Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

grid of sticks for smoking meat or placing objects (shelf)

Semantic Field
subsistence tool
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
barbacoa
Meaning Portuguese
jirau

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes Word Structure Word Structure Notes General Notes Source
Kakua kâjaʔ kâjaʔ loan East Tukanoan, prob. Cubeo Derived probably lexicalized from 'kâg-at' put.on.top.of-nmlz See Language page
Nheengatu jurá (M2003), mita (C11) jurá (M2003), mita (C11) inheritance; unknown possible donor for Paresi ma'tjai; Yagua muta Simplex See Language page
Waorani a-wæ̃-pa wæ̃æ̃-dõ-bẽ-dæka-pa missing Derived a-wæ̃-pa=board; wæ̃æ̃-dõ-bẽ-dæka=top; pa=?? See Language page
Ninam ala wei ala wei unknown Derived put on a rack +nominalizer See Language page
Kotiria kasa-rio kasa-rio inheritance Proto-East Tukanoan, Eastern branch Similar form in Tukano; see also Kakua kâyaʔ See Language page
Cubeo kaja (Chacon14) kaja (Chacon14) inheritance See Language page
Tukano kasâ-wa kasâ-wa inheritance Proto-East Tukanoan, Eastern branch Similar form in Wanano; see also Kakua kâyaʔ Simplex See Language page
Desano kaja (Chacon14) kaja (Chacon14) inheritance See Language page
Maihiki bai yadio ja (bai=paca; yadio=emponado) bai jadio xã unknown Compound yadio (palmwood strips?) See Language page
Hup wab wab inheritance Proto-DYH Simplex See Language page
Dâw yulaà [shelf], wab [smoking grid] julâ, wab loan; inheritance Proto-DYH Tupi-Guarani (prob. Lingua Geral, poss. via Arawak) Simplex See Language page
Macaguan kaníbʉrat kaníbɨɾat unknown Simplex See Language page
Pemon apok yeksek (glossed as 'three logs on which pot is placed for cooking') (E1980) apɔk yɛʔsɛk (E1980) unknown See Language page
Eñepa aʔkapa (SM) aʔkapa (SM) inheritance Not certain about meaning - may be pot support See Language page
Yukuna kuwelá, yurá kuwelá, jurá unknown, direction unknown; loan Tupi-Guarani See Language page
Tariana kayáma kajáma loan East Tukanoan Also Kakua kâyaʔ Simplex See Language page
Wapishana tʰaraʔapʰau tʰaraʔapʰau unknown See Language page
Baniwa yóora jóoɻa loan Tupi-Guarani (Lingua Geral?) Simplex See Language page
Resígaro teí?iku teíʔiku unknown te- from Bora 'this' Simplex See Language page
Paresi maˈtyai maˈtjai unknown See Language page
Cha'palaa 'bulʸi 'c̷u-un-'c̷u-mi Lit. 'stuff for/to lie down'. See Language page
Bora wáɨjɨ kwáɨxɨ, -ɨɨxɨ inheritance See Language page
Muinane mééje (W97), -iixe (A93) mééxe, -iixe (A93) See Language page
Wayana jalakap jalakap inheritance See Language page
Yukpa arapa [?] arapa [?] See Language page
Muisca guyne γuɨne See Language page
Epena ba'rawa See Language page
Taushiro a´queivan aʔkɨiwan See Language page
Páez atóo atoo See Language page
Ashuar píirak pi:rak See Language page
Huambisa piik pi:k See Language page
Yuhup wǎb See Language page
Matses tapu tapu inheritance See Language page
Shipibo-Konibo tapas; tapo See Language page
Yaminahua akiki βa-ti; tapo Respectively: lit. 'against put-nominalizer; bridge'. See Language page
Yagua muta muta loan Tupi-Guarani mita, mirámutá 'platform of sticks' See Language page
Southern Pastaza Quechua pata pata See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano pachaman watya (CP94) patʃaman watja See Language page
Sáliva guapaba (Suarez77) wapaba (Suarez77) unknown See Language page
Barasano kaca (Chacon14) kaca (Chacon14) See Language page
Tatuyo kaja (Chacon14) kaja (Chacon14) See Language page
Waimaja kʰánĩ́ňĩ-kʰápĩ̀ kʰánĩ́rĩ-kʰápĩ̀ See Language page
Koreguaje khaja (Chacon14) khaja (Chacon14) inheritance See Language page
Kokama pari paɾi semantic shift stick grid See Language page
Wayampi mɔmaʔɛ-l-ɛna ('thing-place') mɔmaʔɛ-l-ɛna ('thing-place') unique See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní ᵐbaʔeǰokoha; [sov'rado] See Language page
Kamayurá jura jura inheritance See Language page
Ocaina dsióódsivo, xoyíídsivo dzióódziβo, xojíídziβo unknown See Language page
Iquito masícuuca masíkuuka inheritance See Language page
Záparo machicha maʧiʧa See Language page
Wari kitamy (Sousa2009) kitamɨ (Sousa2009) See Language page
Mosetén-Chimané yuʔta'kis See Language page
Trumai ueset̯ ueset̯ unknown See Language page
Kaingang kri-win-ya See Language page
Djeoromitxi kabekä kabekǝ See Language page
Toba -- See Language page
Lengua yakhap-makɬa aksak See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet [estante]; asootaʔ See Language page
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay to-ka-wet Lit. 'prefix-poss.-locative/place' 07.120. See Language page
Maca -- See Language page
Nivaclé lawɔxˀe na watowaɬxatši See Language page
Ayoreo -- See Language page