Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

mountain/hill

Semantic Field
environment
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
montaña, colina, loma, cerro
Meaning Portuguese
morro, serra

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes General Notes Source
Baniwa hidzápa hidzápa inheritance See Language page
Piapoco dúli dúli See Language page
Yukuna yenuri jenuɾi inheritance See Language page
Tariana maka-pulikúda maka-pulikúda unknown See Language page
Kabiyari marena, takari marena, takari See Language page
Yavitero yaha jaha See Language page
Wapishana miˀdɨkʰɨu; nawaẓi miˀdɨkʰɨu; nawaẓi unknown; unknown See Language page
Mandawaka idáha idáha See Language page
Wayuu uuči Hill' is wɨtai (~wɨtali). See Language page
Yine mahka; pxita Also c̷rɨpxita. Foot of h. is mahka c̷kata; slope of h. is mahka xripi; summit of h. is mahka c̷opo; hillside is mahka tamnɨ; crest of hill is mrixi. See Language page
Paresi tyairi tyairi unknown See Language page
Ignaciano mari; masiʔi See Language page
Trinitario ʔnuɣʔe mari Lit. 'high rock' 01.440. See Language page
Waurá kehɨ-tɨ-kuma kehɨ-tɨ-kuma unknown See Language page
Arutani piʔa piʔa See Language page
Sape takwa takwa See Language page
Cha'palaa 'kuyi; 'lun-'guyi First form also means 'edge' 12.353. Also butʸu, 'hill'. See Language page
Bora kʰáme-kʷáxï, kʷáxïḯ, páïḯ, pʰá-kʷaxï, pʰá-ʔpaï} kʰámɛ-kʷáxɯ, kʷáxɯɯ́, páɯɯ́, pʰá-kʷaxɯ, pʰá-ʔpaɯ inheritance; inheritance See Language page
Muinane (-)báaɨ, -gáxɨ {gorge}, káamo-βo baaɨ́, káamo-βo-gaxɨ (-)báaɨ, -gáxɨ {gorge}, káamo-βo baaɨ́, káamo-βo-gaxɨ See Language page
Akawaio wïk (E1977) wïk (E1977) inheritance See Language page
Apalai somohmano, ypy somohmano, ɨpɨ unique; inheritance See Language page
Wayana ïpï ɨpɨ inheritance See Language page
Carijona hɨbɨ inheritance See Language page
Tiriyó pï(ï) pɨ(ɨ) inheritance See Language page
Eñepa iʔ iʔ unique See Language page
Makiritare hɨ̄ (IDS); hü: (KH), chu (KH) (means 'mountain', 'forest') hɨ:; tʃu (KH) inheritance; unique See Language page
Makushi wɨʔ (SIL) wɨʔ (SIL) inheritance See Language page
Mapoyo yipï yipʊ See Language page
Pemon mota (hombro, colina), wük (M2000) mota (A1981); wɨk unique; inheritance See Language page
Wai Wai ɨɨΦɨ; matɨwɨ-n ɨɨΦɨ; matɨwɨ-n inheritance; unique See Language page
Waimiri Atroari kyky kɨkɨ See Language page
Yabarana yutu, 'jutu See Language page
Yukpa dʒowa See Language page
Kalapalo tefu tefu unique See Language page
Muisca gua γua See Language page
Barí dyɨra Colombia: dʸɨɨrədə; 'šibərə. See Language page
Northern Emberá eyyá, chirúa, kathumá, katumá eyyá, tʃirúa, kathumá, katumá See Language page
Epena 'ee See Language page
Guayabero ʔiabót, mɨax unknown; unknown See Language page
Macaguan tserít tseɾít unknown See Language page
Cofán ccota´cco khotaʔkho phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS See Language page
Candoshi-Shapra machi matʃi unique See Language page
Páez achi atʃi See Language page
Tikuna [-pɯ] (nominal root) unique See Language page
Urarina ḍzaḍzoaco unique See Language page
Andoke fisi ɸiçi unique See Language page
Waorani gomi unique See Language page
Hodï inewa (hill) unique See Language page
Pumé ñãmĩ See Language page
Tinigua paːŋga See Language page
Puinave wen wen unique See Language page
Máku wi:ke wi:ke See Language page
Warao bubu (hill) bubu (hill) See Language page
Ashuar múra mura See Language page
Huambisa ikam ikam See Language page
Aguaruna íkam íkam inheritance See Language page
Nukak bii3 unique See Language page
Kakua bak-hě [soil-mountain] unique See Language page
Hup pǎç [=stone] pǎç [=stone] inheritance See Language page
Dâw paás  pǎʃ inheritance See Language page
Matses mannan mannán inheritance See Language page
Kakataibo βaši; ma'nã Also ma'tã, ma'ta (dial.); c̷ira 'tall hill, escarpment'. *Panoan *maʔči *Panoan *mana with related meanings 'above, up, upstream'. See Language page
Katukina maṣ̌i See Language page
Shipibo-Konibo ma-nã; mato; animanã See Language page
Yaminahua mãči kɨya Lit. 'hill tall'. See Language page
Chácobo mai-tɨmači; tɨmači; makana mai-tɨmači; tɨmači; makana inheritance; inheritance See Language page
Yagua musiy musij doubtful loan Tanimuca, Panoan See Language page
Southern Pastaza Quechua urcu uɾku See Language page
Ingá tula See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano orqo oɾqo See Language page
Piaroa muɨ'Ek'a' muɨɁEkɁaɁ unknown See Language page
Sáliva inacoho inakoʔo unknown See Language page
Bará ɨ̃'ã́-gɨ̃ See Language page
Barasano ~gɨtaɨ ~gɨtaɨ See Language page
Cubeo cʉ̃racũ ʉ̃mʉjʉricũ, ʉ̃mʉcacũchibʉ kɨ̃lakũ ɨ̃mɨhɨlikũ, ɨ̃mɨkakũtʃibɨ inheritance See Language page
Carapana buuro (hill), ʉ̃tã (mountain) ɨ̃tãɨ̃ See Language page
Desano ʉ̃tãgʉ ɨ̃tãgɨ inheritance See Language page
Kotiria tʉ̃cʉ (Waltz) tʉ̃kʉ (Waltz) inheritance See Language page
Makuna ~gɨtagũ̵ ~gɨtagũ̵ inheritance See Language page
Yuruti 'búuro 'búuro See Language page
Waikhana kɨ̃dɨ̃ kɨ̃dɨ̃ See Language page
Siriano buúru buúru See Language page
Tanimuca pu'sia pu'sia doubtful loan, direction unknown Yagua See Language page
Tatuyo ɨ̃'tãɨ̃ ɨ̃'tãɨ̃ See Language page
Tukano yehê (hr) jehê (hr) unique See Language page
Tuyuka ɨ̃tã-'gɨ̃ ɨ̃tã-ʔgɨ̃ See Language page
Waimaja búľó (cerro), ɨ̃́tʰã́bùľò (montaña) búró (cerro), ɨ̃́tʰã́bùrò (montaña) See Language page
Maihiki ɨmɨ tɨtɨ ja (ɨmɨ=high) ɨmɨ tɨ̃tɨ xã inheritance See Language page
Koreguaje aikũti aikhũthi inheritance See Language page
Siona kupˀɨ; ku kupˀɨ; ku unknown See Language page
Secoya jai cuti (montaña), cotihuë (loma) hai 'kũti, kõtiwɨ See Language page
Karitiana neso neso unknown See Language page
Nheengatu yumbuiçawa (yumbui-lavrar, çawa-nominalizer) jumbuisawa (jumbui=lavrar, sawa=nominalizer) unique See Language page
Wayampi ɨwɨ-tɨ Lit. 'earth-much'. inheritance See Language page
Aché kuãʔã unique See Language page
Chiriguano ɨwɨtɨ inheritance See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní ɨvɨ-tɨ Lit. 'earth-heap'. See Language page
Sirionó ibi ibate (Literally "earth high"; (ibi means earth)) ibi ibate inheritance See Language page
Kamayurá iˀatɨt (M2000) iˀatɨt (M2000) inheritance See Language page
Ocaina tyavúúro (colina) tʲaβɯ́ɯ́ro (colina) unique See Language page
Nɨpode Witoto kaipó-ne-du, íperï kaipó-nɛ-du, ípɛrɯ See Language page
Minica Witoto kaiɸó-ne-du, íɸerï kaiɸó-nɛ-du, íɸɛrɯ See Language page
Murui Witoto a-ne-du, i-du a-nɛ-du, i-du unknown See Language page
Ninam olina, teremi (EM72), maamak (EM72) olina, teɾemi, ma:mak loan; unique; inheritance Spanish See Language page
Yanomam hefu (EM72), maamak (EM72) hefu, ma:mak inheritance; inheritance See Language page
Yanomami hehu, makɨ (EM72) hehu, makɨ (EM72) inheritance; inheritance See Language page
Sanumá heu (EM72), maamakɨ (EM72) heu, maamakɨ inheritance; inheritance See Language page
Iquito aniníiqui aniníiki unique See Language page
Záparo tuanaha tuanaha See Language page
Wari pakun Lit. 'rock' 01.440. See Language page
Araona ewašokʷe Also ewa-tihi-tihi. Cf. 'thumb' 04.342. See Language page
Ese Ejja e(y)iyo inheritance See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo ebawa ebawa See Language page
Tacana e-mata; moroko The former also means 'forehead' 04.205. See Language page
Cavineña owa-kʷemoso; e-mata (owa means "earth") owa-kʷemoso; e-mata inheritance? See Language page
Central Aymara qollu ḳulʸu See Language page
Cayuvava rɔ'retui Means 'raised land, hill'. See Language page
Kwazá tsuritsatu tsuritsatu See Language page
Mosetén-Chimané mœ'kæ See Language page
Movima ɗuɗuʔ-kʷa ɗuɗuʔ-kʷa See Language page
Kaingang pãnònh krĩ; pãnɔɲ; sɔr See Language page
Karajá hãwãlɔ See Language page
Djeoromitxi uri uri See Language page
Chipaya kuru Also čˀutu, a large or small mound; pata means 'small hill'. See Language page
Mocoví soʁonaʁa See Language page
Pilagá ḳasoʁonaʁa See Language page
Toba ḳasoʁonaʁa Cf. 'lightning' 01.550. See Language page
Lengua inkyiɬe See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité mitaimoŋ Same as 'stone, rock' 01.440. See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet eŋkeɬe; mataymoŋ See Language page
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay tače'nah See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja takixnakiʔ See Language page
Maca utek (f.) 'Mountain ridge' is utek-et. Cf. 'stone' 01.440. See Language page
Nivaclé ute-yuk mountain, hill Lit. 'rock-nominalizer suffix'. https://ids.clld.org/
Ayoreo oro'ko-daa'te daa'te is 'mother', with the meaning of 'big'. Also oro'ko. See Language page
Mapudungun wiŋkul mapu Ranquel form is mawiða. See Language page
Qawasqar arḳa-ḳʰar Bo and Gui record the same for Central QWS. Cf. 'sky' 01.510; 'up' 12.080. Also wes-kʰar; cf. 'earth' 01.210. See Language page
Selknam kˀoyin See Language page
Tehuelche 'gēwt Means 'hill'. Also 'yerwn. See Language page
Lokono holholho hoɽoɽo mountain Pet 1987:364
Kariña paranka paranka hill; mountain Yamada 2010:788