Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

drum

Semantic Field
culture-mythology
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
tambor
Meaning Portuguese
tambor

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Etymology Notes Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Word Structure Word Structure Notes General Notes Source Created By
Cahuilla missing missing No drums in aboriginal California except foot drum in Kuksu Cult areas Jane Hill
Cupeño wetilya'ash drum unique wet-in 'to beat, thresh' derived, other complex weti 'to beat' Note Nim-Yokuts *woTh(o) 'to beat' Hill & Nolasquez 1973 Jane Hill
Luiseño missing missing Jane Hill
Gabrielino missing missing Jane Hill
Serrano missing missing Jane Hill
Kitanemuk missing missing Jane Hill
Tübatulabal missing missing Jane Hill
Bankalachi Toloim missing missing Jane Hill
Kawaiisu missing missing Jane Hill
Chemehuevi missing missing Jane Hill
Southern Paiute wy-pon7noa-iH drums unique other complex pon7noa 'to drum' Sapir Jane Hill
Southern Ute papu7ni big pot, cauldron, pail, bucket, drum, barrel inheritance *paM-pi Numic Stubbs 2011 1156 simplex Givon Jane Hill
Tümpisa Shoshone wyppo7okwinnympy drum unique derived, other complex wuppo7okwi 'pound a drum' Dayley 1989 Jane Hill
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone missing missing Jane Hill
Comanche missing missing Jane Hill
Western Mono missing missing Jane Hill
Northern Paiute tukwubano drum unique derived Yerington 1987 Jane Hill
Southern Sierra Miwok tampo- drum loan Spanish also toma7-:a- WW %tambor simplex nt Broadbent 1964 Jane Hill
Central Sierra Miwok Tym:a- drum inheritance *Tum:a- Proto-Eastern Miwok Callaghan 1971:19 simplex Freeland & Broadbent 1960 Jane Hill
Northern Sierra Miwok Tum:a- to drum with feet, foot drum, sound of drum inheritance *Tum:a- Proto-Eastern Miwok Callaghan 1971:19; note Nisenan dul, Wintu tHudi simplex Callaghan 1987 Jane Hill
Plains Miwok tum:a to drum, foot drum inheritance *Tum:a- Proto-Eastern Miwok Callaghan 1971:19; nte Nisenan dul, Wintu tHudi simplex Callaghan 1984 Jane Hill
Lake Miwok missing missing Jane Hill
Maidu sòlím wóky drum unique ke-lem'-me drum of hollow log beaten with feet Merriam 41:287 phrase sôl 'sing, song' Shipley 1963 Jane Hill
Nisenan dul foot drum unique Note Wintun tHudi foot drum simplex Uldall & Shipley 1966 Jane Hill
Yokuts Yawelmani tam-bool yo-koi drum loan Spanish loan blend, yokoi is 'pot' WW %tambor phrase yo-koi is 'pot' Jane Hill
Yokuts Yawdanchi missing missing Jane Hill
Yokuts Palewyami missing missing Jane Hill
Washo dewgebúgbug drum unknown also 7itwágaboŋboŋ derived, reduplicated Washo Project Dictionary Jane Hill
Wintu tHudi something like a drum (foot drum JHH) simplex Schlichter 1981 Jane Hill
Yuki Tumul' drum (noise instrument) loan Miwok simplex Sawyer & Schlichter 1984 Jane Hill
Wappo thúm'e:ma drum loan Miwok and note Nisenan dul, Wintu tHudi derived Sawyer 1965 Jane Hill
Mutsun missing missing Jane Hill
Esselen missing missing Jane Hill
Salinan A missing missing Jane Hill
Salinan M missing missing Jane Hill
Chumash Obispeno missing missing Jane Hill
Chumash Ineseno tampol drum loan Spanish WW %tambor simplex Applegate 1972 Jane Hill
Chumash Barbareno missing missing Jane Hill
Chumash Ventureno missing missing Jane Hill
Iipay 'Aa missing missing Jane Hill
Cocopa waxá:m drum unknown simplex Crawford 1989 Jane Hill
Mojave tahoongm big drum unknown looks sound symbolic or might even be lots of metathesis from tambor compound Munro et al. 1992 Jane Hill
Yavapai 7kWè:t7úmi drum unknown reminiscent of the tuma 'foot-drum' words??? compound Shaterian 1983 Jane Hill
Kiliwa missing missing Jane Hill
Seri (Comcaac) an iquíixa water drum, barrel (container ) unknown phrase an 'container' quiixa 'have water or other liquid' Moser & Marlett 2005 Jane Hill
Kakua yǎk-at-daʔ yǎk-at-daʔ unknown Also pẽd daʔ(H&R) Derived to.pound/smash-nmlz-clːround See Language page Katherine Bolaños
Nheengatu tamburina (loan POR) tamburina (loan POR) loan Portuguese Baniwa tamoɻína; Yavitero tam'buru; Akawaio sambura; Pemon sambura; Wai Wai samaΦora; Northern Emberá thãmbura; Jivaro (e.g. Huambisa tampur); Cubeo tɛ̃mulibʉ; Ninam tambor; WW %tamburina Simplex See Language page John Blaha, Lauren Franklin, PLE, Alyssa Wadley
Waorani ã-po-ĩ-kade unique See Language page Paulina Franco, Bettie Gonzalez, PLE
Yanomami shuu huku hi (regular drum) shuu huku hi (regular drum) regular drum, (palo de monte) unknown Other complex See Language page Kelsey Neely
Ninam tambor tambor loan Portuguese/Spanish Also in Nheengatu tamburina; also Baniwa tamorína; Carib (e.g. Carijona taburu); Northern Emberá thãmbóra; Jivaro (e.g. Ashuar tampur) Simplex See Language page Kelsey Neely
Kotiria tohati tohati loan - WW Eastern branch, Proto-East Tukanoan %toto (onomatopoeic?) But compare Urarina, tǫǫto See Language page Tanja Baeuerlein
Cubeo tẽmuribʉ tɛ̃muribʉ loan Portuguese (via Nheengatu?) Baniwa < > Cubeo? Span/Port source; see Baniwa tamoɻína; Carijona taburu; Nheengatu tamburina; Ninam tambor; Aguarana family WW %tamburina Classifier -bɨ See Language page Tanja Baeuerlein; Alyssa Wadley
Tukano toʔátɨ toʔátɨ loan - WW %toto (onomatopoeic?) See Language page Ana Paula, Amanda Novak
Desano to'átoré to'átoré doubtful loan Urarina, Jivaroan, Ticuna, Kokama, E. Tukanoan See Language page Addison M; Tanja Baeuerlein
Maihiki tɨcatada ja tɨkatada xã unique See Language page Daniel Valle
Hup m'æt=b'ɔk (cutia=skin) m'æt=b'ɔk (cutia=skin) drum, lit. 'cutia skin' unique Compound cutia skin See Language page Pattie Epps
Dâw tãbuù tãbû loan Portuguese See Language page Ana Paula B., Pattie Epps
Sikuani latabo latabo unknown See Language page Jonathan Quintanilla, Brittany Weinstein
Pemon sambura (A1981); sampuura (E1980) sambura (A1981); sampura (E1980) loan Spanish/Portuguese Found widely in Carib, with some t-s correspondences (but apparently not regular). Also found Baniwa, Yavitero, Northern Emberá, Jivaro family, Cubeo, Nheengatu, Ninam See Language page Melody Ann Ross, Karina Baeza; Alyssa Wadley
Akawaio saambuura sambura loan Spanish/Portuguese Found widely in Carib, with some t-s correspondences (but apparently not regular). Also found Baniwa, Yavitero, Northern Emberá, Jivaro family, Cubeo, Nheengatu, Ninam See Language page Melody Ann Ross
Yukuna kumu missing Bora Likely loan from Bora. Signal drum: Bora, Muinane, Resigaro, Yucuna, (Paez?); bench: ET: Macuna, Tukano, Tanimuca, Bará, Waimaja (also means 'benzador' in some of these lgs); canoe: ET: Bará, Carapana, Macuna, Yuruti, Siriano, Tanimuca, Waimaja (definitel WW %kumu Simplex See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Tariana yawína jawína small drum unknown Simplex See Language page Ana Paula B.
Baniwa tamorína [loan] tamoɻína loan Port, via Nheengatu? Baniwa < > Cubeo? Port source; Nheengatu tamburinu WW %tamburina Simplex See Language page Ana Paula B.
Resígaro koómobú koómobú semantic shift cf. signal drum Likely loan from Bora. Signal drum: Bora, Muinane, Resigaro, Yucuna, (Paez?); bench: ET: Macuna, Tukano, Tanimuca, Bará, Waimaja (also means 'benzador' in some of these lgs); canoe: ET: Bará, Carapana, Macuna, Yuruti, Siriano, Tanimuca, Waimaja (definitel WW %kumu Simplex kóomo = “drum,” -bú possibly “made of liana cord” classifier See Language page Ana Paula B.
Yavitero tam'buru (Spanish loan) tam'buru (Spanish loan) See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Wayuu [kaša] From Span. 'caja' (box). See Language page PLE
Ignaciano [tampura] From Span. 'tambor'. See Language page PLE
Waurá yanatɨ-ku'ma (generic drum) janatɨ-ku'ma (generic drum) doubtful loan - WW %kumu See Language page Joyce McCormick, PLE
Cha'palaa 'ku'nunu; ['bunbu] See Language page PLE
Carijona taburu (SM) loan Spanish/Portuguese See Language page Melody Ann Ross, Zach Burnett, PLE
Mapoyo wayetepato wih koroki-ri (lit. 'my thing to touch') wayetepato wih koroki-ri (lit. 'my thing to touch') See Language page Melody Ann Ross
Wai Wai samaΦora samaΦora loan Spanish/Portuguese See Language page Melody Ann Ross
Yukpa tampora tampora See Language page Ana Paula B., Melody Ann Ross
Muisca cupqua (not specified as small or not) kupkua See Language page Daniel Valle
Northern Emberá thãmbóra (Sp: tambór) thãmbóra See Language page Jonathan Quintanilla, PLE
Epena tʰõ'doo See Language page PLE
Cofán ccosha khoʃa phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS See Language page Daniel Valle
Taushiro ava´-nu´va-´ti´-nu´vu i´chi (lit. the piece of leather which is on the stick) awaʔ-nuʔwa-ʔti-nuʔwu iʔʃi See Language page Daniel Valle
Páez quimb kimb See Language page Daniel Valle
Tikuna tô-tô (Alv44) toto loan - WW %toto (onomatopoeic?) See Language page Daniel Valle, Zach Burnett, PLE
Urarina tǫǫto tõoto loan - WW %toto (onomatopoeic?) See Language page Daniel Valle, PLE
Camsa zé.njanabe sənχanabe See Language page Daniel Valle
Ashuar tampúr tampur See Language page Daniel Valle
Huambisa tampur tampur See Language page Daniel Valle
Aguaruna tampúg tampúng loan Spanish See Language page Daniel Valle
Matses tuncate (animal hide drum) tunkate (animal hide drum) unknown See Language page Daniel Valle, Becky Walker
Chácobo komɨ; komɨ-no (generic drum) komɨ; komɨ-no (generic drum) loan - WW %kumu See Language page Joyce McCormick
Yagua richinu ritʃı̃nu unique See Language page Daniel Valle
Southern Pastaza Quechua caja (Spanish loan) kaxa See Language page Daniel Valle
Napo Lowland Quichua caja kaxa See Language page Daniel Valle
Quechua Ayacuchano tinya tinya See Language page Daniel Valle, PLE
Piaroa waná'wɨh (K76) wanáʔwɨh (K76) unknown See Language page Amanda Novak, Becky Walker
Sáliva rãpodoo rãpodoː unknown See Language page Becky Walker
Bará ju'kɨ́-tuti See Language page Kelsey Neely, Tanja Baeuerlein
Barasano generic: 'ha-bɨsi-o-ri-a-huria generic: 'ha-bɨsi-o-ri-a-huria See Language page Addison Martinez, Tanja Baeuerlein
Carapana ju'kɨ́ɨ-rika ju'kɨ́ɨ-rika See Language page Amanda Novak, Tanja Baeuerlein
Makuna bu toti, jukɨ toti bu toti, jukɨ toti loan - WW %toto (onomatopoeic?) See Language page Amanda Novak, Tanja Baeuerlein
Yuruti júkɨtoti júkɨtoti See Language page Ana Paula; Tanja Baeuerlein
Waikhana to'ʔati to'ʔati See Language page Ana Paula; Tanja Baeuerlein
Siriano tooatóré tooatóɾé See Language page Ana Paula B.
Tanimuca japu-'taʔsi-a japu-'taʔsi-a unique See Language page Kelsey Neely
Tatuyo jú'kɨ́ɨ-'rɨ́ka jú'kɨ́ɨ-'rɨ́ka See Language page
Tuyuka yu'kɨ-tuti ju'kɨ-tuti See Language page D. Jagannathan, Ana Paula B.
Waimaja yukʰɨ́gɨ̀ tʰotʰi jukʰɨ́gɨ̀ tʰotʰi See Language page Kelsey Neely
Koreguaje vativʉ batibʉ inheritance See Language page Daniel Valle
Siona huatigu watigu inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Secoya huatihuë watiwɨ See Language page Amanda Novak
Kokama tutu tutu loan - WW %toto (onomatopoeic?) See Language page Zach Burnett, Daniel Valle
Wayampi [tãpori] [tãpori] loan Portuguese See Language page PLE
Chiriguano pĩ-pĩ; aᵑgua unknown See Language page PLE
Paraguayan Guaraní aᵑguʔa-tara; aŋuʔa-tarara See Language page PLE
Sirionó hememe hememe unknown See Language page Joyce McCormick, Becky Walker
Záparo kaha kaha See Language page Becky Walker
Wari towa (E&K97) towa (E&K97) towa (EK97) See Language page PLE
Araona babatolo; bakʷetolo See Language page PLE
Cavineña komo-komo; bombo (generic drum; "bombo" is from Spanish) komo-komo; bombo loan - WW %kumu See Language page Joyce McCormick, Becky Walker
Central Aymara wankara wankara See Language page PLE
Cayuvava kemæmæ See Language page PLE
Itonama wayamama; tˀukuʔka Respectively: large; small drum. See Language page PLE
Mosetén-Chimané rikah-ri'ka Refers to the box-shape of drum. See Language page Joyce McCormick, PLE
Movima pono-tiʔi (generic) pono-tiʔi See Language page Anissa Capuccino, Becky Walker
Kaingang tũgnũg tũŋnũŋ See Language page PLE
Djeoromitxi hika hika See Language page PLE
Chipaya kaxa See Language page PLE
Mocoví l-owaʁan-a Lit. '3p possessor-strike-obj (fem)'. See Language page PLE
Lengua waiŋ-kyi See Language page PLE
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité wayka; [wompo] See Language page PLE
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet [tãpora; βõpo] See Language page PLE
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay pem See Language page PLE
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja pomitok (f.) See Language page PLE
Maca fiɬik (m.) See Language page PLE
Nivaclé -ɬanɔʔ; -ɬanɔ-tax Respectively: ritual drum; modern drum. See Language page PLE
Ayoreo ibee'uua See Language page PLE
Mapudungun kulṭ͡ʀuŋ Ranquel form is kulṭ͡ʀun ~ kulṭ͡ʀuŋ. See Language page PLE
Tehuelche 'apˀe See Language page PLE
Kariña sambura sambura drum Yamada 2010:801 Camille Unger