Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

flour/meal from manioc

Semantic Field
food
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
fariña, mañoco (Venezuela); harina
Meaning Portuguese
farinha

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes Word Structure Word Structure Notes General Notes Source
Kakua bêgep bêgep doubtful loan East Tukanoan; see also Resigaro Also bektʃi (H&R). Compare Ocaina bióóhxa; Resigaro peégi Simplex agriculture See Language page
Nheengatu uĩ; (also: karuera, farofa [loan from POR]) uĩ, karuera, farofa (loan from POR) inheritance *maniʔok Mello: *uʔi- Also ʔui, shared in . Possible donor for Yucuna uʔuwí; Makushi ùʔwí [Alternate: karuera, farofa] Phrase mani + oka 'white' agriculture See Language page
Waorani [adĩda] (Sp harina) manioc dough doubtful loan + Semantic shift North Arawak agriculture See Language page
Hodï ʰyowã loan - WW %porowa WW %porowa Akawaio prowa; Wapishana phuruuma; Sikuani bawa agriculture See Language page
Yanomami mayoko hĩkɨ (MM07) majoko hĩkɨ (MM07) loan Tupi-Guarani 'manioc' WW %matsuka A loanblend. Also Baniwa, matsóka; Warekena, matsuka; Mandawaka, matʃúka; Puinave, masuká; Nadeb ma Compound mayoko, “manioc” + hĩkɨ, “flour” agriculture See Language page
Yanomam hĩkɨ̃ (IDS) hĩkɨ̃ (IDS) manioc flour inheritance/sem shift? Proto-Yanomami/Yanomam Simplex agriculture See Language page
Ninam naškohi (generic meal/flour) naʃkohi (generic meal/flour) generic meal/flour unique from naʃi 'manioc' WW %matsuka Has undergone metathesis. Also Baniwa, matsóka; Warekena, matsuka; Mandawaka, matʃúka; Puinave, masuká; Nadeb ma Simplex agriculture See Language page
Kotiria po'ka poʔka inheritance/sem shift Proto-East Tukanoan from 'powder' Simplex agriculture See Language page
Cubeo jʉtʉra hɨtɨra unique la may mark mass nouns? agriculture See Language page
Tukano po'ká poʔká inheritance/sem shift Proto-East Tukanoan from 'powder' Simplex agriculture See Language page
Desano poga poga inheritance/sem shift Proto-East Tukanoan from 'powder' Simplex agriculture See Language page
Maihiki ao ise ja ãõ ı̃se xã unknown Compound manioc-? agriculture See Language page
Hup kæ̌n, cíh kæ̌n, cíh doubtful loan; unknown North Arawak 'manioc' Simplex agriculture See Language page
Dâw suùk ʃûk loan - WW %matsuka WW %matsuka e.g. Baniwa matsóka; compare also Puinave masuko, Macaguan matsúka, Daw ʃuk; maybe Yanomami majoko hĩkɨ, Makiritari ssuku:taka Simplex agriculture See Language page
Sikuani bawa; matsúka (CM72) bawa; matsúka (CM72) loan - WW; loan - WW %porowa; %matsuka WW %porowa Also: matsuka (Arawak loan; Rivet 1948) agriculture See Language page
Macaguan matsúka matsúka loan - WW %matsuka WW %matsuka Prob. Achagua source; see also Baniwa, matsóka; Warekena, matsuka; Mandawaka, matʃúka; Puinave, masuká; Nadeb ma Simplex agriculture See Language page
Guayabero benilon báenal unique formed from loan 'flatbread', or from 'dust'? Other complex Contains 'manioc' (loan) agriculture See Language page
Pemon kïseerekna (E1977) kɨserɛʔna (E1977) unique From 'manioc-meal'? Similar term in Wai Wai, but similarity may be in 'manioc' term. agriculture See Language page
Akawaio proowa (flour; see Wapishana) (E1977) prowa (E1977) loan, direction unknown - WW %porowa WW %porowa Akawaio prowa; Wapishana phuruuma; Sikuani bawa; Hodi hyowã agriculture See Language page
Makushi ùʔwí ùʔwí loan Tupi-Guarani? WW %uʔwi Yucuna uʔuwí, Macushi ùʔwí; Nheengatu uĩ: Mello: TG *uʔi agriculture See Language page
Eñepa uta-yeñamun uta-jeñamun inheritance Compound manioc-meal agriculture See Language page
Yukuna u'uwí uʔuwí loan - WW %uʔwi WW %uʔwi Immediate source other? Simplex agriculture See Language page
Tariana kawhi kawhi doubtful loan Tupi-Guarani 'fermented (manioc) drink' Phrase kupʰe = fish, na= 3rd plural possessor, -nipe = plural, tuda = “sieve, puçá”: “fish's sieve” (?) agriculture See Language page
Wapishana pʰuruuma pʰuruuma loan - WW %porowa WW %porowa Akawaio prowa; Wapishana phuruuma; Sikuani bawa; Hodi hyowã Simplex agriculture See Language page
Baniwa matsóka matsóka loan (into protolg?) - WW Proto North Arawak %matsuka WW, Found Warekena, matsuka; Mandawaka, matʃúka; Puinave, masuká; Nadeb mãʃoːk, Daw ʃuk Simplex agriculture See Language page
Resígaro peégi (?also bread) peégi (?also bread) semantic shift manioc food' Also means starch; similar forms for 'manioc bread' in Tariana, Baniwa Simplex agriculture See Language page
Achagua íinabiʃi íinabiʃi unique agriculture See Language page
Piapoco machúca matʃúka agriculture See Language page
Yavitero ľ̥i'weľ̥i ľ̥i'weľ̥i agriculture See Language page
Mandawaka matʃúka matʃúka agriculture See Language page
Wayuu sawa agriculture See Language page
Paresi tyoˈlohe tjoˈlohe unknown agriculture See Language page
Ignaciano [harina]; ['trigu]pa From Span. 'harina'; 'trigo'. See Language page
Baure šep ʃep unknown agriculture See Language page
Waurá iki, u'leiki iki, u'leiki doubtful loan Carib agriculture See Language page
Cha'palaa ['a'rina] From Span. 'harina'. See Language page
Bora ítyacollíjyu (ítyaco 'tapioca') íxtjákʰotʃííxjɯ unique agriculture See Language page
Muinane máchuguiijɨ (cf. machu 'food') (W97) mátʃuguiixɨ agriculture See Language page
Apalai kajama kajama unknown agriculture See Language page
Wayana kajama kajama unknown agriculture See Language page
Tiriyó j-uru (manioc food; manioc bread) j-uru inheritance agriculture See Language page
Makiritare ssuku:taka; yo:'küdü (KH) (means 'his manioc meal or mush'), akai'chadü (KH) (means 'to make manioc flour (mañoco) by rubbing) ssuku:taka; yo:ʔkɨdɨ (KH), akaiʔtʃadɨ (KH) inheritance; unknown North Arawak agriculture See Language page
Mapoyo sere nanapi-ri (manioc flour); nanapi (flour) sere nanapi-ri (manioc flour); nanapi (flour) agriculture See Language page
Wai Wai kwašarɨ kwašarɨ unique agriculture See Language page
Waimiri Atroari sanja saɲa agriculture See Language page
Yabarana ʝaba'kiçpɜ (masa de yuca) agriculture See Language page
Northern Emberá poku'ra 'meal, flour' (IDS) poku'ra 'meal, flour' (IDS) agriculture See Language page
Cuiva mačúkua (CM72) agriculture See Language page
Cofán ppu'ppu sundafo'cho 'harina de maiz' phɯʔphɯ sɯndaɸoʔtʃo 'harina de maiz' phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS agriculture See Language page
Candoshi-Shapra kazinaz vayápori (kazinaz = yuca) kaʂinaʂ wajápori unknown agriculture See Language page
Taushiro ahian taha' ahian tahaʔ agriculture See Language page
Páez ũʔwe ũʔwe agriculture See Language page
Tikuna uí (Alv44) uí loan - WW %uʔwi agriculture See Language page
Pumé pʰonõ 'meal, flour' agriculture See Language page
Puinave masuká masuká loan - WW %matsuka agriculture See Language page
Máku uwí uwí agriculture See Language page
Ashuar warín warin agriculture See Language page
Aguaruna mama puwahi i'nanh-amu mama puwahi i'nanh-amu unique cf. 'mama', poss. loan Boran? agriculture See Language page
Yuhup cak pój ['mash toasted'] agriculture See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect mãʃoːk, pæ:ʔ loan - WW; unknown %matsuka agriculture See Language page
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect mĩʃuːk agriculture See Language page
Matses machi matʃi loan - WW; unknown %matsuka agriculture See Language page
Katukina poto Cf. 'dust' 01.213. See Language page
Pacahuara 'moto agriculture See Language page
Shipibo-Konibo ac̷apoto agriculture See Language page
Yaminahua rɨnɨ; mɨto agriculture See Language page
Chácobo ac̷a moto; ac̷a yɨnɨ ac̷a moto; ac̷a yɨnɨ semantic shift dust' agriculture See Language page
Yagua generic meal: huru generic meal: huru loan; unknown Spanish agriculture See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano hak'u, aku machka 'harina' (CP94) hak'u, aku matʃka 'harina' agriculture See Language page
Piaroa icá'pheh isáɁpheh inheritance? agriculture See Language page
Sáliva isejõ isehõ inheritance? agriculture See Language page
Carapana poca pɔka agriculture See Language page
Makuna naju gatere naxu gatɛɾɛ unique agriculture See Language page
Yuruti póka agriculture See Language page
Waikhana poʔ'ka agriculture See Language page
Siriano poogá poogá agriculture See Language page
Tanimuca ã'ũ bu'rua ã'ũ bu'rua doubtful loan - WW %porowa agriculture See Language page
Tuyuka po'ka poʔka agriculture See Language page
Waimaja kʰĩ́ ᵽokʰá kʰĩ́ ɸokʰá agriculture See Language page
Koreguaje jarina (loan from Spanish or Portuguese) xarina loan Spanish agriculture See Language page
Kokama ui ui inheritance agriculture See Language page
Wayampi [kwakɨ] (loan, from French Creole of French Guiana 'couac') [kwakɨ] (loan, from French Creole of French Guiana 'couac') loan French creole agriculture See Language page
Chiriguano kui; asi; iasi inheritance; unknown agriculture See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní ava-timirikuʔi; huʔitĩ agriculture See Language page
Sirionó nioi kui̯i̯ nioi kui̯i̯ inheritance agriculture See Language page
Kamayurá kuˀi (Mello) kuˀi (Mello) inheritance agriculture See Language page
Ocaina bióóhxa bióóʔxa unique from 'manioc'? agriculture See Language page
Iquito huaríina (From Spanish fariña) waríina (From Spanish fariña) loan Spanish agriculture See Language page
Wari hota (manioc), hata (cornmeal) (Sousa2009) hota (manioc), hata (cornmeal) (Sousa2009) agriculture See Language page
Araona mama Manioc flour (chivé) is mama. See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo tabo ("meal, flour") tabo ("meal, flour") agriculture See Language page
Tacana ehoto; epamo Respectively: flour from raw corn; flour from toasted corn. The latter also means 'dust'. 'Floury' is mosa-mosa. See Language page
Cavineña emiwe; kʷawe moro emiwe; kʷawe moro unknown agriculture See Language page
Central Aymara xakˀu agriculture See Language page
Cayuvava bɔre; napo Refers to yuca (manioc) flour. Also 'raibi'rimapu, yuca flour mixed with water and sugar. Freshly ground cornmeal is irito. See Language page
Itonama u-kaʔtʸe agriculture See Language page
Kwazá jononĩ jononĩ agriculture See Language page
Movima [arina]-βas agriculture See Language page
Trumai karima karima doubtful loan Port farinha agriculture See Language page
Kaingang mẽn-hu, jònhky [Φarĩɲ] agriculture See Language page
Karajá iǰərena ɨ̃nɨde is manioc flour. See Language page
Djeoromitxi bore to bore to agriculture See Language page
Chipaya xakˀu Flour that is not ground well is čʰama. See Language page
Mocoví [ʔa'riɲa] From Span. 'harina'. See Language page
Pilagá [ʔa'liina] agriculture See Language page
Toba l-soč-i Lit. '3p possessor-soft-(nom)'. See Language page
Lengua ho-tahap agriculture See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité sipomapankok agriculture See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet seppoyoompak agriculture See Language page
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay [ali'na] From Span. 'harina'. See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja wac̷o-lamak lamak is 'dust' 01.213. See Language page
Maca foʔxiʔ Cf. 'white' 15.640. See Language page
Nivaclé ɬa-mɔʔk Arribeños dialect is klim-ši. See Language page
Ayoreo u'ru-i Also means 'dust' 01.213; also rice hull, 05.810. 'Palm nut flour' is nami-'ni; wheat or manioc f. is 'kučaa u'rui; fine corn f. is ti'ki-n̥ai. See Language page
Mapudungun rɨŋo Same form in Ranquel. See Language page
Qawasqar tasensḳa Also means 'bread' 05.510. Also [areyna] from Span. 'harina'. See Language page
Tehuelche 'xelmn agriculture See Language page
Lokono meli meli flour, bread flour type not specified Hickerson 1953:188