Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

tail

Semantic Field
body
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
cola, rabo
Meaning Portuguese
rabo

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes Source Created By General Notes
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone kwaisi, kwesi (Cherry Creek) inheritance Jane Hill
Cahuilla -kwas inheritance S&H 1979 Jane Hill
Central Sierra Miwok shu:ki- inheritance Jane Hill
Chemehuevi kwas(i)/ inheritance Jane Hill
Chumash Barbareno tel'eq inheritance Klar 1977:27 Jane Hill
Chumash Cruzeno (c)itp'ap'a unknown JPH Jane Hill
Chumash Ineseno teleq' inheritance Klar 1977:27 Jane Hill
Chumash Obispeno teLhe7 inheritance Klar 1977:27 Jane Hill
Chumash Ventureno teleq inheritance Klar 1977:27 Jane Hill
Cocopa shyuLy inheritance Jane Hill
Comanche kwasI inheritance Jane Hill
Cupeño -qwa$ [qʷəş], [ˈkʷaş] inheritance Jane Hill
Esselen pawi- unknown Shaul 1995:219 in note Jane Hill
Iipay 'Aa heyull [xəˈjʊɫ] inheritance Jane Hill
Kawaiisu kwasi-vi inheritance Jane Hill
Kiliwa pisa7 unknown Jane Hill
Kitanemuk kwacitac inheritance Jane Hill
Lake Miwok ko/ok inheritance Jane Hill
Luiseño qasii/vish inheritance Elliott Jane Hill
Maidu bu\ku/ inheritance Jane Hill
Mojave ii'ar unknown Jane Hill
Mutsun tuupuy NW, JPH unknown NW, JPH Jane Hill
Nisenan buk inheritance Jane Hill
Northern Paiute kwassi inheritance Thornes 03:93 Jane Hill
Northern Sierra Miwok su:ki- inheritance Jane Hill
Plains Miwok kol:a- (Sp) loan Jane Hill
Salinan A etshe/7u (A), unknown Jane Hill
Salinan M itsHe/'p unknown Mason 1918:126 Jane Hill
Seri (Comcaac) iip unknown Jane Hill
Serrano -wath (th is voiced) inheritance Jane Hill
Southern Paiute qwas:i-S inheritance Jane Hill
Southern Sierra Miwok hu:ki- inheritance Jane Hill
Southern Ute kwAsivI inheritance Jane Hill
Tübatulabal wishii-n inheritance Jane Hill
Tümpisa Shoshone kwasi(ttsi) inheritance Jane Hill
Wappo t'o/nuk unknown Jane Hill
Washo a/pyl unknown J341 Jane Hill
Western Mono kwazi inheritance Jane Hill
Wintu sutu inheritance Jane Hill
Yavapai vhe/ “tail, skirt” unknown Jane Hill
Yokuts Palewyami k'otosh inheritance JPH Gamble 91 Jane Hill
Yokuts Yawdanchi kutH inheritance K07:238, G64 Jane Hill
Yokuts Yowlumne k'ut'-us inheritance K 1963 Jane Hill
Yuki k'a,:s inheritance S&S 1984 Jane Hill
Carijona arokɨhə inheritance See Language page Melody Ann Ross, Zach Burnett, PLE
Cubeo pĩcoro pĩkoro inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely; Tanja Baeuerlein
Dâw dum dum inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., Pattie Epps
Desano pĩgũru, poreru pĩgũru, poreru inheritance See Language page Ana Paula; Tanja Baeuerlein
Eñepa -yɨtɨkɨn jɨtɨkɨn inheritance See Language page Melody Ann Ross
Hodï ini'nabuka'ti unique See Language page Paulina Franco, Bettie Gonzalez
Waorani õdõ-kai-bĩyæ̃ unique See Language page Paulina Franco, Bettie Gonzalez, PLE
Hup d'ǔb d'ǔb inheritance See Language page Pattie Epps
Kakua pĩh unique See Language page Katherine Bolaños
Makushi i-taukɨ (IDS) i-taukɨ (IDS) inheritance See Language page Melody Ann Ross
Nheengatu uaya uaja inheritance See Language page John Blaha, Lauren Franklin
Ninam pili šina pili ʃ̌ina inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Nukak tããʔ2 unique See Language page Lauren Franklin
Maihiki jɨcobɨ ja xɨ̃kobɨ xã inheritance See Language page Daniel Valle
Pemon darena (A1981); dare'nö (M2000) daɾena (A1981) unique See Language page Melody Ann Ross, Karina Baeza
Resígaro tshíipí tsʰíipí inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B.
Sanumá pili sina (pili possibly denotes that it's part an animal?), šina (EM72) pili sina, ʃina inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Sikuani boso (1) bosó inheritance See Language page Jonathan Quintanilla, Rebecca Khorram, PLE
Tariana di-číma, di-sipí di-tʃíma, di-sipí inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B.
Tukano pĩkṍ-rõ pĩkṍ-rõ inheritance See Language page Ana Paula, Amanda Novak
Kotiria ~phicho ~pʰičo inheritance E-W Tuk See Language page D. Jagannathan, Tanja Bauerlein
Yanomam šina (EM72) ʃina inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Yanomami pei šina pei ʃina inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Yukuna jipiji hipihi inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Arabana ingka doubtful loan Claire Bowern
Bardi niyala niyala inheritance Claire Bowern
Bunuba nyawa doubtful loan Claire Bowern
Burarra marda unknown Claire Bowern
Dhangu gurrka Claire Bowern
Dhuwal yangara Claire Bowern
Dhuwala miraŋ unknown Claire Bowern
Diyari nhura unique Claire Bowern
DiyariREU [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Djambarrpuyngu gurrka Claire Bowern
Djapu yangara unknown Claire Bowern
Djinang miman unknown Claire Bowern
Gajirrabeng nyawang inheritance Claire Bowern
Gooniyandi nyawa doubtful loan Claire Bowern
Gupapuyngu miraŋ unknown Claire Bowern
Gurindji jawut unique Claire Bowern
Jabirr-Jabirr joborr; niwal joborr; niwal inheritance Claire Bowern
Jaru ngirndi loan Claire Bowern
Jawi jungarrda jungarrda semantic shift Claire Bowern
Karajarri marrkara inheritance Claire Bowern
Kija nyawa- inheritance Claire Bowern
Malyangapa kurni loan Claire Bowern
Mangala ngulpurru inheritance Claire Bowern
Miriwung nyawang inheritance Claire Bowern
Mithaka nuRa inheritance Claire Bowern
Mudburra jawurd Claire Bowern
Mudburra jawurd unique Claire Bowern
Ngamini nura inheritance Claire Bowern
Ngandi ma-raparra inheritance Claire Bowern
Ngarluma warndi Claire Bowern
Nhirrpi ngulpa unknown Claire Bowern
Nimanburru niwal niwal inheritance Claire Bowern
Northern Mangarla makarra Claire Bowern
Northern Nyangumarta wipu loan Wati Claire Bowern
Nyangumarta wipu loan Wati Claire Bowern
Nyikina magarra makarra doubtful loan into protolanguage Claire Bowern
Nyulnyul niwarl niwarl inheritance Claire Bowern
Paakantyi gundara inheritance Claire Bowern
Pirriya [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Pitta-Pitta kurlka inheritance Claire Bowern
Rirratjingu yaŋara (also lower leg) Claire Bowern
Ritharrngu mirang unique Claire Bowern
Walmajarri nyawari loan Claire Bowern
Wangkayutyuru kulka inheritance Claire Bowern
Warrwa magarra makarra doubtful loan into protolanguage Claire Bowern
Wubuy rabarra inheritance Claire Bowern
Yan-nhangu [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Yandruwandha kurni inheritance Claire Bowern
Yarluyandi kidni inheritance Claire Bowern
Yawarrawarrka [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Yawuru makarra makarra doubtful loan into protolanguage Claire Bowern
Achagua íiʃíʃi íiʃíʃi inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Piapoco yàapusài jàapusài See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Kabiyari t̪ipi, muuku t̪ipi, muuku See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Yavitero hiľ̥i hiľ̥i See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Wapishana -ˀdyɨu ˀdjɨu inheritance Proto-Arawak? See Language page Ana Paula B.
Wayuu hɨ-si See Language page PLE
Yine nši See Language page PLE *Piro-Apuriná form is *-n-'si-pi.
Paresi iniho, ihoti iniho, ihoti inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Ignaciano 'taihiki See Language page PLE
Trinitario -ihɣi See Language page PLE
Baure i'ho-s i'ho-s inheritance See Language page Anissa Capuccino
Waurá ĩtʸu ĩtʸu inheritance See Language page Joyce McCormick
Arutani mašya maʃya See Language page John Blaha
Sape upi upi See Language page John Blaha
Cha'palaa 'ne-'pele See Language page PLE
Bora pókʷaá, kwakwááβye pókʷaá, kwakwááβjɛ unique; unique See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Muinane ííbuʔu ííbuʔu See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Akawaio areekna areʔna inheritance Proto-Carib? See Language page Melody Ann Ross, Lauren Franklin
Akawaio/Ingariko dialect ëku ɤku See Language page Lauren Franklin
Apalai arokyry arokɨrɨ inheritance See Language page Rebekah L. Evans
Wayana aptïwi, watkï aptɨwi, watkɨ unknown; inheritance See Language page PLE
Tiriyó arokï arokɨ inheritance See Language page Becky Walker
Makiritare dāʔkɨdɨ (IDS); da:'küdü (KH) da:ʔkɨdɨ inheritance See Language page Melody Ann Ross, Karina Baeza
Mapoyo wëkiri-'bë wɛkiri-'bɛ See Language page Melody Ann Ross
Wai Wai ∅-matkɨ-rɨ ∅-matkɨ-rɨ inheritance See Language page Melody Ann Ross
Yabarana koteri See Language page Ana Paula B., John Blaha
Yukpa yabuke dʒawi'ki See Language page Ana Paula B., Melody Ann Ross
Muisca suhuca suhuka See Language page Daniel Valle
Barí arihku See Language page PLE Colombia: ʔarikunə. *Chibchan form is *'duhki.
Northern Emberá drú drú See Language page Jonathan Quintanilla, PLE
Epena tru; tu See Language page PLE
Guayabero peh toʔtí-t unique See Language page Ana Paula B., Rebecca Khorram
Macaguan botsót, -ptsót botsót, -ptsót inheritance Central+Macaguan subgroup See Language page Ana Paula B., Rebecca Khorram
Cofán atse´fa atsɛʔɸa See Language page Daniel Valle phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS
Candoshi-Shapra vaniishi waniiʃi unique See Language page Daniel Valle
Taushiro jue xuɨ See Language page Daniel Valle
Páez yucnenga See Language page Daniel Valle
Tikuna na2re1xü3 (A58) nareʔɨ unique See Language page Daniel Valle, Zach Burnett, PLE
Urarina nʉsei nʉsei unique See Language page Daniel Valle, PLE
Camsa waskuatɕi-xuá waskuatɕi-xuá See Language page Daniel Valle, Anissa Capuchino
Andoke -nǝta (nom. classifier) -nǝta (nom. classifier) unique See Language page Kelsey Neely, PLE
Pumé chjiá jú, chjiá See Language page Paulina Franco, PLE
Puinave #NAME? #NAME? unique See Language page Daniel Valle, Zach Burnett
Máku ne:to ne:to See Language page PLE
Ashuar ujuké uxukɯ See Language page Daniel Valle
Huambisa ujuke uxukɨ See Language page Daniel Valle
Aguaruna ujúk uxúk inheritance See Language page Daniel Valle
Nadëb/Roçado dialect dõm inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., Pattie Epps
Matses incuente inkuente inheritance See Language page Daniel Valle, Becky Walker
Kakataibo ina See Language page PLE βũ'kã, βũ'kaš (dial.), βũ'ka (dial.) 'tail of a deer'. ɲupa 'part below the tail with no hair'. *Panoan *ina with related meaning 'male genitals'.
Katukina ina See Language page PLE
Shipibo-Konibo hina See Language page PLE
Yaminahua tɨnɨ See Language page PLE
Chácobo hina (also means "penis") hina (also means "penis") inheritance See Language page Joyce McCormick
Yagua rupadi rupandi unique See Language page Daniel Valle
Southern Pastaza Quechua chupa tʃupa See Language page Daniel Valle
Ingá chupa tʃupa See Language page Daniel Valle
Napo Lowland Quichua chupa tʃupa See Language page Daniel Valle
Quechua Ayacuchano chupa tʃupa See Language page Daniel Valle, PLE
Piaroa iwiripa ĩwĩɾĩpʔã unknown See Language page Amanda Novak, Becky Walker
Sáliva ihnehe iʔneʔe unknown See Language page Becky Walker
Bará pĩ'kõõ See Language page Kelsey Neely, Tanja Baeuerlein
Barasano ~hiko-ro ~hiko-ro See Language page D. Jagannathan, Tanja Baeuerlein
Carapana pĩcõrõ pĩkɔ̃ɾɔ̃ See Language page Amanda Novak, Tanja Baeuerlein
Makuna ~hiko ~hiko inheritance See Language page Amanda Novak, D. Jagannathan, Tanja Bauerlein
Yuruti pĩ́kõ pĩ́kõ See Language page Ana Paula; Tanja Baeuerlein
Waikhana pi'kõ-dõ pi'kõ-dõ See Language page Ana Paula; Tanja Baeuerlein
Siriano pĩ'gṹ pĩ'gṹ See Language page Ana Paula, Kelsey Neely
Tanimuca sa pĩ'koa sa pĩ'koa inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Tatuyo pĩ'kõ-rõ pĩ'kõ-rõ See Language page Emily Buell, Paulina Franco
Tuyuka pĩ'kõõ pĩʔkõõ See Language page D. Jagannathan, Paulina Franco, Ana Paula B.
Waimaja kʰɨ̃ ᵽikʰṍňṍ kʰɨ̃ ɸikʰṍrṍ See Language page Kelsey Neely
Koreguaje jĩkocho jĩkhodʒo inheritance See Language page Daniel Valle
Siona ʔĩko-yo ʔĩko-jo inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Secoya uiuke u'hukɨ̥ See Language page Amanda N
Karitiana peteppa peteppa unknown See Language page Daniel Valle
Kokama tsui tsui unique See Language page Zach Burnett, Daniel Valle
Wayampi #NAME? #NAME? inheritance See Language page PLE
Aché buaʔa unique See Language page PLE
Chiriguano #NAME? inheritance See Language page PLE
Paraguayan Guaraní t-uɣʷai See Language page PLE
Sirionó e'rokoi̯ e'rokoi̯ unique See Language page Joyce McCormick, Becky Walker
Kamayurá uwaj uwaj inheritance See Language page Rebekah L. Evans
Ocaina ohoo oʔoo unknown See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Nɨpode Witoto óda óda See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz
Minica Witoto óda óda See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz
Murui Witoto omakaï omakaɯ unique See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Iquito aniáasi (thin and long), íhuaasi (flat) aniáasi (thin and long), íwaasi (flat) unique See Language page Cynthia Hansen
Záparo uhamaka uhamaka See Language page Becky Walker
Wari kahwerein kahwerein See Language page PLE
Araona siča See Language page PLE Animal with long tail is siča-ikana.
Ese Ejja e-waʔo inheritance See Language page PLE
Ese Ejja/Huarayo e-'wi; ewaʔo (Girard 1971); ewaʔyo (Girard 1971) e-'wi; ewaʔo; ewaʔyo See Language page Joyce McCormick
Tacana e-tiða; e-tima See Language page PLE Respectively, animal tail; bird's tail. The former also refers to the long hair of a woman.
Cavineña iwa; ina (G71); ewa?o (G71); ewa?yo (G71) iwa; ina (G71); ewa?o (G71); ewa?yo (G71) inheritance; doubtful loan Panoan See Language page Joyce McCormick, Becky Walker
Central Aymara wich´inkha wičˀinkʰa See Language page PLE
Cayuvava eɲe See Language page PLE
Itonama oh-mobi See Language page PLE
Kwazá -siñũ -siñũ See Language page Joyce McCormick
Mosetén-Chimané ko'dih; pih See Language page Joyce McCormick, PLE Respectively: of a cow; of a fish.
Movima ɓa-ɬeu-kʷa ɓa-ɬeu-kʷa See Language page Anissa Capuccino, Becky Walker
Trumai asix(-ake) asix(-ake) unique See Language page Rebekah L. Evans, PLE
Kaingang my -mɨ See Language page PLE
Canela po See Language page PLE
Karajá nohewɔru; tõhewɔru See Language page PLE
Djeoromitxi o o See Language page PLE
Chipaya kʰurš See Language page PLE 'Tailbone, end of spine' is šḳutu. Uru-J form is kʰursi.
Mocoví l-ḳaiʔit See Language page PLE
Pilagá 'l-aawen-ek See Language page PLE
Toba l-ʔad-aʁašit See Language page PLE -ʔad- means 'puncture'.
Lengua epakyik See Language page PLE
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité aipakyik See Language page PLE
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet aypakyek See Language page PLE
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay #NAME? See Language page PLE
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja -kyes; -kyes-kiʔ; -kyes-kina See Language page PLE Respectively, the tail of: animal; bird; fish.
Maca ɬahac̷xiʔ (f.) See Language page PLE
Nivaclé -kˀɔʔs tail https://ids.clld.org/ PLE
Ayoreo ka'ri See Language page PLE
Mapudungun kɨlen See Language page PLE Same form in Ranquel.
Qawasqar ḳso See Language page PLE Also meltel, 'fish tail'. Ag, Em record kyoc̷ok, 'bird tail'.
Selknam ʔoš See Language page PLE
Tehuelche 'tˀēr See Language page PLE
Lokono itoko(-ho) itoko(-ho) tail Pet 1987:373 Camille Unger
Kariña andyky andɨkɨ tail Yamada 2010:713 Camille Unger