| Bankalachi Toloim |
Solenopsis spp |
kā-nit |
|
red ant |
loan |
|
|
Yokuts |
Proto-NimYokuts *k'e:nich (Golla 1964:60) |
|
|
broader (all ants) |
underived |
|
|
|
|
C. H. Merriam 72-79 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Big Smokey Valley Shoshone |
Solenopsis spp |
hu'nitan |
|
red ant |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
same |
underived |
|
|
|
|
Crum & Dayley 1993:266 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Cahuilla |
Solenopsis spp |
ʔánet |
ˈʔanet |
ant, big ant |
inheritance |
*ʔalɨn- |
Uto-Aztecan |
|
S44 (Stubbs 2009:44) |
|
|
broader; also generic for “ant” at least in Mountain and Wanikik; unclear for Desert Cahuilla but generic for “big ant” there; Merriam confirms “red ant” |
other complex |
7ane-t |
-7aʃ "pet" |
possibly possessive classifier -7ash |
|
Seiler&Hioki 1979:16 |
no info |
1 |
|
0 |
ants and larvae eaten |
no info |
|
gathered (wild) |
All |
anthill swarms with larvae pushed into pits with hot rocks and roasted, also boiled |
0 |
|
0 |
|
All Americas |
Diverse habitats |
no |
|
|
|
| Central Sierra Miwok |
Solenopsis spp |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Chemehuevi |
Solenopsis spp |
wahnts |
|
Red ant (stings) |
unique |
|
|
|
same as word for “antelope” |
|
|
same |
other complex |
has -tsI Diminutive |
|
|
|
Merriam 59:537 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Chumash Barbareno |
Solenopsis spp |
tiʃ'iʎ'il |
|
red ant |
inheritance |
|
Central Chumash only |
|
same root in Ineseno |
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Beeler 1978:186 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Chumash Ineseno |
Solenopsis spp |
tish-oo-lun |
|
red ant |
inheritance |
|
Central Chumash only |
|
same root in Barbareno |
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Merriam 55:19 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Chumash Obispeno |
Solenopsis spp |
t qala' |
|
large red ant |
inheritance |
*tkaya' |
Proto-Chumash |
|
sound symbolism changes consonant |
|
|
|
other complex |
t- |
|
|
|
Klar 1977:64 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Chumash Ventureno |
Solenopsis spp |
sutülhüL |
|
rose-colored ant |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
underived |
maybe a redup here |
|
|
|
JPH III:69:0081 from FL |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Cocopa |
Solenopsis spp |
šmuyúły ɂaxwáţ |
|
red ant |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
no info |
phrase |
ant red (calque?) |
|
|
|
Crawford 1989 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Comanche |
Solenopsis spp |
ekaɨnɨɨ |
|
red ant; large red ant |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
narrower (a kind of red ant) |
phrase |
eka-ɨnɨɨ red-bug |
|
|
|
Robinson & Armagost 1990:164; |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Cupeño |
Solenopsis spp |
anat |
ʹʔanat |
ant, red ant |
inheritance |
*ʔalɨN- |
Uto-Aztecan |
|
S44 (Stubbs 2009:44) |
|
|
broader (both red ants and generic for ants) |
other complex |
ʹʔana-t ant-npn |
-ʔaʃ "pet" |
possessive classifier for animals |
|
Hill & Nolasquez 1973:151 |
no info |
1 |
used in boy's ant ordeal |
0 |
probably larvae eaten |
no info |
probably bites used therapeutically outside of ordeal |
gathered (wild) |
men |
live ants saved for ordeal |
0 |
|
0 |
|
Americas |
diverse habitats |
no |
|
|
|
| Esselen |
Solenopsis spp |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Gabrielino |
Solenopsis spp |
ahn'-naht' (red ant) |
ˈʔa:nat |
red ant |
inheritance |
*ʔalɨN- |
Uto-Aztecan |
|
S44 (Stubbs 2009:44) |
|
|
same |
other complex |
ˈʔa:na-t red.ant-npn |
-ʔaʧ "pet" |
possessive classifier for animals |
|
http://www.archive.org/stream/bancroft_chartmerriam_1556_60#page/n415/mode/2up; p. 431 |
no info |
1 |
in ant ordeal |
0 |
McC 121 |
1 |
swallowed for medicine (McC) |
gathered (wild) |
all |
larvae often eaten raw as found McC 121 |
0 |
|
0 |
|
Americas |
Diverse habitats |
no |
|
|
|
| Iipay 'Aa |
Solenopsis spp |
chemilly |
|
ant, red ant |
inheritance |
|
Proto-Yuman |
|
Mo. chamaduuly, Co. šmuyúły, Yavapai čmyúl |
|
|
broader (generid for ant) |
underived |
|
|
|
|
Couro & Hutcheson 1973 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Kawaiisu |
Solenopsis spp |
taasuɁu-vi |
|
Red ant |
inheritance |
*tasi'a |
Proto-Numic |
|
Stubbs 49 (2008;45) Central and Southern Numic only |
|
|
same |
other complex |
taasuɁu-vi ant-ABS |
|
|
|
Zigmond et al. |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Kiliwa |
Solenopsis spp |
tlpaa |
|
large red ant |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
narrower (a kind of red ant) |
underived |
|
|
|
|
Mixco 1985 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Kitanemuk |
Solenopsis spp |
ʔanɨht |
ˈʔanɨht |
ant sp.: big, red, applied to body for pain |
inheritance |
*ʔalɨN- |
Uto-Aztecan |
|
S44 (Stubbs 2009:44) |
|
|
same |
other complex |
ˈʔanɨh-t red.ant-npn |
-ʔacit "pet" |
possessive classifier for animals |
|
Anderton 1988:270 |
no info |
1 |
ingested in vision quest |
0 |
|
1 |
apply to body, or eat for pain |
gathered (wild) |
men |
see medicinal notes |
0 |
noted as a hallucinogen by Blackburn & Bean 1978:467 |
0 |
|
Americas |
Diverse habitats |
no |
|
|
|
| Lake Miwok |
Solenopsis spp |
7awáakan |
|
red ants |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Callaghan 1965 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Luiseño |
Solenopsis spp |
7áanat |
ˈʔa:nat |
California harvesting ant, Pogonomyrmex californicus |
inheritance |
*ʔalɨn- |
|
|
S44 (Stubbs 2009:44) |
|
|
narrower (a specific kind of red ant, not all red ants) |
other complex |
ˈʔa:na-t red.ant.sp-non.possessed.noun |
|
|
|
Harrington 1978:164 |
no info |
1 |
used in ant ordeal (Harrington 1978:164) |
0 |
|
1 |
“the medicinal ant of these people” (Harrington 1978:164), a blood medicine, for rheumatism. Could be swallowed or put on afflicted part to bite it. |
gathered (wild) |
men |
kept live for ant ordeal |
0 |
|
0 |
|
Americas |
diverse habitats |
no |
|
|
|
| Maidu |
Solenopsis spp |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Mojave |
Solenopsis spp |
chamaduuly |
|
red ant |
inheritance |
|
|
|
|
|
|
broader (any ant, with red ant as prototype) |
underived |
|
|
|
|
Munro et al.1992 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Mutsun |
Solenopsis spp |
oTol, oTon |
|
red ant |
inheritance |
|
Costanoan |
|
Shaul 1986:699 notes Esselen otsoli-pša “ant”; also Rumsen oto |
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Mason 1916:427 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Nisenan |
Solenopsis spp |
pan-nan'-nok, u'-lah-lok; ut'-ah-ut'-ah |
|
small red ant, sm.r.a./ large r.a. |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
reduplicated |
|
|
|
|
Merriam 57:243 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Northern Paiute |
Solenopsis spp |
hooedu, tsahooedda |
|
red ants |
unique |
|
|
|
note that at Walker Lake Merriam has hooedu as “black ants” |
|
|
same |
derived |
has -tɨ deverbalizing suffix, what is hooe??? |
|
|
|
Yerington Dictionary |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Northern Sierra Miwok |
Solenopsis spp |
pah'-tĕ-mah |
same as #89 |
red ant (bites) (same as “Ant” generic?) |
unique |
|
|
|
perhaps same root as Miss paTa:ka- |
|
|
|
other complex |
-y nominalizer |
|
|
|
Merriam 57:403 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Plains Miwok |
Solenopsis spp |
wete7te7 tisi:naj |
|
red ants |
unique |
|
|
|
C asks “loan translation”? |
|
|
|
phrase |
red ant |
|
|
|
Callaghan 1984 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Salinan A |
Solenopsis spp |
le-ká(:)t |
|
ant (Merriam: red ant (hairy) 55:381 |
unique |
|
Salinan |
|
|
|
|
|
underived |
could this be L- prefix? Turner 1987:118? |
|
|
|
Mason 1918:123; Turner 1983:234 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Salinan M |
Solenopsis spp |
ilkát |
|
ant (Merriam “red ant, hairy” 55:381 |
unique |
|
Salinan |
|
|
|
|
|
other complex |
l- probably prefix |
|
|
|
Mason 1918:123 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Seri (Comcaac) |
Solenopsis spp |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Serrano |
Solenopsis spp |
ar:nyr-ht |
|
red ant (CHM); KCH a large kind of ant |
inheritance |
*7alɨN- |
Uto-Aztecan |
|
S44 (Stubbs 2009:44) |
|
|
|
other complex |
-t NPN |
|
|
|
Merriam 60:111 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Southern Paiute |
Solenopsis spp |
tacɨavi |
|
Red ant (Merriam: “big kind”) |
inheritance |
*tasi'a |
Proto-Numic |
|
Stubbs 49 (2008:45) Centrland Southern Numic only |
|
|
narrower (a kind of red ant) |
other complex |
has -pi ABS |
|
|
|
Sapir 1930:671 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Southern Sierra Miwok |
Solenopsis spp |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Southern Ute |
Solenopsis spp |
?aká-tAsí?ą-vI |
|
red ant |
calque |
|
|
English |
red-ant; see remark on black ant |
|
|
same |
phrase |
red-ant-ABS |
|
|
|
Givon 1979 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Tübatulabal |
Solenopsis spp |
anünt |
ʔaˈnɨnt |
red ant, yellow ant |
inheritance |
*ʔalɨN- |
Uto-Aztecan |
|
S44 (Stubbs 2009:44) |
|
|
broader (includes yellow ants) |
other complex |
ʔaˈnɨn-t red.ant-npn |
|
|
|
Hill 2010:9 |
no info |
1 |
live ants wrapped in balls of eagle down swallowed for visions |
0 |
Voegelin 1938:12 |
1 |
live ants wrapped in balls of eagle down swallowed for ailments |
gathered (wild) |
men |
see notes |
0 |
“the effect produced when the ants bit the lining of the stomach was similar to that produced by drinking jimsonweed” (Voegelin 1938:5) |
0 |
|
Americas |
Diverse habitats |
no |
|
|
|
| Tümpisa Shoshone |
Solenopsis spp |
tongkwaapi |
|
red ant |
inheritance |
*toni- |
Proto-Uto-Aztecan |
|
Goes with Stubbs SUA 46 *totoni, and with “sting” |
|
|
same |
other complex |
tong-kwaa-pi sting-?-CL |
pi |
|
|
Dayley 1989:294 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Wappo |
Solenopsis spp |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Washo |
Solenopsis spp |
7á:ni |
|
red ant “fuzzy and stings” |
loan |
|
|
Northern Paiute |
Northern Paiute anebe (/anɨbɨ/, PUA *anɨN |
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Merriam 55:313; WPD |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Western Mono |
Solenopsis spp |
tadaGo' |
|
red ants |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
same |
underived |
|
|
|
|
Bethel et al.:195 |
no info |
1 |
|
0 |
|
no info |
|
no info |
N/A |
no info |
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Wintu |
Solenopsis spp |
t'i:do:q |
|
ant, red ant |
inheritance |
*t'edVq |
Wintun |
|
Shepherd 2005 |
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Schlichter 1981 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Yavapai |
Solenopsis spp |
čmyúl |
|
red or fire ant |
inheritance |
|
Proto-Yuman |
|
Co. šmuyúły, Mo. Mo. chamaduuly |
|
|
|
unknown |
|
|
|
|
Shaterian 1983 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Yokuts Palewyami |
Solenopsis spp |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Yokuts Yawdanchi |
Solenopsis spp |
kakau |
|
large red ant used as counterirritant |
inheritance |
|
Nim-Yokuts |
|
Same in Merriam's Chukchansi, Gashowu lists |
|
|
same |
underived |
|
|
|
|
Kroeber 1961:220 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Yokuts Yowlumne |
Solenopsis spp |
k'e:ne:c' |
|
red ant (Merriam confirms “small red ant” 58:563); |
inheritance |
*k'e:nič' |
Nim-Yokuts |
|
Golla 1964:60 |
|
|
same |
other complex |
looks like the -ic' agentive suffix |
|
|
|
Newman 1944:191 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Yuki |
Solenopsis spp |
hun-tum she'-mah us'-sah MW |
|
red ant |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
phrase |
huntum shima is a black ant, us-sah red??? |
|
|
|
Sawyer & Schlichter 1984 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Yuma |
Solenopsis spp |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
