Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

olivella (olive snail)

Semantic Field
flora-fauna
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
Meaning Portuguese

Languages

Language Linnean Name Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Etymology Notes Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Range of Term Word Structure Word Structure Notes Classifier Classifier Notes Hypernym Source Association with Social Categories Ritual/Mythologically Significant Ritual Notes Food Source Food Notes Medicinal Medicinal Notes How Collected Who Collects How Prepared Psychotropic Psychotropic Notes Traded Trade Notes Distribution Habitat Dangerous Ethnobiology Notes Species Notes General Notes
Bankalachi Toloim Callianax biplicata missing missing missing 2 2 0 0 1 no
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone Callianax biplicata po'an, poan ? shell, skin, bark, outher layer inheritance *po'owa Stubbs 1907 (2008:267), Olivella in W. Mono, “seashell” in T. Shoshone. Perhaps OK for all shells, Crapo quite inadequate. unknown Crapo 1979 2 2 0 0 1 no
Cahuilla Callianax biplicata hīssavel ˈhajsaval (note saval “shell”) shell money inheritance *sa(w)pV Cupan S1911 (Stubbs 2009:267); does not include hay-, , which is Takic (S765) and MAYBE UA (Yecora Pima had “finish”). Note Luiseño $awvish “univalve shell”, Harrington “topshell of snail” (Olivella is snail-like) broader (means “money”) derived hay-”shore, edge” (and also a “magic” word in haytu); saval “shell” -m-7exan-7a (inanimate) posessive classifier -m-7exan-7a (inanimate) Strong 1929:94) Net dealt with shell money; had measuring point for values tattooed on his forearm. 2 exchanged between villages, lineages at Mourning Ceremony (Strong 1929:98-99) 2 no info N/A N/A N/A 0 1 Pass Cahuilla received from Serrano, who got it from Gabrielino, who got it from Santa Catalina Island Pacific coast Canada to Baja California sandy substrates in tidal and intertidal zones, bays no
Central Sierra Miwok Callianax biplicata lúk:u- shell beads inheritance Sierra Miwokan only In all Mis underived Freeland & Broadbent 1960 2 2 0 0 1 no
Chemehuevi Callianax biplicata missing missing missing 2 2 0 0 1 no
Chumash Barbareno Callianax biplicata q'oy' (Ono), q'oy (Beeler) olivella shell inheritance Central Chumash only also in Ineseno underived Ono p. 57, Beeler 1978:183 2 2 0 0 1 no
Chumash Ineseno Callianax biplicata qoy' olivella shell inheritance Central Chumash only Also in Barbareno underived Applegate 283 2 2 0 0 1 no
Chumash Obispeno Callianax biplicata missing missing missing 2 2 0 0 1 no
Chumash Ventureno Callianax biplicata missing missing missing 2 2 0 0 1 no
Cocopa Callianax biplicata missing missing missing 2 2 0 0 1 no
Comanche Callianax biplicata poná caracol inheritance *po'owa Stubbs 1907 (2008:267), same as Shoshone po'an broader (perhaps any snaill) underived Rejon 1995:44 2 2 0 0 1 no
Cupeño Callianax biplicata qinxat ˈqinxat shell money inheritance *koroka Uto-Aztecan S1461 (Stubbs 2009:218); a semantic shift, also means just “beads, necklace” WW %xene broader (the shell, and the strings of beads) other complex ˈqin(a)xa-t beads-npn (note -qinax-'a beads-possessed.noun) nemxat “treasure” Strong 1929:263 exchanged among lineages at burning ceremonies 2 deployed in rituals 2 no info N/A N/A N/A 0 1 obtained from coast, perhaps from Gabrielino; received in trade, hence the N/As to the left Pacific Coast British Columbia to Baja California sandy substrate in tidal and intertidal zones, bays no
Esselen Callianax biplicata missing missing missing 2 2 0 0 1 no
Gabrielino Callianax biplicata 7awverot ˈʔawverot abalorios unique no info derived ˈʔawve-ro-t ?-big-npn -hi:n classifier for worthwhile possessions Harrington 094, 456 strings of these beads circulated among tomyaar “chiefs” 2 exchange, display is part of a number of ceremonies 2 seems like they'd be too small and inconvenient to eat no info gathered (wild) men beads made from various parts of shell, strung for shell money 0 1 among chiefs; may mostly have come in from Channel Islands Pacific Coast of North America, B.C. to Baja California sandy substrates intertidally and tidally and in bays no
Iipay 'Aa Callianax biplicata kwellyhiiw money, silver, coins unique See Cocopa şxkwi.l “seashell”; perhaps not a semantic shift since Olivella WAS money; using this word for the cell is a stretch, though broader (shells and functions) underived probably has some complexity -- kwelly “great, big” in some compound forms??? Couro & Hutcheson 1973 2 2 0 0 1 no
Kawaiisu Callianax biplicata hii-bɨ money unique note Mojave avii “money” same other complex hii-bɨ shell-ABS Zigmond et al. 2 2 0 0 1 no
Kiliwa Callianax biplicata missing missing missing 2 2 0 0 1 no
Kitanemuk Callianax biplicata yahuč ˈyaxuʧr shell sp., white, used for beads unique broader (includes the animal, the shell, and the beads) other complex ˈyaxu-ʧr shell.sp.-npn -niw possessive classifier for things Anderton 1988:583 no info 2 shell beads used as offerings (also money) 2 no info N/A N/A N/A 0 1 obtained from Chumash Pacific Coast of North America, B.C. to Baja California sandy substrates intertidally and tidally and in bays no
Lake Miwok Callianax biplicata missing missing missing 2 2 0 0 1 no
Luiseño Callianax biplicata $áwvish ʹşawviʃ Bright: Univalve shell, Harrington: Topshell of snail inheritance *sa(w)pV Cupan S1911 (Stubbs 2009:267) same other complex ʹşawvi-ʃ olivella-non.possessed.noun Elliott 1999:844 no info 2 2 no info gathered (wild) no info made into shell money and ornaments (see Grenda 1997 for discussion of archaeological materials) 0 1 Lake Elsinore site was producing Olivella beads in industrial quantitites, although most finds are from Early period, probably pre-Luiseño Pacific Coast of North America, B.C. to Baja California sandy substrates intertidally and tidally and in bays no
Maidu Callianax biplicata missing missing missing 2 2 0 0 1 no
Mojave Callianax biplicata ɂachiily type of small shell from the coast used for necklaces loan no information there's a series of %chi words for shells in Gab, Barb, Kitanemuk same phrase looks like compound of FISH and WORM Munro et al.1992 2 2 0 0 1 no
Mutsun Callianax biplicata missing missing missing 2 2 0 0 1 no
Nisenan Callianax biplicata missing missing missing 2 2 0 0 1 no
Northern Paiute Callianax biplicata namakoo old kind of beads ? loan Tumpisa Shoshone? Note Tumpisa shosone namokku(n) “money”, Perhaps from Stubbs 2333 “buy, sell, pay” where na- is reciprocal same underived Yerington Dictionary 2 2 0 0 1 no
Northern Sierra Miwok Callianax biplicata look'-koo snail (CC's luk:u 'piece of abalone shell”) inheritance Sierra Miwokan only In all Mis underived Merriam 57:401 2 2 0 0 1 no
Plains Miwok Callianax biplicata missing missing missing 2 2 0 0 1 no
Salinan A Callianax biplicata tsoloteka Olivella biplicata unique not recorded in M; underived Heizer/Pinart I:80 2 2 0 0 1 no
Salinan M Callianax biplicata missing missing missing 2 2 0 0 1 no
Seri (Comcaac) Callianax biplicata xpaléemelc olive shell, cone shell unique broader (includes Olivellidae and Conidae) underived sure looks like a complex formation but no analysis suggested Comcaac Dictionary 596 2 2 0 0 1 no
Serrano Callianax biplicata missing missing missing 2 2 0 0 1 no
Southern Paiute Callianax biplicata caraga'nɨmpI shell, little rattle-like shell (with -tsi) inheritance *cata Proto-Northern Uto-Aztecan goes with Stubbs 1910 (2008:267) with Takic “bark” words, *cata, not *caLa broader (apparently any small shell) other complex has -pi ABS Sapir 1930:655 2 2 0 0 1 no
Southern Sierra Miwok Callianax biplicata luk:u- (and see note) olive shell, rope of whole olive shell beads inheritance Sierra Miwokan only In all Mis underived Broadbent 1964: 2 2 0 0 1 no
Southern Ute Callianax biplicata missing missing missing 2 2 0 0 1 no
Tübatulabal Callianax biplicata missing missing missing missing 2 2 0 0 1 no
Tümpisa Shoshone Callianax biplicata namokku(n) money inheritance *namɨkɨ Proto-Language Hmm. Note Northern Paiute namakoo “old kind of beads”, which strengthens choice of this etymon for “Olivella”. Perhaps from Stubbs 2333 “buy, sell, pay” where na- is reciprocal broader (extendable to modern money as well as shell money) underived But I think this is from verb for “to trade” Dayley 1989:125 2 2 0 0 1 no
Wappo Callianax biplicata missing missing missing 2 2 0 0 1 no
Washo Callianax biplicata missing missing missing 2 2 0 0 1 no
Western Mono Callianax biplicata powa' olivella shell inheritance *po'owa Western + Central Numic Stubbs 1907 (2008:267) same underived Bethel et al.:153 no info 2 2 no info trade men no info 0 1 used as money, comes from Morro Bay area (as per Bethel) no
Wintu Callianax biplicata Lono:q olivella shells inheritance *Lono(:)q Wintun Shepherd 2005 underived Pitkin 1985 2 2 0 0 1 no
Yavapai Callianax biplicata missing missing missing 2 2 0 0 1 no
Yokuts Palewyami Callianax biplicata missing missing missing 2 2 0 0 1 no
Yokuts Yawdanchi Callianax biplicata pòde disc beads inheritance Nim-Yokuts Yowl. Polay; note UA po… words narrower (probably just the beads, not the shell and animal) underived Kroeber 1961:218 2 2 0 0 1 no
Yokuts Yowlumne Callianax biplicata po:lay olivella beads inheritance Nim-Yokuts Note Yawdanchi pòde “disk beads” narrower (possibly just the beads, not the shell and animal) underived Kroeber 1961:194 2 2 0 0 1 no
Yuki Callianax biplicata missing missing missing 2 2 0 0 1 no
Yuma Callianax biplicata missing missing missing 2 2 0 0 1 no