Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

tobacco (native)

Semantic Field
narcotics
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
Meaning Portuguese

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes Word Structure Word Structure Notes General Notes Source
Cahuilla piva-t tobacco; smoking inheritance *pipaC Uto-Aztecan Stubbs 2011 2348 other complex Seiler & Hioki 1979
Cupeño pivat tobacco inheritance *pipaC Uto-Aztecan Stubbs 2011 2348 other complex Hill & Nolasquez 1973
Luiseño piivat tobacco, cigarette inheritance *pipaC Uto-Aztecan Stubbs 2011 2348 other complex Elliott 1999
Gabrielino pi:vat; $u:key (H572,3) tobacco inheritance *pipaC Uto-Aztecan Yok-Utian WW %sokon Stubbs 2011 2348; $u:key is Utian origin Wanderwoerter other complex Hill Harrington Notes
Serrano pīvt tobacco inheritance *pipaC Uto-Aztecan Stubbs 2011 2348 other complex K. Hill Dict.
Kitanemuk civut Nicotiana bigelovii (cultivated) semantic shift *cipuC Uto-Aztecan < 'bitter' Stubbs 2011 231 means bitter absolutely EVERY other lg so s.s. is justifiable other complex Anderton 1988
Tübatulabal sho'kohnt tobacco loan Yokuts WW %sokon other complex K. Hill Tub>Eng
Bankalachi Toloim so'-kunt' Indian tobacco loan Yokuts WW %sokon other complex Merriam 49:197
Kawaiisu so7o(n)-dy tobacco, Nicotiana bigelovii loan Yokuts WW %sokon ko7o-pi N. attenuata other complex Zigmond et al. 1990
Chemehuevi ko7wa/pI tobacco unknown Stubbs 2011 2351 S. Numic only; I think prob from 'burn' other complex Harrington Chemehuevi Noun List (K. Hill 1969)
Southern Paiute qwo7appI Indian tobacco unknown Stubbs 2011 2351 S. Numic only; I think prob from 'burn' other complex Sapir
Southern Ute qo7a-pY tobacco unknown Stubbs 2011 2351 S. Numic only; I think prob from 'burn' other complex Givon
Tümpisa Shoshone pahompin, pahompy tobacco, cigarette loan Yokuts WW %pa7mo thru Tub? other complex Dayley 1989
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone pahmun, pahmon tobacco loan Yokuts WW %pa7mo into proto-central? simplex Crapo 1976
Comanche pahmu tobacco loan Yokuts WW %pa7mo into Proto-Central Numic simplex R
Western Mono missing missing
Northern Paiute pooebahmoo Indian tobacco, manzanita loan Yokuts WW %pa7mo the pooe part is pui 'green' simplex Yerington 1987
Southern Sierra Miwok ka:hy- wild tobacco inheritance Proto-Miwokan Callaghan suggests in Bodega Dic that Pmiw *kajaw and Pmie *ka:sy- do go together somehow but gives no reconstruction; Note Pmiw *kajaw; this may be Pmi (Callaghan 1970:33) simplex Broadbent 1964
Central Sierra Miwok hú:tija- tobacco unique simplex Freeland & Broadbent 1960
Northern Sierra Miwok ka:sy- tobacco inheritance Proto-Miwokan Callaghan suggests in Bodega Dic that Pmiw *kajaw and Pmie *ka:sy- do go together somehow but gives no reconstruction simplex Callaghan 1987
Plains Miwok ka:sy- tobacco inheritance Proto-Miwokan Callaghan suggests in Bodega Dic that Pmiw *kajaw and Pmie *ka:sy- do go together somehow but gives no reconstruction simplex Callaghan 1984
Lake Miwok kájaw tobacco inheritance *kájaw Proto-Western Miwok possibly Pmi (Callaghan 1970:33) simplex Callaghan 1965
Maidu pân tobacco inheritance *pan Proto-Maiduan Ultan 1964:365 simplex Shipley 1963
Nisenan pan Indian tobacco inheritance *pan Proto-Maiduan Ultan 1964:365 simplex Uldall & Shipley 1966
Yokuts Yawelmani so:k'on tobacco inheritance Yok-Utian WW %sokon Callaghan 1997:41 simplex Harrington
Yokuts Yawdanchi sòkon tobacco inheritance Yok-Utian WW %sokon Callaghan 1997:41 simplex Kroeber 1907
Yokuts Palewyami so'-kon tobacco inheritance Yok-Utian WW %sokon Callaghan 1997:41 simplex Berman 2002
Washo báŋkuš tobacco, cigar, cigarette loan Maidu simplex Washo Project Dictionary
Wintu lol, lo:l tobacco inheritance *lo:l Proto-Wintun Shepherd 2006:117 simplex Schlichter 1981
Yuki woyol', woyąl' tobacco inheritance *woy(m)ol' Proto-North Yukian Schlichter 1985:344 simplex Sawyer & Schlicter 1984
Wappo lúče tobacco unique simplex Elmendorf 1993
Mutsun maTTer tobacco inheritance Proto-Costanoan Sta. Cruz same word Henshaw in Heizer 1955 simplex Okrand 1977
Esselen k'a/-a tobacco loan Miwokan Henshaw simplex Kroeber 1902
Salinan A Tala/>M tobacco unknown Proto-Salinan other complex Mason 1918
Salinan M toela/m tobacco unknown Proto-Salinan simplex Mason 1918
Chumash Obispeno stu7ji7 tobacco unique simplex Harrington
Chumash Ineseno šow pespibata loan into protolanguage Proto-Central Chumash Yokuts WW %sokon simplex Applegate 1972
Chumash Barbareno šow tobacco loan into protolanguage Proto-Central Chumash Yokuts WW %sokon ultimately probably a Yokutsan loan simplex Beeler 1978
Chumash Ventureno sow' tobacco loan into protolanguage Proto-Central Chumash Yokuts WW %sokon simplex Mamet 2008
Iipay 'Aa 7up tobacco loan into protolanguage Proto-Yuman Hokan WW %7u:p JHH simplex Couro & Hutcheson 1973
Cocopa 7u:p tobacco, cigarette loan into protolanguage Proto-Yuman Hokan WW %7u:p JHH simplex Crawford 1989
Mojave 7a7uuv tobacco loan into protolanguage Proto-Yuman Hokan WW %7u:p JHH simplex Munro et al. 1992
Yavapai 7ū:va tobacco loan into protolanguage Proto-Yuman Hokan WW %7u:p JHH simplex Shaterian 1983
Kiliwa 7+hip tobacco, cigarettes loan into protolanguage Proto-Yuman Hokan WW %7u:p JHH derived Mixco 1985
Seri (Comcaac) haapis copxöt tobacco (lit. loose tobacco) unknown phrase Moser & Marlett 2005
Kakua hɨ̌p Inheritance Simplex See Language page
Nheengatu baruri Unknown Also pitima, inherited from Proto-TG (Mello 2000) See Language page
Waorani okæ̃-ĩ Unique See Language page
Hodï ʰkawoi Loan Carib Simplex See Language page
Yanomami pẽ: nahe Inheritance Proto-Yanomamo Alternate: pẽek nahe Other complex No info See Language page
Yanomam peenahe tobacco Inheritance Proto-Yanomamo Simplex See Language page
Ninam pinahi tobacco Inheritance Proto-Yanomamo Simplex See Language page
Kotiria bɨ̃ʔ'dõ inheritance Proto-Tukanoan Simplex See Language page
Cubeo butʃí butʃí butʃí butʃí butʃí butʃí butʃí butʃí butʃí butʃí butʃí butʃí butʃí butʃí butʃí butʃí butʃí butʃí butʃí butʃí butʃí butʃí butʃí butʃí butʃí butʃí butʃí butʃí butʃí butʃí butʃí butʃí butʃí butʃí butʃí butʃí butʃí butʃí butʃí butʃí butʃí butʃí but Unique Also: butʃitʉlava Simplex See Language page
Tukano bɨ̃ʔrṍ inheritance Proto-Tukanoan Also: mɨ'rô Simplex See Language page
Desano muru inheritance Proto-Tukanoan Simplex See Language page
Maihiki mɨto inheritance Proto-Tukanoan Simplex See Language page
Hup hũ̌t Inheritance Proto-Nadahup But may ultimately be derived from 'blow', Hup pũhũt Simplex See Language page
Dâw hũ̌t Inheritance Proto-Nadahup But may ultimately be derived from 'blow', Hup pũhũt Simplex See Language page
Sikuani sema Loan Achagua WW %tsema Also: tʃema, zema Simplex See Language page
Macaguan kohá Unknown Simplex See Language page
Guayabero xo Unknown Compare Muisca, hoska Simplex See Language page
Pemon tamu Inheritance *tam(u/ï) Proto-Carib Reconstruction Meira p.c. See Language page
Akawaio tamɨ Inheritance *tam(u/ï) Proto-Carib Reconstruction Meira p.c. See Language page
Makushi kawáí Inheritance Venezuelan (N. Amazonian) subgroup Likely loan into Hodi ʰkawoi See Language page
Eñepa kɔwae Inheritance Venezuelan (N. Amazonian) subgroup Likely loan into Hodi ʰkawoi See Language page
Yukuna litʃi Unknown Payne gives yamá Simplex See Language page
Tariana jéma Inheritance *yɨma Proto Arawak also in some Guahiban langs. (e.g. Cuiva tsйma) Simplex See Language page
Wapishana suuma Inheritance *yɨma Proto Arawak Sikuani tséːma; Cuiva tséma; Cofan ccumba; Simplex See Language page
Baniwa dzéema Inheritance *yɨma Proto Arawak Likely donor into Guahiban, e.g. Guahibo tséːma Simplex See Language page
Resígaro niítsí Unknown Probably related to Yucuna litʃi; possible loan? Alternate: niítsíʔó (tobacco, tobacco+”longish and oval-shaped” classifier”) Simplex See Language page
Nyikina kilala inheritance
Mangala kilala loan Gooniyandi
Bardi kilala inheritance could be loan into Proto-language; widepsread in different meanings
Yawuru ŋamari inheritance
Karajarri ŋamari loan areal
Ngarluma pulku inheritance
Yulparija tyanyuŋu doubtful inheritance
Walmajarri ngunytyu loan direction unknown
Mudburra ngunungunu unknown
Jaru wanampurrngu unknown
Gurindji tyarrinyngarna inheritance cave-dweller, a variety complex cave-dweller, a variety
Gooniyandi karla unknown
Gajirrabeng malmalmaty loan direction unknown
Miriwung nguntyukang loan direction unknown WW %walayarra also walayarang
Jingulu wanampurrngu unknown
Kija pingkuntyi unknown
Wardaman malmalmaty unknown
Lokono jolhi joɽi tobacco Pet 1987:375
Kariña tamy tamɨ tobacco Yamada 2010:808