| Bankalachi Toloim |
Callipepla californica |
hoom-nool |
|
Valley quail (Callipepla californica) |
loan |
|
|
Yokuts |
Proto-NimYokuts *humn-ul (Golla 1964:64) |
WW |
%hum |
same |
underived |
|
|
|
|
C. H. Merriam 72-77, 60-455 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Big Smokey Valley Shoshone |
Callipepla californica |
kah-har'-rah, tah-kah'-gah (RM) |
|
Valley Quail (Lophortyx) |
inheritance |
*takkaka/kakkata |
Northern Uto-Aztecan |
|
Stubbs 1702 (2008:241); widespread arealism |
WW |
%kaka |
same |
underived |
ultimately onomatopoeia |
|
|
|
Merriam 61:41 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Cahuilla |
Callipepla californica |
qáxal |
ˈqaxal |
quail |
inheritance |
*kakaC- |
Uto-Aztecan |
|
S1702a (Stubbs 2009:241) |
WW |
%kaka |
same |
other complex |
qaxa-l root-non.possessed.noun (root may be sound imitative ultimately) |
-7aʃ “pet” |
Possessive classifier -7aʃ |
wikikmal |
Seiler&Hioki 1979:169 |
no info |
2 |
|
1 |
yum yum |
no info |
|
hunted |
All |
roasted, stewed, eggs eaten |
0 |
|
0 |
|
Far west North America to British Columbia |
open woodlands, chaparral |
no |
|
|
|
| Central Sierra Miwok |
Callipepla californica |
hék:e:ke- |
|
valley quail |
inheritance |
|
Utian |
|
In all Mis; Perhaps Utian, see Mutsun heksen |
|
|
|
reduplicated |
|
|
|
|
Freeland & Broadbent 1960 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Chemehuevi |
Callipepla californica |
kah-kah'-rah; kah-kahr' |
ka'karA |
Valley quail (Lophortyx) |
inheritance |
|
|
|
NUA, but such forms very common in California |
WW |
%kaka |
same |
underived |
probably sound imitative in origin |
|
|
|
Merriam 59:527 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Chumash Barbareno |
Callipepla californica |
takak |
|
valley quail |
loan into protolanguage |
*takaka |
Proto-Chumash |
Takic |
Klar 1977:105, but a widespread arealism, may be a loan |
WW |
%kaka |
|
reduplicated |
|
|
|
|
Beeler 1978:185 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Chumash Ineseno |
Callipepla californica |
takak |
|
quail |
loan into protolanguage |
*takaka |
Proto-Chumash |
Takic |
Klar 1977:105, but a widespread arealism, perhaps a loan |
WW |
%kaka |
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Applegate 194; |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Chumash Obispeno |
Callipepla californica |
takaka |
|
quail |
loan into protolanguage |
*takaka |
Proto-Chumash |
Takic |
Klar 1977:105; a widespread arealism, probably a loan |
WW |
%kaka |
|
reduplicated |
|
|
|
|
Klar 1977:105 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Chumash Ventureno |
Callipepla californica |
tah-kah'-ka |
|
Valley quail |
loan into protolanguage |
*takaka |
Proto-Chumash |
Takic |
Klar 1977;105; perhaps a loan, a widespread arealism |
WW |
%kaka |
|
reduplicated |
|
|
|
|
Merriam 55:41 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Cocopa |
Callipepla californica |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Comanche |
Callipepla californica |
tɨe kuyúutsi |
|
partridge, quail (small) |
inheritance |
*kuyu(...) |
Northern Uto-Aztecan |
|
Stubbs 2358 (2008;316), “turkey”, perhaps a loan into Numic from Hopi??? But pretty good corresp. |
|
|
broader (includes partridge??) |
phrase |
small quail |
|
|
|
Robinson & Armagost 1990:163 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Cupeño |
Callipepla californica |
kaxal |
kaˈxal |
valley quail |
inheritance |
*kakaC- |
Uto-Aztecan |
|
S1702a (Stubbs 2009:241); 1702b is a different word, a Californianism. Proto-form does not include augmentative suffix |
WW |
%kaka |
same |
other complex |
kaˈxa-l valley.quail-npn |
-ʔaʃ "pet" |
possessive classifier for animals |
mukikmal |
Hill & Nolasquez 1973:158 |
no info |
2 |
|
1 |
|
no info |
|
hunted |
men |
roasted, stewed, eggs eaten |
0 |
|
0 |
|
Far west North America to British Columbia |
open woodlands, chaparral |
no |
|
|
|
| Esselen |
Callipepla californica |
kumul |
|
quail |
loan |
|
|
Yokuts |
Yokutsan *humn-ul |
WW |
%hum |
|
other complex |
-l classifier |
-l |
|
|
Shaul 1995:227 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Gabrielino |
Callipepla californica |
kaka:r |
kaˈka:r |
codorniz |
inheritance |
*kakaC- |
Uto-Aztecan |
|
S1702a (Stubbs 2009:241); 1702b is a different word, a Californianism. |
WW |
%kaka |
same |
other complex |
kaˈka:-r quail-npn (root is sound-imitative) |
-ʔaʧ “pet” |
possessive classifier for animals |
chi:ya |
Harrington 605 |
no info |
2 |
quail topknots for wands; cut hair in mourning for Creator |
1 |
all birds eaten (McC 116) |
no info |
|
hunted |
men |
roasted |
0 |
|
0 |
|
Far west North America to British Columbia |
open woodlands, chaparral |
no |
|
|
|
| Iipay 'Aa |
Callipepla californica |
ɂaahmaa |
|
quail |
inheritance |
|
Proto-Yuman |
|
Langdon 1976:871 Metath |
|
|
same |
underived |
|
|
|
|
Couro & Hutcheson 1973 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Kawaiisu |
Callipepla californica |
taara |
|
quail |
inheritance |
|
Southern Numic only |
|
means “Mountain Quail” in Chemehuevi, may be a loan from tata(ka) out of California |
|
|
same |
underived |
|
|
|
|
Zigmond et al. |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Kiliwa |
Callipepla californica |
xma?=pi-y-l+t-kw+yaq |
|
Gambel's quail (Lophortyx gamblei, lit wilderness hen |
inheritance |
|
Proto-Yuman |
|
Langdon 1976:871 Metath |
|
|
same |
relative clause |
xma? “poultry, hen”, pi-y “wilderness” kw-yaq REL-lies.on; xma? is the “quail” cognate, so this is marking reversal |
|
|
|
Mixco 1985 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Kitanemuk |
Callipepla californica |
kakač |
ˈkakaʧr |
quail |
inheritance |
*kacaC- |
Uto-Aztecan |
|
S1702a (Stubbs 2009:241); 1702b is a different word, a Californianism. |
WW |
%kaka |
same |
other complex |
ˈkaka-ʧr quail-npn |
-ʔacit "pet" |
possessive classifier for animals |
wicitat |
Anderton 1988:340 |
no info |
2 |
topknots decorate ritual regalia |
1 |
|
no info |
|
hunted |
men |
roasted, boiled, eggs eaten |
0 |
|
0 |
|
Far west North America to British Columbia |
open woodlands, chaparral |
no |
|
|
|
| Lake Miwok |
Callipepla californica |
cokóoko |
|
quail (same word is in “blue grouse”) |
unique |
|
|
|
Note Mib $okkóttok “quail?” (Bodega Dic p. 67) |
|
|
|
reduplicated |
|
|
|
|
Callaghan 1965 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Luiseño |
Callipepla californica |
qaxáal |
qaʹxa:l |
Southern valley quail |
inheritance |
*kakaC- |
Uto-Aztecan |
|
S1702a (Stubbs 2009:241); 1702b is a different word, a Californianism. |
WW |
%kaka |
same |
other complex |
qaʹxa:-l quail-non.possessed.noun |
-ʔaʃ "pet" |
possessive classifier; NPN form of noun is ʔaʃla |
7ehéngmal |
Elliott 1999: 798 |
no info |
2 |
couplet qaxáal, qaxáawut; cut their hair in mourning for Wuyot (Harrington 1978:121) |
1 |
abundant (Sparkman 1908:199); eggs eaten (ibid) |
no info |
|
hunted |
men |
broiling on coals (Sparkman 1908:199) |
0 |
|
0 |
|
Far west North America to B.C. |
open woodlands, chaparral |
no |
|
|
|
| Maidu |
Callipepla californica |
soo-soo |
|
Valley quail (not here; is lower down CHM) |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
reduplicated |
|
|
|
|
Merriam 57:41 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Mojave |
Callipepla californica |
ɂahma |
|
quail |
inheritance |
|
Proto-Yuman |
|
Langdon 1976:871 Metath; Yuma 7axma/ Halpern 1;30 |
|
|
|
unknown |
|
|
|
|
Munro et al.1992 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Mutsun |
Callipepla californica |
heksen |
|
quail (Merriam confirms valley quail Merriam 55:409) |
inheritance |
*hek... |
Utian |
|
hek:e:ke- in all Mis, perhaps Utian? |
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Okrand 1977:146 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Nisenan |
Callipepla californica |
hanpaj |
|
quail |
unique |
|
|
|
includes “pigeon” element han- |
|
|
|
compound |
han- pigeon, dove -paj foot, track |
|
|
|
Uldall & Shipley 1966 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Northern Paiute |
Callipepla californica |
sekege'e |
|
quail (M: Valley quail (Lophortyx) |
unique |
|
|
|
almost certainly a loan, find source, might be Sierra Miwok *heke form?? |
|
|
same |
underived |
|
|
|
|
Merriam 61:139 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Northern Sierra Miwok |
Callipepla californica |
hek:ek:e- |
|
California quail |
inheritance |
|
Utian |
|
In all Mis and see Mutsun heksen |
|
|
|
reduplicated |
|
|
|
|
Callaghan 1987 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Plains Miwok |
Callipepla californica |
nyk:y:te- |
|
valley quail |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Callaghan 1984 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Salinan A |
Callipepla californica |
hómlek |
|
quail (Merriam 55:371 confirms valley quail) |
loan |
|
|
Yokuts? |
not in M; Yokutsan *humn-ul |
WW |
%hum |
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Mason 1918:126; Turner 1980:81 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Salinan M |
Callipepla californica |
smaté:xan; |
|
quail (Merriam confirms valley quail) |
unique |
|
Salinan M only |
|
not in A |
|
|
|
other complex |
s- animal prefix |
|
|
|
Mason 1918:124 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Seri (Comcaac) |
Callipepla californica |
hamoj |
|
Gambel's quail, Callipepla gambelii |
unique |
|
|
|
Note Yuman ɂhmá (Yavapai), ɂahmaá ('Iipay Aa) -- a connection??? Perhaps an old arealism? |
|
|
same |
underived |
|
|
|
|
Comcaac Dictionary 203 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Serrano |
Callipepla californica |
kaka:ta7 |
|
quail (CHM confirms valley quail) |
inheritance |
*kacaC |
Uto-Aztecan |
|
Stubbs 1702a |
WW |
%kaka |
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
KCHill ms 2001:22 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Southern Paiute |
Callipepla californica |
qaqara |
|
Quail (Merriam: Gambel Quail) |
loan |
|
|
unknown |
wide-spread Californian form |
WW |
%kaka |
same |
underived |
|
|
|
|
Sapir 1930:633 confirmed in Merriam's Kai-va-vit 61:359 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Southern Sierra Miwok |
Callipepla californica |
hek:e:ke-, |
|
California quail |
inheritance |
|
Utian |
|
In all Mis; Perhaps Utian, see Mutsun heksen |
|
|
|
reduplicated |
|
|
|
|
Broadbent 1964: |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Southern Ute |
Callipepla californica |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Tübatulabal |
Callipepla californica |
takkāh |
taˈkah |
California quail, Valley quail, Callipepla californica |
loan |
|
|
no information |
A very widespread Californianism, showing up only in Tubatulabal in Californian; all others have expected *kakaC |
WW |
%kaka |
same |
underived |
taˈkah (ultimately sound-imitative) |
|
|
chikkīt |
Hill 2010:83 |
no info |
2 |
topknots in feather wand carried at burning |
1 |
|
no info |
|
hunted |
men |
roasted on coals, bones ground (some consultants denied Tub. ate eggs before Whites) |
0 |
|
0 |
|
Far west North America to British Columbia |
open woodlands, chaparral |
no |
|
|
|
| Tümpisa Shoshone |
Callipepla californica |
kakkaatattsi, takkaakattsi |
|
valley quail |
inheritance |
*takkaka/kakkata |
Proto-Northern Uto-Aztecan |
|
Possibly also Tepiman kakaicu, but this is loaned around in California: Stubbs 1702 (2008:241) |
WW |
%kaka |
same |
other complex |
kakkaata-ttsi quail-DIM |
|
|
|
Dayley 1989:42 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Wappo |
Callipepla californica |
pípi |
|
quail |
unique |
|
|
|
Note Wintu pʰites from *pHit “feathers”,Yokutsan *T'iphith “mountain quail”, but more likely sound-imitative |
|
|
|
reduplicated |
|
|
|
|
Sawyer 1965 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Washo |
Callipepla californica |
t'é:t'ɨl |
|
Valley quail |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Merriam 55:303; WPD |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Western Mono |
Callipepla californica |
humunuwa' |
|
valley quail (local term for California quail) (Callipepla californica) |
loan |
|
|
Yokuts |
Proto-NimYokuts *humnul “Valley quail” (Golla 1964:64) |
WW |
%hum |
same |
underived |
|
|
|
tsiipa “bird” |
Bethel et al.:34 |
no info |
2 |
|
1 |
everybody ate Gayton 2:224 |
no info |
|
hunted |
men |
no info |
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Wintu |
Callipepla californica |
pʰites |
|
valley quail (CHM confirms 56:7) |
inheritance |
*pHit “feathers” |
Wintun |
|
Shepherd 2005; Golla 1997:163 relates to Alsea plu:h “feather, hear” and Wintu phil-e “cut hair”; reference is to quail topknot. Note Yokutsan *T'iphith “mountain quail” |
|
|
|
relative clause |
pʰit “feathers” (feathered one, one with topknot) |
|
|
|
Schlichter 1981 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Yavapai |
Callipepla californica |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Yokuts Palewyami |
Callipepla californica |
Tepid |
|
mountain quail |
inheritance |
*T'iphith |
Yokutsan |
|
Golla 1964:64 |
|
|
same |
underived |
|
|
|
|
Kroeber 1961:203 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Yokuts Yawdanchi |
Callipepla californica |
hummud |
|
quail (Merriam confirms Valley quail, Callipepla 58:363) |
inheritance |
*humn-ul |
Yokutsan |
|
Golla 1964:64 |
WW |
%hum |
same |
underived |
|
|
|
|
Kroeber 1961:203 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Yokuts Yowlumne |
Callipepla californica |
humnul |
|
quail (Merriam confirms) |
inheritance |
*humn-ul |
Yokutsan |
|
Golla 1964:64 |
WW |
%hum |
same |
other complex |
-ul is separated by Golla, I have no idea why |
|
|
|
Kroeber 1961:203 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Yuki |
Callipepla californica |
Tu:liš A, F |
|
quail |
inheritance |
*tulihš |
Yukian |
|
Schlichter 1985 |
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Sawyer & Schlichter 1984 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Yuma |
Callipepla californica |
?axmá |
|
Valley quail (Lophortyx) |
inheritance |
|
Proto-Yuman |
|
Langdon 1976:871 Metath |
|
|
|
unknown |
|
|
|
|
Merriam 61:455, Halpern 1:30 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
