Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

tobacco (native)

Semantic Field
narcotics
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
Meaning Portuguese

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Etymology Notes Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Word Structure Word Structure Notes General Notes Source Created By
Cahuilla piva-t tobacco; smoking inheritance *pipaC Uto-Aztecan Stubbs 2011 2348 other complex Seiler & Hioki 1979 Jane Hill
Cupeño pivat tobacco inheritance *pipaC Uto-Aztecan Stubbs 2011 2348 other complex Hill & Nolasquez 1973 Jane Hill
Luiseño piivat tobacco, cigarette inheritance *pipaC Uto-Aztecan Stubbs 2011 2348 other complex Elliott 1999 Jane Hill
Gabrielino pi:vat; $u:key (H572,3) tobacco inheritance *pipaC Uto-Aztecan Yok-Utian Stubbs 2011 2348; $u:key is Utian origin Wanderwoerter WW %sokon other complex Hill Harrington Notes Jane Hill
Serrano pīvt tobacco inheritance *pipaC Uto-Aztecan Stubbs 2011 2348 other complex K. Hill Dict. Jane Hill
Kitanemuk civut Nicotiana bigelovii (cultivated) semantic shift *cipuC Uto-Aztecan < 'bitter' Stubbs 2011 231 means bitter absolutely EVERY other lg so s.s. is justifiable other complex Anderton 1988 Jane Hill
Tübatulabal sho'kohnt tobacco loan Yokuts WW %sokon other complex K. Hill Tub>Eng Jane Hill
Bankalachi Toloim so'-kunt' Indian tobacco loan Yokuts WW %sokon other complex Merriam 49:197 Jane Hill
Kawaiisu so7o(n)-dy tobacco, Nicotiana bigelovii loan Yokuts ko7o-pi N. attenuata WW %sokon other complex Zigmond et al. 1990 Jane Hill
Chemehuevi ko7wa/pI tobacco unknown Stubbs 2011 2351 S. Numic only; I think prob from 'burn' other complex Harrington Chemehuevi Noun List (K. Hill 1969) Jane Hill
Southern Paiute qwo7appI Indian tobacco unknown Stubbs 2011 2351 S. Numic only; I think prob from 'burn' other complex Sapir Jane Hill
Southern Ute qo7a-pY tobacco unknown Stubbs 2011 2351 S. Numic only; I think prob from 'burn' other complex Givon Jane Hill
Tümpisa Shoshone pahompin, pahompy tobacco, cigarette loan Yokuts thru Tub? WW %pa7mo other complex Dayley 1989 Jane Hill
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone pahmun, pahmon tobacco loan Yokuts into proto-central? WW %pa7mo simplex Crapo 1976 Jane Hill
Comanche pahmu tobacco loan Yokuts into Proto-Central Numic WW %pa7mo simplex R Jane Hill
Western Mono missing missing Jane Hill
Northern Paiute pooebahmoo Indian tobacco, manzanita loan Yokuts the pooe part is pui 'green' WW %pa7mo simplex Yerington 1987 Jane Hill
Southern Sierra Miwok ka:hy- wild tobacco inheritance Proto-Miwokan Callaghan suggests in Bodega Dic that Pmiw *kajaw and Pmie *ka:sy- do go together somehow but gives no reconstruction; Note Pmiw *kajaw; this may be Pmi (Callaghan 1970:33) simplex Broadbent 1964 Jane Hill
Central Sierra Miwok hú:tija- tobacco unique simplex Freeland & Broadbent 1960 Jane Hill
Northern Sierra Miwok ka:sy- tobacco inheritance Proto-Miwokan Callaghan suggests in Bodega Dic that Pmiw *kajaw and Pmie *ka:sy- do go together somehow but gives no reconstruction simplex Callaghan 1987 Jane Hill
Plains Miwok ka:sy- tobacco inheritance Proto-Miwokan Callaghan suggests in Bodega Dic that Pmiw *kajaw and Pmie *ka:sy- do go together somehow but gives no reconstruction simplex Callaghan 1984 Jane Hill
Lake Miwok kájaw tobacco inheritance *kájaw Proto-Western Miwok possibly Pmi (Callaghan 1970:33) simplex Callaghan 1965 Jane Hill
Maidu pân tobacco inheritance *pan Proto-Maiduan Ultan 1964:365 simplex Shipley 1963 Jane Hill
Nisenan pan Indian tobacco inheritance *pan Proto-Maiduan Ultan 1964:365 simplex Uldall & Shipley 1966 Jane Hill
Yokuts Yawelmani so:k'on tobacco inheritance Yok-Utian Callaghan 1997:41 WW %sokon simplex Harrington Jane Hill
Yokuts Yawdanchi sòkon tobacco inheritance Yok-Utian Callaghan 1997:41 WW %sokon simplex Kroeber 1907 Jane Hill
Yokuts Palewyami so'-kon tobacco inheritance Yok-Utian Callaghan 1997:41 WW %sokon simplex Berman 2002 Jane Hill
Washo báŋkuš tobacco, cigar, cigarette loan Maidu simplex Washo Project Dictionary Jane Hill
Wintu lol, lo:l tobacco inheritance *lo:l Proto-Wintun Shepherd 2006:117 simplex Schlichter 1981 Jane Hill
Yuki woyol', woyąl' tobacco inheritance *woy(m)ol' Proto-North Yukian Schlichter 1985:344 simplex Sawyer & Schlicter 1984 Jane Hill
Wappo lúče tobacco unique simplex Elmendorf 1993 Jane Hill
Mutsun maTTer tobacco inheritance Proto-Costanoan Sta. Cruz same word Henshaw in Heizer 1955 simplex Okrand 1977 Jane Hill
Esselen k'a/-a tobacco loan Miwokan Henshaw simplex Kroeber 1902 Jane Hill
Salinan A Tala/>M tobacco unknown Proto-Salinan other complex Mason 1918 Jane Hill
Salinan M toela/m tobacco unknown Proto-Salinan simplex Mason 1918 Jane Hill
Chumash Obispeno stu7ji7 tobacco unique simplex Harrington Jane Hill
Chumash Ineseno šow pespibata loan into protolanguage Proto-Central Chumash Yokuts WW %sokon simplex Applegate 1972 Jane Hill
Chumash Barbareno šow tobacco loan into protolanguage Proto-Central Chumash Yokuts ultimately probably a Yokutsan loan WW %sokon simplex Beeler 1978 Jane Hill
Chumash Ventureno sow' tobacco loan into protolanguage Proto-Central Chumash Yokuts WW %sokon simplex Mamet 2008 Jane Hill
Iipay 'Aa 7up tobacco loan into protolanguage Proto-Yuman Hokan JHH WW %7u:p simplex Couro & Hutcheson 1973 Jane Hill
Cocopa 7u:p tobacco, cigarette loan into protolanguage Proto-Yuman Hokan JHH WW %7u:p simplex Crawford 1989 Jane Hill
Mojave 7a7uuv tobacco loan into protolanguage Proto-Yuman Hokan JHH WW %7u:p simplex Munro et al. 1992 Jane Hill
Yavapai 7ū:va tobacco loan into protolanguage Proto-Yuman Hokan JHH WW %7u:p simplex Shaterian 1983 Jane Hill
Kiliwa 7+hip tobacco, cigarettes loan into protolanguage Proto-Yuman Hokan JHH WW %7u:p derived Mixco 1985 Jane Hill
Seri (Comcaac) haapis copxöt tobacco (lit. loose tobacco) unknown phrase Moser & Marlett 2005 Jane Hill
Kakua hɨ̌p Inheritance Simplex See Language page Epps Research Group
Nheengatu baruri Unknown Also pitima, inherited from Proto-TG (Mello 2000) See Language page Epps Research Group
Waorani okæ̃-ĩ Unique See Language page Epps Research Group
Hodï ʰkawoi Loan Carib Simplex See Language page Epps Research Group
Yanomami pẽ: nahe Inheritance Proto-Yanomamo Alternate: pẽek nahe Other complex No info See Language page Epps Research Group
Yanomam peenahe tobacco Inheritance Proto-Yanomamo Simplex See Language page Epps Research Group
Ninam pinahi tobacco Inheritance Proto-Yanomamo Simplex See Language page Epps Research Group
Kotiria bɨ̃ʔ'dõ inheritance Proto-Tukanoan Simplex See Language page Epps Research Group
Cubeo butʃí butʃí butʃí butʃí butʃí butʃí butʃí butʃí butʃí butʃí butʃí butʃí butʃí butʃí butʃí butʃí butʃí butʃí butʃí butʃí butʃí butʃí butʃí butʃí butʃí butʃí butʃí butʃí butʃí butʃí butʃí butʃí butʃí butʃí butʃí butʃí butʃí butʃí butʃí butʃí butʃí butʃí but Unique Also: butʃitʉlava Simplex See Language page Epps Research Group
Tukano bɨ̃ʔrṍ inheritance Proto-Tukanoan Also: mɨ'rô Simplex See Language page Epps Research Group
Desano muru inheritance Proto-Tukanoan Simplex See Language page Epps Research Group
Maihiki mɨto inheritance Proto-Tukanoan Simplex See Language page Epps Research Group
Hup hũ̌t Inheritance Proto-Nadahup But may ultimately be derived from 'blow', Hup pũhũt Simplex See Language page Epps Research Group
Dâw hũ̌t Inheritance Proto-Nadahup But may ultimately be derived from 'blow', Hup pũhũt Simplex See Language page Epps Research Group
Sikuani sema Loan Achagua Also: tʃema, zema WW %tsema Simplex See Language page Epps Research Group
Macaguan kohá Unknown Simplex See Language page Epps Research Group
Guayabero xo Unknown Compare Muisca, hoska Simplex See Language page Epps Research Group
Pemon tamu Inheritance *tam(u/ï) Proto-Carib Reconstruction Meira p.c. See Language page Epps Research Group
Akawaio tamɨ Inheritance *tam(u/ï) Proto-Carib Reconstruction Meira p.c. See Language page Epps Research Group
Makushi kawáí Inheritance Venezuelan (N. Amazonian) subgroup Likely loan into Hodi ʰkawoi See Language page Epps Research Group
Eñepa kɔwae Inheritance Venezuelan (N. Amazonian) subgroup Likely loan into Hodi ʰkawoi See Language page Epps Research Group
Yukuna litʃi Unknown Payne gives yamá Simplex See Language page Epps Research Group
Tariana jéma Inheritance *yɨma Proto Arawak also in some Guahiban langs. (e.g. Cuiva tsйma) Simplex See Language page Epps Research Group
Wapishana suuma Inheritance *yɨma Proto Arawak Sikuani tséːma; Cuiva tséma; Cofan ccumba; Simplex See Language page Epps Research Group
Baniwa dzéema Inheritance *yɨma Proto Arawak Likely donor into Guahiban, e.g. Guahibo tséːma Simplex See Language page Epps Research Group
Resígaro niítsí Unknown Probably related to Yucuna litʃi; possible loan? Alternate: niítsíʔó (tobacco, tobacco+”longish and oval-shaped” classifier”) Simplex See Language page Epps Research Group
Nyikina kilala inheritance Claire Bowern
Mangala kilala loan Gooniyandi Claire Bowern
Bardi kilala inheritance could be loan into Proto-language; widepsread in different meanings Claire Bowern
Yawuru ŋamari inheritance Claire Bowern
Karajarri ŋamari loan areal Claire Bowern
Ngarluma pulku inheritance Claire Bowern
Yulparija tyanyuŋu doubtful inheritance Claire Bowern
Walmajarri ngunytyu loan direction unknown Patrick McConvell
Mudburra ngunungunu unknown Patrick McConvell
Jaru wanampurrngu unknown Patrick McConvell
Gurindji tyarrinyngarna inheritance cave-dweller, a variety complex cave-dweller, a variety Patrick McConvell
Gooniyandi karla unknown Patrick McConvell
Gajirrabeng malmalmaty loan direction unknown Patrick McConvell
Miriwung nguntyukang loan direction unknown also walayarang WW %walayarra Patrick McConvell
Jingulu wanampurrngu unknown Patrick McConvell
Kija pingkuntyi unknown Patrick McConvell
Wardaman malmalmaty unknown Patrick McConvell
Lokono jolhi joɽi tobacco Pet 1987:375 Camille Unger
Kariña tamy tamɨ tobacco Yamada 2010:808 Camille Unger