Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

clothing

Semantic Field
culture-mythology
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
ropa
Meaning Portuguese
roupa

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes Word Structure Word Structure Notes General Notes Source
Cahuilla xelyal clothes unknown Cupeno has a hel- root in 'old raggedy clothes' other complex Seiler & Hioki 1979
Cupeño hisexvel clothing, goods inheritance *ysy© Northern Uto-Aztecan Stubbs 2011 248 other complex Hill & Nolasquez 1973
Luiseño miyxanish clothes, dress inheritance *miyxan Cupan also in Cupeno -mixan 'belongings' derived, other complex Eliott 1999
Gabrielino moha:von tu ropa (fresada) inheritance *ha-pyt Uto-Aztecan Stubbs 2011 244 other complex Hill Harrington notes
Serrano havy7 (poss) clothes inheritance *ha-pyt Uto-Aztecan Stubbs 2011 144; absolutive is -t, "blanket" in Merriam 48:173 other complex K. Hill Dict.
Kitanemuk havït skin, blanket, clothes inheritance *ha-pyt Uto-Aztecan Stubbs 2011 244; also -tavï for modern dress or clothes Anderton 1988:518 other complex Anderton 1988
Tübatulabal üttüsshal clothes inheritance *wytta Northern Uto-Aztecan might be a loan from W. Numic, Stubbs 2011 253b; note Yawlmani Suto:sol 'shirt' Newman 109 other complex K. Hill Tb>Eng
Bankalachi Toloim missing missing
Kawaiisu hii-(m)by-zi beads; clothes inheritance *hini Numic Stubbs 2011 2283; see Chemehuevi "bead"; probably a "belongings" word other complex hii-(m)by 'money' Zigmond et al. 1990
Chemehuevi tywarengI belongings, clothes, furniture, etc. unique derived Harrington Chemehuevi Noun List (K. Hill 1969)
Southern Paiute ma:vy, maa-fy clothing (identical with ma:- thing) unique the "things, possessions' word; also naro7o-N (psd) clothes (582) other complex Sapir
Southern Ute taa7 shirt, clothes inheritance *tawa Uto-Aztecan Stubbs 2011 256 simplex Givon
Tümpisa Shoshone summo7a clothes unique simplex Dayley 1989
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone kwasun dress, shrit, clothes inheritance *kwasu Uto-Aztecan Stubbs 2011 483 simplex Crapo 1976
Comanche namahku clothes (any wearing apparel), household goods, belongings inheritance *nammakku Numic See also T. sho namokku(n) 'money', Comanche 'clothes'; W. Mono naawakU 'string of shell money', N. Paiute namakko 'old kind of beads; also hoi-yah, ahts-ă-kan-nah red & blue beads, probably Hudson Bay Merriam 45:303 simplex R
Western Mono natygyn clothing, adornment unique Stubbs 489?? simplex may have na- Loether & Bethel 1993
Northern Paiute sagwatza clothing, possessions unique kwasu clothing, shirt, costumes 41 other complex Yerington 1987
Southern Sierra Miwok 7yhty-j:a- clothes unique other complex Broadbent 1964
Central Sierra Miwok 7yká:py- clothes, garments unique perhaps related to Mins 7ykpa 'to adorn'?? simplex Freeland & Broadbent 1960
Northern Sierra Miwok sok:e:7a- clothes unique shok:e 'all' in Mics??? simplex sok:e- things, everything Callaghan 1987
Plains Miwok haje7:a-, haje:7a clothes unique other complex haj:e- 'beside, near' Callaghan 1984
Lake Miwok kolénni clothes, things to wear unique also númmanuma 'clothes, possessions, things equipment' 103 fromnúma 'some sort of' other complex kóle 'to wear' Callaghan 1965
Maidu c'í clothing, put on inheritance *c'íh Proto-Maiduan Ultan 1964:362 simplex Shipley 1963
Nisenan c'i: clothes inheritance *c'íh Proto-Maiduan Ultan 1964:362 simplex also 'wear, cover, cover with blanket' Uldall & Shipley 1966
Yokuts Yawelmani missing missing there is a word for 'belongings', find
Yokuts Yawdanchi missing missing
Yokuts Palewyami missing missing
Washo 7itwá7 clothes unknown derived 7it- instrument Washo Project Dictionary
Wintu t'aLas clothes inheritance *t'aLa Proto-Wintun Shepherd 2006:183 derived Schlichter 1981
Yuki 7ačH (S) clothes, clothing inheritance *7ač Proto-North Yukian simplex Schllichter 1985
Wappo may-khúy'e-ma clothing unknown compound, derived Elmendorf 1996
Mutsun ro:pa clothes loan Spanish WW %ropa esxen 'dress, clothes' Mason 1916:433 simplex Okrand 1977
Esselen missing missing
Salinan A sikara/na clothes unknown simplex Mason 1918
Salinan M missing missing
Chumash Obispeno exetehs, extechs toute espèce de vêtements unknown copy of Fages simplex Harrington
Chumash Ineseno haxwi=7 clothes, clothing inheritance Proto-Central Chumash derived final -7 is instrumental from haxwi-n 'to dress' Applegate 1972
Chumash Barbareno 7axwin' clothes inheritance Proto-Southern Chumashan see haxwi- in IC derived suffix -n' Beeler 1978
Chumash Ventureno axwi clothes inheritance Proto-Southern Chumashan simplex Mamet 2008
Iipay 'Aa tehiilly clothes, shirt, is dressing, wears unknown simplex Couro & Hutcheson 1973
Cocopa nYu7á:l clothes unknown derived from 'wear'?? Crawford 1989
Mojave suunaa clothes, clothing unknown simplex Munro et al. 1992
Yavapai wívi clothes unknown simplex Shaterian 1983
Kiliwa missing missing
Seri (Comcaac) xiica iti ooquim clothing (cosas que el o ella se pone) unknown phrase Moser & Marlett 2005
Bardi anmarr unique
Warrwa balya unique
Yan-nhangu girri' semantic shift ‘things’
Ritharrngu gurluty unique
Karajarri larnparri warra unique
Gupapuyngu mardhakal semantic shift
Dhuwal mardhakal semantic shift
Djinang mirikal loan direction unknown
Burarra mirikal loan direction unknown
Gumatj muwayak semantic shift
Dhangu muwayak semantic shift
Nyikina palya unique
Ngarluma wara doubtful loan
Yulparija wararri loan areal
Walmajarri kuluwuty loan English
Mudburra apaapa loan Jingulu WW %wapawapa Wambaya waba 'skin'
Gurindji wapaapa loan Wambaya WW %wapawapa with semantic shift Wam. Wapa 'skin' cf. Gurindji and other languages warrpa 'bat's wing'
Bunuba mampu missing
Jingulu wapaapa inheritance WW %wapawapa Wambaya redup of 'skin'; also larnku
Miriwung wapawapang loan Jingulu WW %wapawapa dress < Wambaya 'skin'
Wardaman yiwarlng unknown dress, clothes
Achagua íibalaʃi íibalaʃi inheritance? shared Piapoco See Language page
Piapoco bàlesi bàlesi See Language page
Yukuna a'arumakaji aʔaɾumakahi inheritance See Language page
Tariana yaɾu-maká-si jaɾu-maká-si inheritance See Language page
Baniwa -náani -náani unique See Language page
Resígaro vedéemú vedéemú doubtful loan Bora kwáxjamɯ See Language page
Yavitero nawa nawa See Language page
Wapishana kʰamičʰa-n kʰamitʃʰa-n loan Spanish See Language page
Wayuu ta-šeein See Language page
Yine mka *Piro-Apuriná form is *'mãka. See Language page
Paresi imiti imiti unknown See Language page
Ignaciano -muiriʔa Men's clothing is ahaira-muiriʔa. See Language page
Trinitario -muiiʔo; -yeeruwo See Language page
Baure ra'roni (male) ra'roni (male) unknown See Language page
Waurá -nai -nai unknown See Language page
Cha'palaa 'hali ~ 'halʸi Also means 'cloth. See Language page
Bora wájyamu kwáxjamɯ unique See Language page
Muinane gááchehu, -chéhu (W97) gáátʃeʔu, -tʃéhu See Language page
Akawaio pong pɔŋ inheritance See Language page
Apalai upo upo inheritance See Language page
Wayana upo upo inheritance See Language page
Carijona juruji (cloth) unknown See Language page
Tiriyó i-po i-po inheritance See Language page
Eñepa po; [kamiča]; poto, -po, Var. -ipo, kamicha (MM) pɔ; [kamitʃa]; pɔtɔ, Var. -ipɔ, kamitʃa (MM) inheritance See Language page
Makiritare womɨ (IDS); womü (KH) (also means 'dress, garments') womɨ unique See Language page
Makushi pon (SM) pon (SM) inheritance See Language page
Mapoyo ka'-ri (also means material and blanket) ka'-ri (also means material and blanket) See Language page
Pemon pon (A1981); pontoo (E1980) pon (A1981); pɔnto (E1980) inheritance See Language page
Wai Wai Φoono Φoono inheritance See Language page
Yukpa aropa (SM) aropa (SM) See Language page
Barí duksā See Language page
Northern Emberá wáa wáa See Language page
Epena 'pʰaru See Language page
Macaguan onsét onsét unknown See Language page
Cofán sarupa (ropa); ondiccu'je (cushma) sarupa; ondikhuʔhe phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS See Language page
Candoshi-Shapra kamaazi kamaaʂi loan Spanish camisa See Language page
Taushiro a´nova aʔnowa See Language page
Páez ati ati See Language page
Tikuna naxpü naʔpɨ unique See Language page
Urarina kahjune kahjune unique See Language page
Andoke (Nom. class) -sea (Nom. class) -sea unique See Language page
Waorani ba-dõ-ĩ-koo unique See Language page
Hodï toto unique See Language page
Pumé tʰibo See Language page
Puinave yui-ot yui-ot unique See Language page
Máku kamiča 'pano' See Language page
Ashuar tárach taraʧ See Language page
Huambisa jaanch xa:ntʃ See Language page
Aguaruna jáanch xá:ntʃ inheritance See Language page
Kakua yegěʔ-ʧû [clothes-cl.cover/skin]; hãʔ-ʧû unknown See Language page
Hup yǔd jǔd inheritance See Language page
Yuhup jûd See Language page
Dâw yuùn jûn inheritance See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect ʃaɾo:ɾ (Martins dict) loan - WW %sarur, via Nheengatu See Language page
Matses dashcute daʃkute unknown See Language page
Kakataibo čupa; ha'pa *Panoan *tari 'tunic'. See Language page
Katukina tari See Language page
Shipibo-Konibo tari; sawɨ-ti; kotõ Latter form is 'blusa'. Also čopa. See Language page
Yaminahua rapa-ti See Language page
Chácobo sawɨ-ti sawɨ-ti inheritance See Language page
Yagua sujay suxaj unique See Language page
Southern Pastaza Quechua camisa (Spanish loan) kamisa See Language page
Ingá churaridiru tʃuraridiru See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua churana tʃuɾana See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano pacha patʃa See Language page
Piaroa tɨk'ata'wE tiñɨ'ɨh tɨkɁataɁwæ tiñɨɁɨh unknown See Language page
Sáliva muãha, muña muãʔa, muɲa unknown See Language page
Barasano sudi sudi See Language page
Cubeo cuitótecaje kuitótɛkahɛ unique See Language page
Carapana jutiro xutiɾo See Language page
Desano suhri suhri inheritance See Language page
Kotiria suhtiro (Waltz) suhtiɾo (Waltz) inheritance See Language page
Makuna yutabaju, yutabuju yutabaxu, yutabuxu semantic shift from 'cotton' See Language page
Tanimuca ha'riro a'ka ha'riro a'ka inheritance See Language page
Tukano su'tí su'tí inheritance See Language page
Tuyuka su'ti su'ti See Language page
Maihiki to ja to xã unknown See Language page
Koreguaje kãña khãɲa inheritance See Language page
Siona can kan inheritance See Language page
Secoya ca kã See Language page
Karitiana pykyp pɨkɨp unknown See Language page
Nheengatu axirura aʃiɾuɾa inheritance - WW %sarur See Language page
Kokama chiru tʃiɾu inheritance - WW %sarur, prob loan into Inga Quechua See Language page
Wayampi tɨlu tɨlu inheritance See Language page
Aché tɨru inheritance See Language page
Chiriguano ᵐbae-moⁿde unknown See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní ao See Language page
Sirionó tiru; ei̯rao tiru; ei̯rao inheritance See Language page
Kamayurá tɨruhet tɨruhet inheritance See Language page
Ocaina an̈áánca ('ropa interior') an:ã́ã́ka ('ropa interior') inheritance See Language page
Murui Witoto ɨniroì, ɨnicuìro ɯniroì, ɯnikuìro (B83) inheritance See Language page
Ninam kamiša-k (ids) kamiʃ̌a-k (ids) loan Portuguese See Language page
Yanomam iɾo sikɨ iɾo sikɨ inheritance See Language page
Yanomami iro sikɨ iɾo sikɨ inheritance See Language page
Iquito sinaáqu+ sinaákɨ unknown See Language page
Záparo shiiryapicha ʃiːrjapiʧa See Language page
Wari wom (also 'cotton') (Sousa2009) wom (also 'cotton') (Sousa2009) See Language page
Araona haiba-i; maša The 'cushma', man's bark-cloth garment is kʷabomala. A sling over the shoulder to carry the baby is ona. *Tacn form is *ona. See Language page
Ese Ejja ɗaki unique See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo daki daki See Language page
Tacana ehoď̶o-(h)i Older man's dress is sa 'camiheta (Span. 'camisa')'; older woman's dress is ðiri 'tipoy'. See Language page
Cavineña e-hoto-ki; kamisa-kʷana (The latter is from the Spanish "camisa") e-hoto-ki; kamisa-kʷana unique; loan Spanish See Language page
Central Aymara isi isi See Language page
Cayuvava oǰa; ɔǰa; yoǰa ~ kioǰa; 'rãβɔ̃kɔ̃ See Language page
Itonama makaya; čoskoni; učasba See Language page
Mosetén-Chimané koft'yi-t; kis'ye Respectively: men's and women's clothing; the latter also means 'cloth' 06.210. Also sa'rasa, 'cloth'. See Language page
Movima ɗoʔwe ɗoʔwe See Language page
Trumai mut mut unique See Language page
Kaingang kur kur See Language page
Suyá kučé kučé See Language page
Djeoromitxi kukä, kä kukǝ, kǝ See Language page
Chipaya škiti Uru-J form is škiti. See Language page
Mocoví l-oho See Language page
Pilagá l-ewo See Language page
Toba al-ogo See Language page
Lengua apawa See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité aktaɬnima See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet nentaɬnama; apaawa See Language page
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay to-we'yis See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja -wuy ~ -yuy; -waxaleʔ See Language page
Maca #NAME? See Language page
Nivaclé -siwɔklɔk ɬa-yeʔč; watˀuixatšiyis See Language page
Ayoreo bo'raa; bo'raai-dieʔ Same as 'cloth' 06.210. See 06.950. Also igi'de 06.420, 06.440. See Language page
Mapudungun wesakelu; takun Ranquel form is wesakelu. See Language page
Qawasqar awelḳa AgC, Sk, Bo, Ca, Ir record ac̷ec̷o for Central QWS. See Language page
Selknam ʔòli See Language page
Tehuelche 'ḳāḳewtn Refers to 'ropa de chulengo'. See Language page
Lokono bokolho (-ho) bokoɽo(-ho) clothing Pet 1987:354
Kariña pangi paŋi clothing Yamada 2010:787