Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

flute

Semantic Field
culture-mythology
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
flauta, quena (Peru)
Meaning Portuguese
flauta

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes Word Structure Word Structure Notes General Notes Source
Cahuilla wiiru-piš flute inheritance *wiLu PNUA Stubbs 912 derived, other complex Seiler & Hioki 1979
Cupeño missing missing
Luiseño wiirulash flute inheritance *wiLu PNUA Stubbs 912 derived, other complex Elliott 1999
Gabrielino missing missing
Serrano wīrui'nihwa't, wirui'nit reed flute inheritance *wiLu PNUA Stubbs 912 derived, other complex K. Hill Dict.
Kitanemuk wiro'inihwa't flute of eldeberry with 2 groups of 3 holes inheritance *wiLu PNUA Stubbs 912 derived, other complex Anderton 1988
Tübatulabal lūlu'isht flute loan Southern Sierra Miwok Stubbs 912 has with *wiLu (PNUA), he says this is just the second syllable reduplicated. But is clearly Miwokan loan (similar forms elsewhere in north other complex K. Hill Tub>Eng
Bankalachi Toloim missing missing
Kawaiisu woyo flute (arch) inheritance *wiLu PNUA Stubbs 912 probably not, not a good correspondence, need to look at Dakin on reflexes of *L simplex Zigmond et al. 1990
Chemehuevi missing missing
Southern Paiute missing missing
Southern Ute wiinapY flute inheritance *wiLu PNUA Stubbs 912 This is actually the only regular NUA form if medial is *L other complex Charney
Tümpisa Shoshone wooino flute inheritance *wiLu PNUA Stubbs 912 -- this is from *woyo, clearly a Proto Numic form, plus -no formative simplex Dayley 1989
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone mujatainka flute (used in Sun Dance, not locally) unique looks loan-y simplex Miller 1972
Comanche missing missing
Western Mono missing missing
Northern Paiute wohinu flute ('made of horn or something like that' unique derived wohi 'whistle' -nu INST Liljeblad et al. 2012:698
Southern Sierra Miwok lul:a- flute inheritance Proto-Sierra Miwok but very widespread form;note PW *lul 'cylinder'; Maidu, Wappo, Mutsun --perhaps onomatopoeia so I'm not counting as WW simplex Broadbent 1964
Central Sierra Miwok lúl:a- flute inheritance Proto-Sierra Miwok but very widespread form; probably onomatopoeia simplex Freeland & Broadbent 1960
Northern Sierra Miwok sulep:a- elderberry flute inheritance *şule:p Proto-Sierra Miwok Callaghan 1971:30 other complex Callaghan 1987
Plains Miwok sulep:a- elderberry flute, whistle, siren loan Northern Sierra Miwok Callaghan 1971:30 lists as only pMis form other complex Callaghan 1984
Lake Miwok missing missing
Maidu jálulù elderberry flute loan Sierra Miwok JHH, but widespread, may be onomatopoeia other complex ja-tube (ja no meaning) Shipley 1963
Nisenan missing missing
Yokuts Yawelmani missing missing
Yokuts Yawdanchi missing missing
Yokuts Palewyami missing missing
Washo 7itgópik whistle, flute unknown derived 7it- instrument Washo Project Dictionary
Wintu li:lus, Li:lus flute inheritance *lul 'cylinder' Proto-Wintun Shepherd 2006:118; but note widespread lul forms in Mis, Maidu, Tubatulabal derived Schlichter 1981
Yuki ki'w-i-pi'i-mo>l elder flute unknown pimo>l 'flute' 85 compound Sawyer & Schlichter 1984
Wappo lúliš flute w/ 4-6 holes of maple or elderberry wood loan Patwin This is widespread, it's in Mis, maybe onomatopoeia simplex Sawyer 1965
Mutsun lullup flute loan Miwok? very widespread simplex Okrand 1977
Esselen missing missing
Salinan A T-eták'ol flute unknown other complex Turner 1987
Salinan M missing missing
Chumash Obispeno missing missing
Chumash Ineseno tiwalulay' flute inheritance Proto-Central Chumash also in B derived Applegate 1972
Chumash Barbareno tiwalul'ay flute inheritance Proto-Central Chumash derived Beeler 1978
Chumash Ventureno missing missing
Iipay 'Aa helul plays the flute; flute inheritance Proto-Yuman Yavapai lulluli (but maybe just onomatopoeia) simplex Couro & Hutcheson 1973
Cocopa wílwí(:)l flute inheritance Proto-Yuman Mojave wilawil 'musical instrument' reduplicated Crawford 1989
Mojave 7ahta cane, bamboo, flute inheritance Proto-Yuman Kiliwa 7+xta 'reed' simplex Munro et al. 1992
Yavapai lūllūl7ì flute inheritance Proto-Yuman Iipay Aa helul (but maybe just onomatopoeia) derived, reduplicated Shaterian 1983
Kiliwa tuw7=tuw7=h-7-h+uu-7-u7 flute unknown derived, reduplicated Mixco 1965
Seri (Comcaac) missing missing
Kakua ʧîw ʧîw unique Simplex multiple types? japurutu, deer-bone, etc. See Language page
Nheengatu membi (Casas2000) membi (Casas2000) inheritance *mimɨ Simplex multiple types? japurutu, deer-bone, etc. See Language page
Waorani õõya baĩ unique multiple types? japurutu, deer-bone, etc. See Language page
Hodï tahwibo (2 holes) buhwabo (8 holes) ʰtaʰwibo; ʰwãbo 8 holed unique Also: Buhwabo:2 holes Other complex Probably contains bo 'log, wood'? multiple types? japurutu, deer-bone, etc. See Language page
Yanomami horamamotima hoɾamamotima doubtful loan Eñepa aramataimə Maybe borrowing + native nominalizer? Derived nominalizer -amotima? multiple types? japurutu, deer-bone, etc. See Language page
Yanomam puɾinama usi puɾinama usi flute doubtful loan Arawak, cf. Baniwa pheelóma Other complex identified as a multimorphemic word, but unclear what the parts mean multiple types? japurutu, deer-bone, etc. See Language page
Ninam thõlema tʰõlema unknown Simplex multiple types? japurutu, deer-bone, etc. See Language page
Kotiria teneniaka, ~da'bo, karisu teneniaka, ~daʔbo, karisu inheritance Proto-East Tukanoan multiple types? japurutu, deer-bone, etc. See Language page
Cubeo japuiñʉ (generic term), cũmatʉcarʉ, cʉ̃raiñʉ, jʉaiñʉ, ñamacuaðo, ñamajipobʉ, peduyo, tarãiyo hapuiɲʉ (generic term), kũmatʉkarʉ, kʉ̃raiɲʉ, hʉaiɲʉ, ɲamakuaðo, ɲamahipobʉ, pɛdujo, tarãijo doubtful loan; unknown cf. Baniwa -hipoanhiko 'play flute' Also: kũmatʉkalʉ, kʉ̃laiɲʉ, hʉaiɲʉ, ɲamakuaðɔ, ɲamahipɔbʉ, pɛdujɔ, talãijɔ Classifier -ɲɨ multiple types? japurutu, deer-bone, etc. See Language page
Tukano buuaeɨˊ, mawáku, yamâ-dɨpoa buuaeɨˊ, mawáku, jamâ-dɨpoa type of flute unknown Simplex multiple types? japurutu, deer-bone, etc. See Language page
Desano tẽrẽdiru tẽrẽdiru inheritance Proto-East Tukanoan Simplex multiple types? japurutu, deer-bone, etc. See Language page
Maihiki juibɨ ja xuibɨ xã unknown multiple types? japurutu, deer-bone, etc. See Language page
Hup pĩh=teg pĩh=teg inheritance Proto-HY Derived play.flute=CL:stick multiple types? japurutu, deer-bone, etc. See Language page
Dâw lôtôt lotot doubtful loan Arawak japurutu Alternate: séj. e.g. Baniwa japoɺoto Simplex multiple types? japurutu, deer-bone, etc. See Language page
Sikuani kalawani (3)(type of flute); kalawapio (2) (a type of flute); jivabẽrẽ (Kondo 1973) doubtful loan North Arawak Also: kalawapio; jivabẽrẽ (set of 2 flutes played by 2 people; Kondo 1973); iba (shared Achagua, Rivet 1948) multiple types? japurutu, deer-bone, etc. See Language page
Pemon wosekpue (flauta hecha de tibia de animal, preferentement de venado), kaikra (nombre de la caña que se usa para hacer flautas y bodoqueras. La misma flauta) (A1981) wosekpue, kaikɾa (A1981) flute made of the tibia of an animal, preferably a deer unknown Alternate: kaikɾa multiple types? japurutu, deer-bone, etc. See Language page
Eñepa aramataimə; ariʔrik;(nasal) makooya, Var. majkaya, (para inhalar) majkowaya, (traversa) are're (MM) aramataimə; ariʔrik;(nasal) makooja, Var. mahkaja, (para inhalar) mahkowaja, (traversa) areʔre (MM) unknown Alternate: aramataimə, ariʔrik, mahkaja, (para inhalar) mahkɔwaja, (traversa) areʔre multiple types? japurutu, deer-bone, etc. See Language page
Yukuna kewirí kewiɾí inheritance Proto North Arawak May be cognate Wapishana Simplex multiple types? japurutu, deer-bone, etc. See Language page
Tariana talíwa talíwa flute (generic?) unknown Simplex multiple types? japurutu, deer-bone, etc. See Language page
Wapishana kʰuwɨda kʰuwɨda inheritance Proto North Arawak May be cognate Yucuna Simplex multiple types? japurutu, deer-bone, etc. See Language page
Baniwa yapolóto, kolirína (there are others) japoɺóto, koɺiɻína (there are others) inheritance Proto North Central Arawak Alternate: koɺiɻína Simplex multiple types? japurutu, deer-bone, etc. See Language page
Resígaro fídodó fídodó inheritance? Yagua Simplex multiple types? japurutu, deer-bone, etc. See Language page
Achagua bútutu bútutu inheritance multiple types? japurutu, deer-bone, etc. See Language page
Piapoco íwa, japuɺuɺu (R01) íwa; japuɺuɺu (R01) multiple types? japurutu, deer-bone, etc. See Language page
Yavitero ya'huľuľu ja'huľuľu multiple types? japurutu, deer-bone, etc. See Language page
Bare bíya bíja multiple types? japurutu, deer-bone, etc. See Language page
Wayuu totohi; masi; sawawa multiple types? japurutu, deer-bone, etc. See Language page
Paresi yamaˈka 'flauta secreta' jamaˈka 'flauta secreta' unknown multiple types? japurutu, deer-bone, etc. See Language page
Ignaciano siwiwire multiple types? japurutu, deer-bone, etc. See Language page
Trinitario iakuʔi; uruʔa The latter ex. is a pair of long flutes. The house of the flutes is fetɬt̯at̯. See Language page
Waurá watana; kuluta; kawɨka watana; kuluta; kawɨka unknown multiple types? japurutu, deer-bone, etc. See Language page
Cha'palaa 'puh'kuna multiple types? japurutu, deer-bone, etc. See Language page
Bora chiiyóro, péérihyo tʃʰiijóro, pʰéériʔjo doubtful loan, direction unknown Iquito puráaha multiple types? japurutu, deer-bone, etc. See Language page
Muinane mɨríícu (Yurupari trumpet?); sírumeeje, tyotyítyiba mɨrííku (Yurupari trumpet?); sírumeexe, tjotjítjiba multiple types? japurutu, deer-bone, etc. See Language page
Apalai rue, turekoka rue, turekoka inheriance multiple types? japurutu, deer-bone, etc. See Language page
Wayana tïtïlu, tule, eu tɨtɨlu, tule, eu inheriance multiple types? japurutu, deer-bone, etc. See Language page
Carijona taregua (M2000) inheriance multiple types? japurutu, deer-bone, etc. See Language page
Makiritare hīču (IDS); hi:chu (KH) hi:tʃu unknown multiple types? japurutu, deer-bone, etc. See Language page
Mapoyo te'rua; puhki (other type) te'rua; puhki (other type) multiple types? japurutu, deer-bone, etc. See Language page
Wai Wai raatɨ raatɨ unknown multiple types? japurutu, deer-bone, etc. See Language page
Waimiri Atroari xinja ʃiɲa multiple types? japurutu, deer-bone, etc. See Language page
Yukpa timi timi multiple types? japurutu, deer-bone, etc. See Language page
Northern Emberá plaúta (Sp: flauta) plaúta multiple types? japurutu, deer-bone, etc. See Language page
Epena 'siru; pʰi'pʰana Latter is 'panpipe'. See Language page
Cofán dendo´cco dendoʔkho phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS multiple types? japurutu, deer-bone, etc. See Language page
Candoshi-Shapra tiroochzi tiɾootʃʂi unique multiple types? japurutu, deer-bone, etc. See Language page
Páez cobi kobi multiple types? japurutu, deer-bone, etc. See Language page
Tikuna iiauéro (Alv44); que2-5na5 (A58) ijawéro; kena (loan Quechua) unknown; loan Quechua multiple types? japurutu, deer-bone, etc. See Language page
Urarina dʒufwana, aʉno dʒufwana, aʉno unique; unique multiple types? japurutu, deer-bone, etc. See Language page
Warao esemoi esemoi multiple types? japurutu, deer-bone, etc. See Language page
Ashuar japawea, peém, nángku xapawɯã, pɯ:m, naŋku multiple types? japurutu, deer-bone, etc. See Language page
Huambisa pigkui piŋgkui multiple types? japurutu, deer-bone, etc. See Language page
Aguaruna pigkúi pingkúi loan Quechua/Aymara pinkillu multiple types? japurutu, deer-bone, etc. See Language page
Nukak pɛt dãʔ unique multiple types? japurutu, deer-bone, etc. See Language page
Yuhup pĩ̌h multiple types? japurutu, deer-bone, etc. See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect wariː doubtful loan North Arawak, e.g. Yukuna kewirí multiple types? japurutu, deer-bone, etc. See Language page
Matses shoncate ʃonkate unknown multiple types? japurutu, deer-bone, etc. See Language page
Kakataibo rɨɨ *Panoan *rɨwɨ. See Language page
Katukina rɨwɨ multiple types? japurutu, deer-bone, etc. See Language page
Shipibo-Konibo ečui̯hui̯sa multiple types? japurutu, deer-bone, etc. See Language page
Chácobo pakawa pakawa unknown multiple types? japurutu, deer-bone, etc. See Language page
Yagua dudu ndundu unknown multiple types? japurutu, deer-bone, etc. See Language page
Southern Pastaza Quechua lawta (Spanish loan), pingullu lawta multiple types? japurutu, deer-bone, etc. See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua pingullu pinguʎu multiple types? japurutu, deer-bone, etc. See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano qena qena multiple types? japurutu, deer-bone, etc. See Language page
Piaroa tereterena tereterena doubtful loan Tukanoan multiple types? japurutu, deer-bone, etc. See Language page
Barasano tõro tõro multiple types? japurutu, deer-bone, etc. See Language page
Carapana besuʉ bɛsuɨ multiple types? japurutu, deer-bone, etc. See Language page
Makuna tẽroraga tẽɾoɾaga inheritance multiple types? japurutu, deer-bone, etc. See Language page
Siriano bojóru, tõrõdirú bohóɾu, tõɾõdiɾú multiple types? japurutu, deer-bone, etc. See Language page
Tuyuka tõõ-rõ-ri-wɨ tõõ-rõ-ri-wɨ multiple types? japurutu, deer-bone, etc. See Language page
Koreguaje phĩcovʉ phĩkobʉ doubtful loan shared Secoya; Aymara/Quechua pinguʎu multiple types? japurutu, deer-bone, etc. See Language page
Siona ba'baro, jetu baʔbaro, hetu unknown multiple types? japurutu, deer-bone, etc. See Language page
Secoya pi'cohuë pĩʔkɔwɨ multiple types? japurutu, deer-bone, etc. See Language page
Karitiana nhewy, sowy ɲewɨ, sowɨ unknown multiple types? japurutu, deer-bone, etc. See Language page
Kokama tiama tiama inheritance multiple types? japurutu, deer-bone, etc. See Language page
Wayampi yɛmiʔa (G89) jɛmiʔa (G89) unknown multiple types? japurutu, deer-bone, etc. See Language page
Aché mibɨ inheritance multiple types? japurutu, deer-bone, etc. See Language page
Chiriguano (če-)remiᵐbɨ inheritance multiple types? japurutu, deer-bone, etc. See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní miᵐbɨ multiple types? japurutu, deer-bone, etc. See Language page
Sirionó moi (also means 'throat'). Also large flute, made of bamboo, [pinkilʸo], from Quechua 'pinkuyllu'. Also [kena], from Quechua 'qena'. moi (also means 'throat'). Also large flute, made of bamboo, [pinkilʸo], from Quechua 'pinkuyllu'. Also [kena], from Quechua 'qena'. semantic shift; loan Quechua multiple types? japurutu, deer-bone, etc. See Language page
Ocaina pochiiña potʃiiɲa unique multiple types? japurutu, deer-bone, etc. See Language page
Murui Witoto figo (small), gagɨcaɨ̀ (large) ɸigo (small), gagɯkaɯ̀ (large) unique multiple types? japurutu, deer-bone, etc. See Language page
Iquito puráaja puráaha doubtful loan, direction unknown Bora pʰéériʔjo multiple types? japurutu, deer-bone, etc. See Language page
Záparo naahwa naːhwa multiple types? japurutu, deer-bone, etc. See Language page
Wari xuwiwio' (E&K97) ʃuwiwioʔ (E&K97) ʃuwiwioʔ (EK97) See Language page
Araona moi Also babadewe; dewe. *Tacn form is *moŕi. See Language page
Ese Ejja ɗewe; emea-xi inheritance multiple types? japurutu, deer-bone, etc. See Language page
Cavineña raota; mori (Girard states that raota is from the Spanish "flauta") raota; mori loan; inheritance Spanish multiple types? japurutu, deer-bone, etc. See Language page
Central Aymara pinkillu ḳina multiple types? japurutu, deer-bone, etc. See Language page
Itonama palawɨʔta multiple types? japurutu, deer-bone, etc. See Language page
Kwazá dyry, hãxyi, kẽwẽxu, -lotxwɛ, hãxyilotxwɛ (the latter, hãxyilotxwɛ, is a specific kind of flute with four holes) dyry, hãxyi, kẽwẽxu, -lotxwɛ, hãxyilotxwɛ (the latter, hãxyilotxwɛ, is a specific kind of flute with four holes) multiple types? japurutu, deer-bone, etc. See Language page
Mosetén-Chimané buɲe-'dʸeʔ multiple types? japurutu, deer-bone, etc. See Language page
Movima polauta polauta multiple types? japurutu, deer-bone, etc. See Language page
Trumai iakuʔi; uruʔa iakuʔi; uruʔa unknown multiple types? japurutu, deer-bone, etc. See Language page
Kaingang hotore (IDS) hotore multiple types? japurutu, deer-bone, etc. See Language page
Djeoromitxi opä opǝ multiple types? japurutu, deer-bone, etc. See Language page
Chipaya pirkalʸu multiple types? japurutu, deer-bone, etc. See Language page
Mocoví l-peʔt-e Lit. '3p possessor-blow-obj (fem)'. Also means 'horn' 18.730. See Language page
Toba swiwre multiple types? japurutu, deer-bone, etc. See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité yaamaamok multiple types? japurutu, deer-bone, etc. See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet kina multiple types? japurutu, deer-bone, etc. See Language page
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay #NAME? multiple types? japurutu, deer-bone, etc. See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja sapop ~ -syapop (m.) multiple types? japurutu, deer-bone, etc. See Language page
Maca foχ (f.) multiple types? japurutu, deer-bone, etc. See Language page
Nivaclé #NAME? Arribeños dialect, archaic flute is sile sile. See Language page
Ayoreo ubu'čui multiple types? japurutu, deer-bone, etc. See Language page
Mapudungun pifɨlʸka Ranquel form is pivilka ~ vivilka. See Language page
Lokono bejokha bejokʰa flute Pet 1987:358
Kariña kuwama kuwama bamboo sp, flute Yamada 2010:756