Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

rope/string

Semantic Field
culture
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
mecate, cuerda, soga
Meaning Portuguese
corda

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Etymology Notes Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Word Structure Word Structure Notes General Notes Source Created By
Cahuilla kawi-ve string, cord unknown This may have the *wi root; Merriam has witch-oot 'thread of plant fiber' 48:341 derived Seiler & Hioki 1979 Jane Hill
Cupeño wish bowstring, willow fiber inheritance *wik-tiwa Uto-Aztecan Stubbs 2011 1843 other complex Hill & Nolasquez 1973 Jane Hill
Luiseño wiichut rope, string, twine inheritance *wik-tiwa Uto-Aztecan Stubbs 2011 1843 other complex Elliott 1999 Jane Hill
Gabrielino we-vor wi:vor 'milkweed' H492 thread, cord, rope inheritance *wika Uto-Aztecan Stubbs 2011 1843; this odd development shared with Kitanemuk other complex Merriam 49:103 Jane Hill
Serrano wičua't string inheritance *wik-tu7a Uto-Aztecan Stubbs 2011 1843 other complex K. Hill Dict. Jane Hill
Kitanemuk wivüč red milkweed fiber twisted into cord, and the plant inheritance *wik Uto-Aztecan Stubbs 2011 1843; this form and Gab form are the same other complex Anderton 1988 Jane Hill
Tübatulabal yūwil string, buckskin thong (of Milkweed, Merriam 49:267) inheritance *wik Uto-Aztecan Stubbs 2011 1843; yu- is the 'hair' root other complex K. Hill Tb>Eng Jane Hill
Bankalachi Toloim yu'-wil cord or rope inheritance *wik- Uto-Aztecan Stubbs 2011 1843 other complex Merriam 49:191 Jane Hill
Kawaiisu wy7ivy string, cord inheritance *wika Uto-Aztecan Stubbs 2011 1843 other complex with -by "Ascleipias fascicularis" Zigmond et al. 1990 Jane Hill
Chemehuevi tunapY thread, string (p. 45) unknown Southern Numic only; Stubbs 2011 1841 other complex Harrington Chemehuevi Noun List (K. Hill 1969) Jane Hill
Southern Paiute tyshshavY rope unknown Southern Numic only, Stubbs 2011 1844 other complex Sapir Jane Hill
Southern Ute tamuvY muscle, sinew, ligament, thread inheritance *tammu Uto-Aztecan the 'sinew' word; Stubbs 2011 2276 other complex Charney Jane Hill
Tümpisa Shoshone wisipin string, thread, fish line inheritance *wika Uto-Aztecan Stubbs 2011 1843; we need a story about this /s/! other complex Dayley 1989 Jane Hill
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone wisun string inheritance *wika Uto-Aztecan Stubbs 2011 1843 simplex Miller 1972 Jane Hill
Comanche tyyhtama7 string, yarn, ties unknown Central Numic only word for 'tie'; Stubbs 2011 2335 compound wyhtama7 to bale, bundle R Jane Hill
Western Mono wisibi string, thread, milkweed inheritance *wika Uto-Aztecan Stubbs 2011 1843 other complex Loether & Bethel 1993 Jane Hill
Northern Paiute weha fishing line, string inheritance *wika Uto-Aztecan Stubbs 2011 1843 simplex Yerington 1987 Jane Hill
Southern Sierra Miwok hi:loH- string loan Spanish WW %hilo simplex Broadbent 1964 Jane Hill
Central Sierra Miwok kúš:ily- string unique simplex Freedland & Broadbent 1960 Jane Hill
Northern Sierra Miwok hi:lo- string loan Spanish WW %hilo simplex Callaghan 1987 Jane Hill
Plains Miwok hi:la string loan Spanish WW %hilo simplex Callaghan 1984 Jane Hill
Lake Miwok wíttum Indian string, bowstring, Apocynum unique simplex Callaghan 1965 Jane Hill
Maidu k'ùk'ú rope, string, twine inheritance *k'úk' Proto-Maiduan Ultan 1964:364; poom 'milkweed thread' Merriam 41:277 simple Shipley 1963 Jane Hill
Nisenan k'uk' rope, string inheritance *k'úk' Proto-Maiduan Ultan 1964:364 simplex Uldall & Shipley 1966 Jane Hill
Yokuts Yawelmani c'ikey string inheritance *ch'ik- Proto-Nim-Yokuts derived Golla 1964 Jane Hill
Yokuts Yawdanchi cax c is sh milkweed, string-fiber unknown simplex Kroeber 1907 Jane Hill
Yokuts Palewyami c'ekiy' č' (JPH) string inheritance Proto-Yokutsan Whistler & Golla 343 simplex Gamble 1991 Jane Hill
Washo 7išdïlíŋ string unknown unknown looks non-canonical but I can't find elements Washo Project Dictionary Jane Hill
Wintu su:pi string, twine unknown derived sup 'unravel Schlichter 1981 Jane Hill
Yuki TiT (THíTH in Elmendorf 1993) rope, string inheritance *tit Proto-Yukian see Wappo form simplex Schlichter 1985 Jane Hill
Wappo THéTi cord, rope inheritance Proto-Yukian simplex Elmendorf 1993 Jane Hill
Mutsun ru:k string inheritance Proto-Costanoan Sta Cruz ruk 'bowstring' (Henshaw in Heizer 1955) simplex Okrand 1977 Jane Hill
Esselen missing missing Jane Hill
Salinan A aso/L cord, line, string unknown 7ašó:l' Turner p. 101; pe-lah thread of milkweed Merriam 38:397 simplex Mason 1918 Jane Hill
Salinan M missing missing Jane Hill
Chumash Obispeno tlaxpil la cuerda (might be sinew) unknown copy of Fages simplex Harrington Jane Hill
Chumash Ineseno miyaš string, twine inheritance Proto-Central Chumash also pox 'line, cord' 474 (CB pox is 'cactus, mescal' -- is this agave fiber? derived Applegate 1972 Jane Hill
Chumash Barbareno skin'it skën'ët' Ono 1996:47 string, cord unknown toq' string, thread (probably < milkweed) simplex Beeler 1978:186 Jane Hill
Chumash Ventureno mijaš cord inheritance Proto-Central Chumash derived miy 'to make cord' + RSLT Mamet 2008 Jane Hill
Iipay 'Aa missing missing Jane Hill
Cocopa xkWa: string used in making blankets unknown simplex Crawford 1989 Jane Hill
Mojave 7ichuukwev rope, fishing line, yarn unknown derived Munro et al. 1992 Jane Hill
Yavapai 7û:li string unknown simplex Shaterian 1983 Jane Hill
Kiliwa chuul string, cord unknown simplex Mixco 1985 Jane Hill
Seri (Comcaac) poosj cord, string unknown simplex Moser & Marlett 2005 Jane Hill
Baniwa iiñáda, pápi iiɲáda, pápi inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B.
Achagua éenaʒuʃi éenaʒuʃi inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Piapoco bapìsi, íiyanási bapìsi, íijanási See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Yukuna íñeji íɲehi inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Tariana kamáña, kamáyana kamáña, kamájana doubtful loan, direction unknown Cubeo kainime See Language page Ana Paula B.
Resígaro tshomaátshí-?o tsʰomaátsí-ʔó unique See Language page Ana Paula B.
Yavitero c̷ima-naha ¢ima-naha See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Bare isíma isíma See Language page Ana Paula B.
Wapishana ẓuupʰa ẓuupʰa unknown See Language page Ana Paula B.
Wayuu ehita-waa See Language page PLE
Yine c̷a Also means 'string'. *Piro-Apuriná form is *c̷a. See Language page PLE
Paresi olawa 'tucum'; konohi 'fio de algodão' uˈlawa 'tucum', kunuhi 'fio de algodão' unknown See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Ignaciano enure See Language page PLE
Trinitario ikoropi See Language page PLE
Baure ni-'ro- ni-'ro- unknown See Language page Anissa Capuccino
Waurá #NAME? #NAME? unknown See Language page Joyce McCormick, PLE
Cha'palaa 'kabu-'čuwa -čuwa also occurs on: 'vein' 04.151; 'belt' 06.570; 'chain' 09.180; 'sling' 20.230. See Language page PLE
Bora kʷáápʸaï, pʰátoʔxɨ kʷáápʸaɯ, pʰátoʔxɨ inheritance See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Muinane gáaibaɨ (of hammock), dúuxe-yɨ gáaibaɨ (of hammock), dúuxɛ-jɨ See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Akawaio eesekkwa e'sɛʔkwa inheritance Pemongan See Language page Melody Ann Ross
Apalai amity, eary amitɨ, earɨ inheritance See Language page Rebekah L. Evans
Wayana mëtëhem mǝtǝhem unique See Language page PLE
Carijona ewarɨ inheritance See Language page Melody Ann Ross, Zach Burnett, PLE
Tiriyó ewa ewa inheritance See Language page Becky Walker
Eñepa awa; warara (IDS) awa; warara (IDS) inheritance See Language page Melody Ann Ross, Lauren Franklin; Alyssa Wadley
Makiritare āʔtoɨ (IDS) āʔtoɨ (IDS) inheritance See Language page Melody Ann Ross, Karina Baeza; Alyssa Wadley
Makushi eʔseusa (IDS) eʔseusa (IDS) inheritance See Language page Melody Ann Ross; Alyssa Wadley
Mapoyo pi'bë (of hide) pi'bɛ (of hide) See Language page Melody Ann Ross
Pemon ewa, esewa (A1981); itewa (M2000) ewa, esewa (A1981) inheritance See Language page Melody Ann Ross, Karina Baeza; Alyssa Wadley
Wai Wai ruuΦu ruuΦu unique See Language page Melody Ann Ross
Waimiri Atroari wa' waʔ See Language page Melody Ann Ross, PLE
Yabarana ta:seti See Language page Ana Paula B., John Blaha
Yukpa mejena, mekate, misine mehena, mekate, misine See Language page Ana Paula B., Melody Ann Ross
Muisca zimne tʂimne See Language page Daniel Valle
Barí kaaḳšibu; bwaisaɨg Colombia: š'danə. See Language page PLE
Northern Emberá dyihĩ́na, hũŋkará dʒihĩ́na, hũŋkará See Language page Jonathan Quintanilla, PLE
Epena hɨ̃-'kʰara Means 'vine', lit. 'tie-plant'. 'Twine' is čɨ; 'tumpline (head strap) is hau'čira 'bark'. See Language page PLE
Guayabero mɨa-t inheritance Proto-Guahiban See Language page Ana Paula B.
Macaguan tomɨt inheritance Proto-Guahiban See Language page Ana Paula B., Brittany Weinstein
Sikuani pe-máka, pe-máɨ-to inheritance See Language page Jonathan Quintanilla, Brittany Weinstein
Cuiva bú-maka, pe-mɨ́-to See Language page
Playero pe-mú-to See Language page
Cofán simba'fa simbaʔɸa phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS See Language page Daniel Valle
Candoshi-Shapra yago janko unique See Language page Daniel Valle
Taushiro o o See Language page Daniel Valle
Páez wes wes See Language page Daniel Valle
Tikuna nãpanã nãpanã unique See Language page Daniel Valle, Zach Burnett, PLE
Urarina ioḍzi iotʃi unique See Language page Daniel Valle, PLE
Camsa biá-xa biá-xa See Language page Daniel Valle
Andoke kõno (cord) (RW52) unique See Language page Kelsey Neely, PLE
Waorani gægĩka-bẽ unique See Language page Paulina Franco, Bettie Gonzalez, PLE
Hodï ulike unique See Language page Brittany Weinstein
Pumé kãĩ, bʊre kʊ 'rope, cord' See Language page Paulina Franco, PLE
Puinave dɨt-ot dɨt-ot unique See Language page Daniel Valle, Zach Burnett, PLE
Máku bakiči 'corda' See Language page
Ashuar náek, yárang naɨk, jaraŋ See Language page Daniel Valle
Huambisa naek naɨk See Language page Daniel Valle
Aguaruna daék daɨk inheritance See Language page Daniel Valle
Nukak tããʔ2 unique See Language page
Kakua tɨt2 [H&R]; tõp [vine] loan Nadahup: Hup tɨt See Language page Katherine Bolaños
Hup tɨ́t (cord, vine) tɨ́t (cord, vine) inheritance See Language page Pattie Epps
Yuhup tɨt tɨt See Language page Ana Paula B., Pattie Epps
Dâw tit tit inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., Pattie Epps
Nadëb/Roçado dialect tɨd inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., Pattie Epps
Matses bucu buku unknown See Language page Daniel Valle, Becky Walker
Kakataibo nisi mɨṣ̌i 'bowstring'; ic̷i 'rope made of twisted vine'. *Panoan *risβiči. See Language page PLE
Katukina ṣ̌oka rɨsβi See Language page PLE
Pacahuara 'taška See Language page PLE
Shipibo-Konibo risβi See Language page PLE
Yaminahua niši Also means 'vine' 08.670. See Language page PLE
Chácobo niši niši inheritance/loan into protolg Tacanan řisi 'tie' (Girard71) See Language page Joyce McCormick
Yagua judiju xũdixũ unique See Language page Daniel Valle
Southern Pastaza Quechua wasca waska See Language page Daniel Valle
Ingá waska waska See Language page Daniel Valle
Napo Lowland Quichua huasca waska See Language page Daniel Valle
Quechua Ayacuchano waska waska See Language page Daniel Valle, PLE
Piaroa a'núcoh aɁnúsoh unique See Language page Amanda Novak, Becky Walker
Sáliva onono onono unique See Language page Becky Walker
Bará -da See Language page Kelsey Neely, Tanja Baeuerlein
Barasano bĩsĩ-bã́, hũ gɨbo bĩsĩ-bã́, hũ gɨbo See Language page Addison Martinez, Tanja Baeuerlein
Cubeo boca, cainime (both generic terms); cõenó vaivéime; cuitóteme; muiñucame; odaime; tẽtume boka, kainime (both generic terms); kõenó vaivéime; kuitóteme; muijukame; oðaime; tẽtume unique; doubtful loan, direction unknown Tariana kamájana See Language page Tanja Baeuerlein; Alyssa Wadley
Carapana 'híjá-rí-ká-wẽ 'híjá-rí-ká-wẽ See Language page Amanda Novak, Tanja Baeuerlein
Desano pũ gubu pũ gubu inheritance See Language page Addison M; Tanja Baeuerlein
Kotiria ~da'bo nãʔmṍ unique See Language page Tanja Baeuerlein
Makuna bĩsĩ-bã, hũ gɨbo bĩsĩ-bã, hũ gɨbo inheritance See Language page Amanda Novak, Tanja Baeuerlein
Yuruti u'páda u'páda See Language page Ana Paula; Tanja Baeuerlein
Waikhana ju'ta da ju'ta da See Language page Ana Paula; Tanja Baeuerlein
Siriano pṹ-gubu pṹ-gubu See Language page Ana Paula B.
Tanimuca dyũ'tã kã'rõã ʎũ'tã kã'rõã inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Tatuyo hi'á-ríka-wẽ hi'á-ríka-wẽ See Language page
Tukano (dɨʔterí) daa, pṹ-dɨ̃bõ da (dɨʔterí) daa, pṹ-dɨ̃bõ da inheritance Branch 2, E Tuk See Language page Ana Paula, Amanda Novak
Tuyuka pũũ-dɨ'pó pũũ-dɨ'pó See Language page D. Jagannathan, Ana Paula B.
Waimaja ñṹkʰã̀ ɲṹkʰã̀ See Language page Kelsey Neely
Maihiki bichibɨ jã, deca ja bitʃibɨ xã, dekã xã inheritance See Language page Daniel Valle
Koreguaje pĩsime, chʉi pĩsime, dʒʉi inheritance See Language page Daniel Valle
Siona bisi, yëime bisi, jɨime inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Secoya jui 'me, pĩsi jui 'me, pĩsi See Language page Amanda Novak
Karitiana takipa takipa unknown See Language page Daniel Valle
Nheengatu upaçama (cf. xama), tupaçama upasama (cf. ʃama), tupasama inheritance See Language page John Blaha, Lauren Franklin, PLE, Alyssa Wadley
Kokama puatsa puatsa doubtful loan, direction unknown Ocaina mõãʔša-ʔóɸɛ See Language page Zach Burnett, Daniel Valle
Wayampi kulawa kulawa unique See Language page PLE
Aché pawa unknown See Language page PLE
Chiriguano sã; tɨmãsa inheritance See Language page PLE
Paraguayan Guaraní tukuᵐbo; sã See Language page PLE
Sirionó esã esã inheritance See Language page Joyce McCormick, Becky Walker
Kamayurá tupaham tupaham inheritance See Language page Rebekah L. Evans
Ocaina ñííʔoɸe, mõãʔšaʔóɸe ɲííʔoɸɛ, mõãʔšaʔóɸɛ unknown; doubtful loan, direction unknown Kokama puatsa See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz
Nɨpode Witoto íga.ï, ra.o íga.ɯ, ra.o See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz
Minica Witoto íga.ï, ra.o íga.ɯ, ra.o See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz
Murui Witoto igaɨ, rao igaɯ, rao (B83) inheritance/Witoto See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Ninam raithata, oramthata (EM72) ɾaitʰata, oɾamtʰata inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Yanomam ãsitʰa (IDS), natha, thok nak (EM72) ãsitʰa (IDS), natʰa, tʰok nak inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Yanomami ãsitha ãsitʰa inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Sanumá thãi thatha, thothotho (EM72) tʰãi tʰatʰa, tʰotʰotʰo inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Iquito iiyɨ'ɨ, in'++qui iijɨ'ɨ, in'ɨɨki inheritance; unknown See Language page Cynthia Hansen
Záparo iyawka ijawka See Language page Becky Walker
Wari makon (makorišiʔ) makon (makoriʃiʔ) Also means 'vine' 08.670. See Language page PLE
Araona bado; misa The former also means 'string'. The latter is twisted bark. *Tacn form is *bado. See Language page PLE
Ese Ejja xono unknown See Language page PLE
Ese Ejja/Huarayo ato; xono; baa-xono (Girard 1971) ato; xono; baa-xono See Language page Joyce McCormick
Tacana tawa miða Made of twisted vine. Also noča risi. Also rei-hihi. See Language page PLE
Cavineña jiru (C&L89) hiru unknown See Language page Joyce McCormick, Becky Walker
Central Aymara t´isuna wiska See Language page PLE
Cayuvava ǰikiβa; ɲohe See Language page PLE
Itonama mospiko, mospiku Leather rope is wakapi. See Language page PLE
Kwazá i'tsosisi i'tsosisi See Language page Joyce McCormick
Mosetén-Chimané tĩ'dʸeʔ See Language page Joyce McCormick, PLE
Movima ɗaβul-čo-ɗi ɗaβul-tʃo-ɗi See Language page Anissa Capuccino, Becky Walker
Trumai (ha) sauken (ha) sauken unique See Language page Rebekah L. Evans, PLE
Kaingang vãfe ṣ̌eya; wãΦe See Language page PLE
Canela pye See Language page PLE
Suyá kató kató See Language page Rebekah Evans
Karajá reroti; lɔɨsana (?) See Language page PLE
Djeoromitxi hokä hokǝ See Language page PLE
Chipaya ḳoxč Uru-J form is ḳoxč. Also kˀaya, a tightly braided rope. A rope used for measuring is eḳa. Rope made of straw is ḳaru. Rope with four 'caitos' is molukˀu. R. with five 'caitos' is šḳata. R. with eight 'caitos' is tika; tikḳoč. A 'caito' is a braided rope o See Language page PLE
Mocoví l-aɲik See Language page PLE
Pilagá l-aɲik See Language page PLE
Toba l-aɲik See Language page PLE
Lengua tama See Language page PLE
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité tama See Language page PLE
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet taamaʔ; taama kyeweyˀ; aɬaataʔaok See Language page PLE
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay i-nah'yit See Language page PLE
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja niyek (f.) See Language page PLE
Maca niyak (m.) See Language page PLE
Nivaclé -niyɔk; -wankˀ-ɔkfa-xat See Language page PLE
Ayoreo 'enuei; ča'ge-n̥ai The latter is 'braided rope'. 'Lasso' is 'enuhe-n̥ai; 'feather rope' is ibota'ye. See Language page PLE
Mapudungun ṭ͡ʀari Ranquel form is ṭ͡ʀay-; pɨro-; ɨkel-. See Language page PLE
Qawasqar c̷epaḳye-na Also asaks. Gui records kapec̷elar for Central QWS. See Language page PLE
Selknam atˀe See Language page PLE
Tehuelche '-oʔx- See Language page PLE
Bankalachi Toloim yu'-wil 191 inheritance Jane Hill
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone tymukkun, tuhmun (Cherry Creek) inheritance Jane Hill
Cahuilla 7uwish inheritance Mamet 08 Jane Hill
Central Sierra Miwok kush:ily- unknown Jane Hill
Chemehuevi uru/mp(i) unknown Jane Hill
Chumash Barbareno s-kyn'yt' inheritance wash 2001:60 Jane Hill
Cahuilla 7uwish inheritance Mamet 08 Jane Hill
Central Sierra Miwok kush:ily- unknown Jane Hill
Chemehuevi uru/mp(i) unknown Jane Hill
Chumash Barbareno s-kyn'yt' inheritance wash 2001:60 Jane Hill
Chumash Ineseno skynyt' inheritance A 241 Jane Hill
Chumash Obispeno yak'ishaqshi7 “our rope” unknown Klar 1980:91 Jane Hill
Chumash Ventureno sutine/t “mecate” unknown B67:64 Jane Hill
Cocopa yu7a/r inheritance Jane Hill
Comanche wiyaa7 (in pahki wiyaa7 “rawhide rope”) inheritance Jane Hill
Jaru wirriji inheritance Claire Bowern
Karajarri mirrilyi doubtful loan Claire Bowern
Kija ngerla-m inheritance Claire Bowern
Malyangapa Mal: parlka loan Claire Bowern
Mangala rupu loan Claire Bowern
Miriwung jendoong inheritance Claire Bowern
Mithaka [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Mudburra mundiri Claire Bowern
Mudburra muntiri unique Claire Bowern
Ngamini yinka inheritance Claire Bowern
Ngandi ma-balku loan Claire Bowern
Ngarluma binyjura unique Claire Bowern
Ngumbarl moongoo <moongoo> unknown Claire Bowern
Nhirrpi wirni inheritance Claire Bowern
Nimanburru meredj merej inheritance Claire Bowern
Northern Mangarla rupu loan Claire Bowern
Northern Nyangumarta kunyjipinti inheritance Claire Bowern
Nyangumarta mirrilyi unknown Claire Bowern
Nyulnyul meredj merej inheritance Claire Bowern
Paakantyi kalpalka unique Claire Bowern
Pirriya kobara unique Claire Bowern
Pitta-Pitta [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Rirratjingu [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Ritharrngu balku inheritance Claire Bowern
Walmajarri juntu inheritance Claire Bowern
Wangkayutyuru wampiri unique Claire Bowern
Wubuy maburr inheritance Claire Bowern
Yan-nhangu balku inheritance Claire Bowern
Yandruwandha wirni inheritance Claire Bowern
Yarluyandi [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Yawarrawarrka wini inheritance Claire Bowern
Yawuru mirrilyi mirrilyi inheritance Claire Bowern
Cupeño wichu'e-t [witʃuɁət] inheritance Jane Hill
Gabrielino we/-vor /wivo-r/JHH inheritance CHM/MC245 Jane Hill
Iipay 'Aa hellytay [xəɬʸˈtai] unknown Jane Hill
Kawaiisu tu7uru unknown Jane Hill
Kiliwa x7yiil “mecate” 86 inheritance Jane Hill
Kitanemuk wivach “fiber” inheritance Jane Hill
Lake Miwok ciko/ote loan Jane Hill
Luiseño wi:-cha-t, wi:-chu-t inheritance Jane Hill
Maidu k'uk'u/ inheritance Jane Hill
Mojave aduly= (make a) inheritance Jane Hill
Mutsun ru:k “string” unknown O77:136 Jane Hill
Nisenan k'uk' inheritance Jane Hill
Northern Paiute tygapu inheritance SAA 1982:42 Jane Hill
Northern Sierra Miwok ciko:te- loan Jane Hill
Plains Miwok ciko:te- (Sp.) loan Jane Hill
Salinan A aso/L (A only) “cord, line, string” unknown Jane Hill
Salinan M missing missing Jane Hill
Seri (Comcaac) hapa/nzx (horsehair rope) unknown Jane Hill
Serrano qai-kwt Poss -ku7 “rope” unknown Jane Hill
Southern Paiute tyc:a-S inheritance Jane Hill
Southern Sierra Miwok ciko:te loan Jane Hill
Southern Ute savY unknown Jane Hill
Tübatulabal tuumajuut, tyymi7at loan Jane Hill
Tümpisa Shoshone tymuhuh, tymohun unknown Jane Hill
Wappo The/Ti “cord” loan into protolanguage E1993 Jane Hill
Washo bec'ílsiʔ unknown Washo Project Jane Hill
Western Mono ty/ga/pO inheritance Jane Hill
Wintu dolumes inheritance? Jane Hill
Yavapai ?u^:li “string”, yu_:l “rope made of cowhide” inheritance Jane Hill
Yokuts Yowlumne tc'ikei “cord, string” (c'ikey W&G) inheritance K 1963 Jane Hill
Yuki TiT loan into protolanguage S&S 1984 Jane Hill
Arabana mati inheritance Claire Bowern
Bardi mirrij mirrij inheritance Claire Bowern
Bunuba [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Burarra wajipa unknown Claire Bowern
Dhangu malka unknown Claire Bowern
Dhuwal wuthirri Claire Bowern
Dhuwala guwal unknown Claire Bowern
Diyari yinka inheritance Claire Bowern
DiyariREU mati loan Arabana Claire Bowern
Djambarrpuyngu wuthirri unknown Claire Bowern
Djapu [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Djinang muṉḏaṉ unknown Claire Bowern
Gajirrabeng ngelang inheritance Claire Bowern
Gooniyandi [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Gupapuyngu guwal Claire Bowern
Gurindji muntiri unique Claire Bowern
Lokono tetei tetei rope Pet 1987:369 Camille Unger
Kariña ewa ewa rope Yamada 2010:734 Camille Unger