Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

shoes

Semantic Field
dress
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
zapatos
Meaning Portuguese
sapatos

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes Word Structure Word Structure Notes General Notes Source
Cahuilla waqa-t shoes inheritance waCci(kaC0 Northern Uto-Aztecan Stubbs 2011 1955 has parens around the first C, curse excel other complex Seiler & Hioki 1979
Cupeño waq'a (possessed form) shoes inheritance waCci(kaC0 Northern Uto-Aztecan Stubbs 2011 1955 has parens around the first C, curse excel other complex Hill & Nolasquez 1973
Luiseño wachxat shoe inheritance waCci(kaC0 Northern Uto-Aztecan Stubbs 2011 1955 has parens around the first C, curse excel other complex Elliott 1999
Gabrielino āh-nā-nāv-sahCH shoes, moccasins worn by men in winter inheritance *napo Northern Uto-Aztecan Stubbs 2011 938 other complex, reduplicated Merriam (McCawley 1996)
Serrano waqāt shoes inheritance waCci(kaC0 Northern Uto-Aztecan Stubbs 2011 1955 has parens around the first C, curse excel other complex K. Hill Dict.
Kitanemuk navo(-)kaha-c shoe or sandal inheritance *napo-kaka Uto-Aztecan Stubbs 2011 938, 1954 compound other complex I'll bet this is retrievable synchronically Anderton 1988
Tübatulabal wongkol shoes loan *woNko Uto-Aztecan Southern Sierra Miwok WW %moko Stubbs 2011 1956, cognate is Mayo wok 'put on shoes'; CHM wah-haht' men's moccasins 49:261 other complex K. Hill Tub>Eng
Bankalachi Toloim missing missing
Kawaiisu paca(-vi/-vyzi) shoe inheritance *paNcaN Numic Stubbs 2011 1957 other complex Zigmond et al. 1990
Chemehuevi pagapY moccasins, shoes inheritance *paNcaN Numic Stubbs 2011 1957; patsA 'moccasin' other complex Harrington Chemehuevi Noun List (K. Hill 1969)
Southern Paiute pattshA moccasins, shoes inheritance *paNca Numic Stubbs 2011 1957 simplex Sapir
Southern Ute pacA shoe inheritance *paNca Numic Stubbs 2011 1957 simplex Givon
Tümpisa Shoshone pantsan shoe, moccasin inheritance *paNca Numic Stubbs 2011 1957 simplex Dayley 1989
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone mampuh, mampyh shoes, sandals inheritance *naNpa Northern Uto-Aztecan Stubbs 2011 938a with consonant assim; Cherry Creek, Duckwater have nampyh 'foot-abs' other complex Crapo 1976
Comanche napy shoe, footprint, trail inheritance *naNpa Northern Uto-Aztecan Stubbs 2011 938a simplex R
Western Mono moqO shoe loan Sierra Miwok WW %moko only in W. Numic; Stubbs 2011 1958 simplex Loether & Bethel 1993
Northern Paiute sogomoko moccasin loan Sierra Miwok WW %moko only in W. Numic; Stubbs 2011 1958 compound Yerington 1987
Southern Sierra Miwok sapa:to- shoes loan Spanish WW %zapato momko moccasin 327 simplex Broadbent 1964
Central Sierra Miwok mómko- moccasin inheritance Proto-Sierra Miwok WW %moko see Miss momko simplex Freeland & Broadbent 1960
Northern Sierra Miwok sapa:tu- shoe; moccasins loan Spanish solo:me- moccasins, shoes 200; could be loan from Maiduan *solo, or loan might be other direction simplex Callaghan 1987
Plains Miwok sapa:tu- shoes loan Spanish WW %zapato simplex Callaghan 1984
Lake Miwok missing missing
Maidu bolók'o shoe, footgear loan Sierra Miwok WW %moko also soló 'shoe, footprint' simplex Shipley 1963
Nisenan solo shoe, moccasin inheritance *soló Proto-Maiduan Ultan 1964:366 simplex Uldall & Shipley 1966
Yokuts Yawelmani tam'ay sandal inheritance Proto-Yokutsan Merriam 44:181 has lah'-hiCH 'moccasin'; Merriam 44:339 Yawdanchi tam-mi' 'moccasins for men' ; and CHM's Palewyami tom-mi 'moccasins' gives Py form simplex Berman 2002
Yokuts Yawdanchi dahitci moccasin inheritance Proto-Nim-Yokuts Merriam 44:181 has Yowl. lah'-hiCH 'moccasin' simplex Kroeber 1907
Yokuts Palewyami tom'-mi sandals inheritance Proto-Yokutsan see Yawelmani tamay simplex Berman 2002
Washo mok'o shoe loan Northern Paiute WW %moko mokgo whj 100 simplex Washo Project Dictionary
Wintu t'a:mus shoe(s), ladyslipper flower inheritance *t'amu Proto-Wintun Shepherd 2006:183 derived Schlichter 1981
Yuki mek'o7ol' shoe (foot.put.on-instrument) loan Miwokan WW %moko also sapate, sapato derived Sawyer & Schlichter 1984
Wappo phè7 cháp'e shoe unknown phrase Sawyer 1965
Mutsun hŏ-to' moccasins for men (summer) inheritance Proto-Costanoan Santa Cruz ha/-ta (Henshaw in Heizer 1955:162); xotox 'shoes' Mason 1916:434 simplex Merriam 39:95
Esselen missing missing
Salinan A oxwa/t moccasins unknown T-e-šxa7a:yé7 'shoe' Turner 1987:101; šxéxe7 'shoe' (Jacobsen) Turner 1987:110 illustrating phonological decay (first is Harrington) simplex Mason 1918
Salinan M missing missing
Chumash Obispeno snipajmu7 shoes unknown derived lit. 'pisador' Harrington
Chumash Ineseno sapatu shoe loan Spanish WW %zapato simplex Applegate 1972
Chumash Ventureno sapatu shoe loan Spanish WW %zapato 7eqenmu 'sandal' Applegate 1973 4-12 simplex Mamet 2008
Iipay 'Aa hemenyaaw his shoes, sandals inheritance Proto-Yuman JHH; see Kiliwa simplex Couro & Hutcheson 1973
Cocopa xmanyáw shoes (unpossessed) inheritance Proto-Yuman JHH; see Kiliwa simplex Crawford 1989
Mojave nyahmanyow sandals,shoes inheritance Proto-Yuman JHH; see Kiliwa derived Munro et al. 1992
Yavapai ñhñó shoe inheritance Proto-Yuman JHH; see Kiliwa simplex Shaterian 1983
Kiliwa m-x+nyaw shoe, footgear inheritance Proto-Yuman JHH; see 'Iipay AA derived Mixco 1985
Seri (Comcaac) pazáato shoe loan Spanish WW %zapato simplex Moser & Marlett 2005
Waorani awæ̃ka-ta (IDS) unique See Language page
Hodï menahesta menahesta shoe unique See Language page
Yanomami mamikɨtitioma (MM07) mamikɨtitioma (MM07) unique neologism Phrase literal translation “to put the foot (in)”, gloss not given See Language page
Yanomam sapato sapato loan Spanish/Portuguese Tariana sapatu; Yanomam sapato; Hup capatu Simplex See Language page
Ninam mãhuk pesi mãhuk pesi unique Same as “stocking” Derived mãhuk, “foot,” pesi looks like a general word for clothes, etc. See Language page
Kotiria dahpo suhtiro dahpo suhtiro unique Compound foot clothes' See Language page
Cubeo cʉraido kɨrai-do shoe (sg) unknown Derived kɨlai from 'floor' or 'step'? See Language page
Desano sapatu sapatu missing See Language page
Maihiki ɨojo ja ɨoxo xã unknown See Language page
Hup capatu (sapato) capatu (sapato) loan East Tukanoan Port source; Tariana sapatu; Yanomam sapato; Hup capatu Simplex See Language page
Dâw sapat ʃapat missing See Language page
Macaguan sapát sapát loan Spanish? Maybe via Arawak? Simplex See Language page
Pemon sapatu Loan Spanish/Portuguese Tariana sapatu; Yanomam sapato; Hup capatu, Pemon sapatu See Language page
Makushi pisaʔsaʔ pisaʔsaʔ unknown See Language page
Eñepa pataye pataje unique Compound pata=foot; je= container See Language page
Yukuna ji'ima'ulaji hiʔimaʔulahi doubtful calque Local See Bora, Resigaro Derived hiʔima = “foot” ʔulahi = “cover” See Language page
Tariana sapatu sapatu loan Portuguese Yanomam sapato; Hup capatu Simplex See Language page
Resígaro hii?pa?-tsí?aa?dó hiiʔpaʔ-tsíʔaaʔdó doubtful calque Local See Bora, Yucuna Derived hiiʔpaʔ = “foot,” -tsíʔaaʔdó analyzed as a classifier meaning “shoe,” but this word is the only example given. See Language page
Burarra but loan English
Yan-nhangu dha:bathuŋ loan Makassar WW %dhapathung
Dhuwal dhapathuŋ(') loan Makassar WW %dhapathung
Dhangu dhapathuŋ(') loan Makassar WW %dhapathung
Gupapuyngu dyapathu loan Makassar WW %dhapathung
Gumatj dyapathu loan Makassar WW %dhapathung
Djinang dyapatyuŋgi loan Makassar WW %dhapathung
Yawuru jinaburd loan
Bardi purtyu loan English
Mangala tyina putu inheritance
Karajarri tyina putu inheritance
Nyangumarta tyutyika loan English
Ngarluma tyutyiku loan
Yulparija yakapiri semantic shift
Warrwa -yambal-wurru semantic shift
Jaru yunku semantic shift <foot
Gurindji tyamana semantic shift <foot
Jingulu yunku semantic shift < foot
Miriwung yampalng semantic shift from foot
Piapoco nùabàlìricúiri (lit. 'what I put on my feet') nùabàlìrikúiri (lit. 'what I put on my feet') See Language page
Yavitero c̷a'hatu (Sp loan) tsaʔhatu (Sp loan) See Language page
Paresi ikijitini ikitʃitini See Language page
Baure sopot sopot See Language page
Cha'palaa ['sa'patus] From Span. 'zapato'. See Language page
Bora túhapáájɨ (túhaá 'foot') tʰɯ́ʔapʰááxɨ See Language page
Apalai sapatu sapatu See Language page
Wayana hapatu (loan Sp.) hapatu (loan Sp.) See Language page
Tiriyó (pï)tai (probably related to (pï)ta, sole of foot) (pɨ)tai See Language page
Wai Wai kɨ-hta-rɨ kɨ-hta-rɨ loan Spanish/Portuguese See Language page
Yabarana sapato See Language page
Yukpa sapatu See Language page
Cofán sapato sapato phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS See Language page
Taushiro a'to'ha aʔtoʔha See Language page
Páez [spaatu] [spaatu] See Language page
Urarina safwato safwato See Language page
Pumé taɔ-hõɛ See Language page
Puinave -sim-yak; [sapatu] -sim-yak; [sapatu] See Language page
Ashuar sapát sapát See Language page
Aguaruna [sapat] [sapat] See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect ʃapãt loan Spanish/Portuguese See Language page
Matses tapucudte tapukudte See Language page
Kakataibo taṣ̌aka See Language page
Katukina taʔɨ šaka Lit. 'foot covering/casing/shell' 04.370; 03.655. See Language page
Yaminahua o-ṣ̌aka-mɨ-ti; [sapato] See Language page
Yagua numutujo (from 'foot'), sapatu numutuxo (from 'foot'), sapatu See Language page
Southern Pastaza Quechua sapatu (Sp) sapatu (Sp) See Language page
Piaroa capátuk' (singular) capátukɁ See Language page
Carapana yʉ rʉpo yʉ rʉpo See Language page
Tanimuca ũʔpu ko'a ũʔpu ko'a See Language page
Tuyuka zapato zapato See Language page
Koreguaje cũ'akoro kũ'akhoro See Language page
Siona kotˀo kotˀo See Language page
Karitiana pipykyp pipɨkɨp See Language page
Kokama pɨta + chiru 'foot cloth' pɨta + tʃiru 'foot cloth' See Language page
Wayampi [sapatɔ] [sapatɔ] See Language page
Aché pɨčã-bire See Language page
Chiriguano [sapato] See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní [sapatu] See Language page
Sirionó eiyao eijao See Language page
Kamayurá pɨru pɨru See Language page
Ocaina uhyóbuca ɯʔjóbɯka See Language page
Murui Witoto eɨllɨ ico ('foot-sole ?') ɛɯdʒɯ iko ('foot-sole ?') (B83) See Language page
Iquito sápatu sápatu (Sp) See Language page
Araona wac̷i-hozoi wac̷i is 'foot'. See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo e-heo-xi (singular "shoe") e-heo-xi (singular "shoe") See Language page
Tacana poloko See Language page
Cavineña sapato-ki (from the Spanish "zapato") sapato-ki See Language page
Central Aymara pˀulʸḳu See Language page
Itonama nitasni Means sandal. See Language page
Kwazá cohasiki cohasiki See Language page
Mosetén-Chimané [sa'pato] From Span. 'zapato'. See Language page
Movima sapato (from Sp) sapato (from Sp) See Language page
Kaingang pɛ̃n nɛ; pɛ̃n to rɔ (IDS) pɛ̃n nɛ; pɛ̃n to rɔ See Language page
Chipaya č̣ʰata Refers to sandals. To put on sandals is č̣ʰat-š. See Language page
Mocoví la-pelaʔ See Language page
Pilagá l-apelaʔ Cf. 'foot' 04.370. See Language page
Toba l-apelaʔ See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité atkiska amnik Also, optional variant: apnaktitma apmankok. See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet teyaypehek See Language page
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay ni'soh Refers to a sandal or foot-covering. See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja -fʷey (m.) See Language page
Maca -ḳekˀeweʔ (f.); -ḳekˀeweykiʔ Respectively: open shoe (sandal) 'ojota, abarca'; zapato de cuero grueso con cordones. See Language page
Nivaclé -kfiʔy; -xof The latter is the traditional shoe made of uncured leather. See Language page
Ayoreo 'giidaai; uči'e-di Also 'giidaai u'čiedi, lit. 'stepped on'. See Language page
Mapudungun [sapatu] From Spanish 'zapato'. Ranquel form is sumel ~ čomel. See Language page
Qawasqar [c̷eḳwor] From Tehuelche 'čekor'. Bo, SpC record the same for Central QWS. See Language page
Selknam xamniʔ See Language page
Tehuelche 'aʔyen Any foot covering. See Language page
Lokono kothike(-he) kotʰike(-he) shoe Pet 1987:370
Kariña sapato sapato shoe Courtz 2007:363