarave aboðo; buɾaitɨkaɾɨ; xokɨxaɾave unique; unknown See Language page Kelsey Neely; Tanja Baeuerlein
Dâw beedur bæduh inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., Pattie Epps
Desano yucʉgʉ jukɨgɨ inheritance See Language page Ana Paula; Tanja Baeuerlein
Eñepa iye (IDS) ije (IDS) inheritance See Language page Melody Ann Ross
Waorani õgõ-to unique See Language page Paulina Franco, Bettie Gonzalez, PLE
Hup těg těg inheritance See Language page Pattie Epps
Kakua mâ [tree], --naɁ [cl.tree.like/stick], tõp [vein] unique See Language page Katherine Bolaños
Makushi meʔsipu (IDS) meʔsipu (IDS) unique See Language page Melody Ann Ross
Nheengatu mirá mira inheritance See Language page John Blaha, Lauren Franklin
Nukak tɨ4naʔ4 unique See Language page Lauren Franklin
Maihiki masoyo ja masojo xã inheritance See Language page Daniel Valle
Pemon yei, taikapu (A1981); dök, yök, yöi (M2000) dʒei, taikapu (A1981) inheritance See Language page Melody Ann Ross, Karina Baeza
Resígaro aváanaí aváanaí inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B.
Sanumá hi ti (stick CL) hi ti (stick CL) unique See Language page Kelsey Neely
Sikuani náe-hawa, náe-bo inheritance See Language page Jonathan Quintanilla, Rebecca Khorram, PLE
Tariana háiku, héku háiku, héku inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B.
Tukano jukɨ́ jukɨ́ inheritance E Tuk See Language page Ana Paula, Amanda Novak
Kotiria yucʉcʉ (Waltz) jukʉkʉ (Waltz) inheritance E Tuk See Language page D. Jagannathan, Tanja Bauerlein
Yanomami kõã ãsho kõã ãʃo unique See Language page Kelsey Neely
Yukuna a'awaná aʔawaná inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Yuhup tég tég inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., Pattie Epps
Gajirrabeng goolbeng inheritance Claire Bowern
Gurindji karnti loan Miriwung Claire Bowern
Kija kuwulu- inheritance Claire Bowern
Miriwung gooleng inheritance Claire Bowern
Walmajarri mana inheritance Claire Bowern
Achagua áikuba áikuba inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Piapoco àicu àiku See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Yavitero ata ata See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Wapishana atʰamɨnɨ atʰamɨnɨ inheritance Proto North Arawak See Language page Ana Paula B.
Wayuu wunuʔu See Language page PLE
Yine hah-mɨna; mɨna See Language page PLE
Paresi atyalihose atyalihotse inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Ignaciano yukuki See Language page PLE
Trinitario wkuɣi; ykuɣi See Language page PLE
Baure yakis jakis inheritance See Language page Anissa Capuccino
Waurá ata ata inheritance See Language page Joyce McCormick
Cha'palaa či See Language page PLE
Bora ḯméʔe-i(tree?), ḯméʔe-kʰo, ḯmé-ne-pa ɯ́mέʔɛ-i(trɛɛ?), ɯ́mέʔɛ-kʰo, ɯ́mέ-nɛ-pa inheritance See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Muinane ɨ́meeʔ-i, dʒári-ga ɨ́mɛɛʔ-i, dʒári-ga See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Akawaio yöi jöi inheritance Venezuelan See Language page Melody Ann Ross, Lauren Franklin
Akawaio/Ingariko dialect yëi jɤi See Language page Lauren Franklin
Apalai nonoaty, wewe nonoatɨ, wewe unknown; inheritance See Language page Rebekah L. Evans
Wayana wewe wewe inheritance See Language page PLE
Makiritare dēɨ (IDS) dēɨ (IDS) inheritance See Language page Melody Ann Ross, Karina Baeza
Mapoyo yëhE (stick and wood, same as tree) jɛhə (stick and wood, same as tree) See Language page Melody Ann Ross
Wai Wai weewe weewe inheritance See Language page Melody Ann Ross
Waimiri Atroari wiwe wiwi See Language page Melody Ann Ross, PLE
Yukpa ué, vean, vi See Language page Ana Paula B., Melody Ann Ross
Kalapalo i i inheritance See Language page Joyce McCormick
Barí kaa See Language page PLE Colombia: kãtunə, means 'stick'.
Northern Emberá hʉwáte hʉwáte See Language page Jonathan Quintanilla, PLE
Epena pa'kʰuru See Language page PLE
Guayabero ne, nae inheritance Proto-Guahiban See Language page Ana Paula B., Rebecca Khorram
Macaguan nehá inheritance Proto-Guahiban See Language page Ana Paula B., Rebecca Khorram
Cuiva náe-to palo, stick Huber & Reed 1992:160 Rebecca Khorram
Playero né-hewa See Language page Rebecca Khorram
Cofán quini'cco, ttemba kiniʔkho, thɛmba See Language page Daniel Valle phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS
Candoshi-Shapra yasina jasina unique See Language page Daniel Valle
Páez vitó vito See Language page Daniel Valle
Tikuna nái (Alv44) nái unique See Language page Daniel Valle, Zach Burnett, PLE
Urarina enïa enʉa unique See Language page Daniel Valle, PLE
Camsa niɲɨ-ɕe niɲɨ-ɕe See Language page Daniel Valle, Anissa Capuchino
Andoke -kẽ́ -kẽ́ unique See Language page Kelsey Neely, PLE
Pumé tó See Language page Paulina Franco, PLE
Puinave [-pun] pun unique See Language page Daniel Valle, Zach Burnett
Ashuar númi, yúmi numi, jumi See Language page Daniel Valle
Huambisa numi numi See Language page Daniel Valle
Aguaruna númi numi inheritance See Language page Daniel Valle
Nadëb/Roçado dialect tǝ:g, ba̱:h inheritance; inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., Pattie Epps
Matses cueste kueste unknown See Language page Daniel Valle, Becky Walker
Kakataibo ii See Language page PLE *Panoan *tara with related meanings 'driftwood, rotten log, fallen tree'. *Panoan *taṣ̌a with related meanings 'driftwood, log jam in river, trees partly submerged'.
Katukina hiwi kaškɨ See Language page PLE
Shipibo-Konibo hiwi See Language page PLE
Yaminahua koṣ̌a See Language page PLE
Chácobo hiwi hiwi inheritance See Language page Joyce McCormick
Yagua jipu xipu unique See Language page Daniel Valle
Southern Pastaza Quechua caspi kaspi See Language page Daniel Valle
Ingá kaspi kaspi See Language page Daniel Valle
Napo Lowland Quichua caspi kaspi See Language page Daniel Valle
Quechua Ayacuchano kaspi kaspi See Language page Daniel Valle, PLE
Piaroa ra'uh, dáuh (palo, tree) raɁuh, dáuh unknown See Language page Amanda Novak, Becky Walker
Bará ju'kɨ See Language page Kelsey Neely, Tanja Baeuerlein
Barasano jukɨ́ jukɨ́ See Language page D. Jagannathan, Tanja Baeuerlein
Carapana 'júkɨ́ 'júkɨ́ See Language page Amanda Novak, Tanja Baeuerlein
Makuna gũmu; 'wacʉ (used for dancing) gũmu; 'wakɨ loan; unknown WW kumu log, signal drum, canoe See Language page Amanda Novak, D. Jagannathan, Tanja Bauerlein
Yuruti ju'kɨ́-gɨ ju'kɨ́-gɨ See Language page Ana Paula; Tanja Baeuerlein
Waikhana ju'kɨ sɨ ju'kɨ sɨ See Language page Ana Paula; Tanja Baeuerlein
Siriano ju'kɨ́-gɨ ju'kɨ́-gɨ See Language page Ana Paula, Kelsey Neely
Tanimuca ja'pu-a ja'pu-a unknown See Language page Kelsey Neely
Tatuyo 'júkɨ 'júkɨ See Language page Emily Buell, Paulina Franco
Tuyuka ju'kɨ ju'kɨ See Language page D. Jagannathan, Paulina Franco, Ana Paula B.
Waimaja jú'kɨ́-gɨ jú'kɨ́-gɨ See Language page Kelsey Neely
Koreguaje vãsocho bãsodʒo inheritance See Language page Daniel Valle
Siona huanso, tëca wanso, tɨka inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Secoya tarapë ta'řapɨ See Language page Amanda N
Kokama ɨwɨra ɨwɨra inheritance See Language page Zach Burnett, Daniel Valle
Wayampi wɨla wɨla inheritance See Language page PLE
Aché wɨra inheritance See Language page PLE
Chiriguano ɨwɨra inheritance See Language page PLE
Paraguayan Guaraní ɨvɨra See Language page PLE
Sirionó ira ira inheritance See Language page Joyce McCormick, Becky Walker
Ocaina dyáátya; am̈uunñ..a dʲáátʲa; am:ɯ̃ɯ̃ɲa inheritance See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Nɨpode Witoto ráda, radóti ráda, radóti See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz
Minica Witoto ráda, radóθi, aména ráda, radóθi, amέna See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz
Murui Witoto amena, rada, radoθi amɛna, rada, radoθi inheritance See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Iquito náana náana unique See Language page Cynthia Hansen
Záparo amaka, nakuna amaka, nakuna See Language page Becky Walker
Wari pana pana See Language page PLE Also means 'tree'; wiyimain pana means 'stick', lit. 'small wood'.
Araona amaha See Language page PLE Refers to a type of w., heart wood, which is hard. Cf. 'molartooth' 04.272.
Ese Ejja/Huarayo akwi (Girard 1971) akwi See Language page Joyce McCormick
Cavineña taora; akʷi taora; akʷi loan; inheritance Spanish See Language page Joyce McCormick, Becky Walker
Central Aymara lawa kˀulʸu See Language page PLE
Cayuvava 'naare ~ nãræ ~ nare See Language page PLE
Kwazá ywynwỹ, ywynwỹtsu, tsu, tsĩrjẽ-, -kanɛ ywynwỹ, ywynwỹtsu, tsu, tsĩrjẽ-, -kanɛ See Language page Joyce McCormick
Mosetén-Chimané ['tabra] See Language page Joyce McCormick, PLE From Span. 'tabla'.
Movima koʔo koʔo See Language page Anissa Capuccino, Becky Walker
Trumai ɨuɨr ɨuɨr doubtful loan, direction unknown Suyá See Language page Rebekah L. Evans, PLE
Kaingang ka ka See Language page PLE
Canela ha-ppɨ See Language page PLE *Jê form is *mɨ.
Suyá ywɨrɔ jwɨrɔ See Language page Rebekah Evans
Djeoromitxi ku ku See Language page PLE
Chipaya para See Language page PLE Refers to a small stick used for weaving or measuring.
Mocoví ḳoʔpaḳ See Language page PLE Masc. form; cf. previous entry.
Pilagá naʔ ʔipaḳ; diʔ ʔepaḳ See Language page PLE Lit. 'the (masc)-wood'.
Toba ʔipaḳ See Language page PLE
Lengua yantesiksik See Language page PLE
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité yamit aisiksik See Language page PLE
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet yaamet; yaamet ayseksek See Language page PLE
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja alaʔ See Language page PLE
Maca naxak (m.) See Language page PLE
Nivaclé yeklɔʔ wood https://ids.clld.org/ PLE
Ayoreo eero-'godeʔ See Language page PLE Also means 'firewood'.
Mapudungun mamɨlʸ See Language page PLE Same form in Ranquel.
Selknam winči See Language page PLE
Tehuelche 'bewln See Language page PLE Also 'kˀāk, 'mata, leña'; 'kˀāk 'aškˀn, lit. 'firewood inside, ' or 'matorral'.
Lokono ada ada stick Pet 1987:372 Camille Unger
Kariña epy epɨ stick; stem; tree Yamada 2010:732 Camille Unger