| Bankalachi Toloim |
Pituophis catenifer |
ko-trŏ'-nitch |
|
Gopher or bull snake |
loan |
|
|
Yokuts |
Wikchamni hawt'-trŭ-mut; ho'-trung-ut; Yowlumne kaw-trah'-nitch |
|
|
same |
underived |
|
|
|
|
C. H. Merriam 72-79, 60-463 |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Big Smokey Valley Shoshone |
Pituophis catenifer |
kokon (Duckwater: kokkon) |
|
bullsnake (M:Gopher or bull snake (Pityophis) |
inheritance |
*koNwa |
Uto-Aztecan |
|
Stubbs 2009 (2008:279) |
|
|
same |
underived |
|
|
|
|
Crapo 1976:114 |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Cahuilla |
Pituophis catenifer |
po'-kow-wit 72-11, or -wut 60-173 |
??, but note Luiseno pikawut “snake species”, should yield Ca. pikawet, but Merriam is consistent about po-. |
Gopher snake, bull snake (Pityophus) |
inheritance |
*paxa-wɨ-ta |
Cupan plus Gabrielino |
|
This cannot be S2013 (Stubbs 2009:280), because that yields Cahuilla /paxa/, not /paka/. Something of a mystery. |
|
|
same |
derived |
has augmentative suffix -wet. po-ka is NOT /paxa/ “red racer” |
-7aʃ "pet" |
possessive classifier -7aʃ (probably) |
sewet (Bean 1972:61) |
http://www.archive.org/stream/bancroft_chartmerriam_1556_60#page/n155/mode/2up; p. 173 |
no info |
2 |
Moon gaves snakes their colors; they are her paintings (Seiler 1970:44) |
2 |
|
no info |
|
hunted |
All |
roasted or boiled |
0 |
|
0 |
|
Southern Canada to Mexico |
“A habitat generalist” http://www.desertmuseum.org/books/nhsd_gopher_snake.php |
no |
|
|
|
| Central Sierra Miwok |
Pituophis catenifer |
ló:paT:i |
|
gopher snake |
inheritance |
|
Sierra Miwokan only |
|
In Mins |
|
|
|
underived |
must be etymologically complex |
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Chemehuevi |
Pituophis catenifer |
kaw' |
kaawɨ (final voiceless) |
Gopher or bull snake (Pityo-his) |
inheritance |
*kowa |
Proto-Uto-Aztecan |
|
Stubbs 2009 *koNwa (2008:279); tis from *kowa-pɨ by regular rule in S. Numic |
|
|
same |
other complex |
has -pɨ ABS |
|
|
|
Merriam 59:535 |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Chumash Barbareno |
Pituophis catenifer |
pʃoʃ |
|
gopher snake |
inheritance |
*pSoSo |
Proto-Chumash |
|
Klar 1977:89 |
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Beeler 1978:182 |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Chumash Ineseno |
Pituophis catenifer |
p'shōsh' |
|
gopher or bull snake |
inheritance |
*pSoSo |
Proto-Chumash |
|
Klar 1977:89 |
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Merriam 55:17 |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Chumash Obispeno |
Pituophis catenifer |
c-psoso |
|
Gophersnake |
inheritance |
*pSoSo |
Proto-Chumash |
|
|
|
|
|
other complex |
c- |
|
|
|
Klar 1977:89 |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Chumash Ventureno |
Pituophis catenifer |
pʃoʃ |
|
bullsnake (V); gopher snake (B) |
inheritance |
*pSoSo |
Proto-Chumash |
|
Klar 1977:89 |
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Mamet 2008:18 |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Cocopa |
Pituophis catenifer |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Comanche |
Pituophis catenifer |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Cupeño |
Pituophis catenifer |
pō'-kow'-wit |
??, but note Luiseno pikawut “snake species”, should yield Ca. pikawet, but Merriam is consistent about po-. Perhaps pukawet? |
Gopher or bull snake |
inheritance |
*piCka-wɨ |
Cupan |
|
Cannot be S2013 (Stubbs 2009:280) which yields paxa, not paka |
|
|
same |
derived |
puka-wə-t snake.sp-augmentative-npn |
-ʔaʃ "pet" |
possessive classifier for animals |
|
http://www.archive.org/stream/bancroft_chartmerriam_1556_60#page/n251/mode/2up, p. 267 |
no info |
2 |
|
2 |
|
no info |
|
no info |
no info |
no info |
0 |
|
0 |
|
Southern Canada to Mexico |
diverse habitats |
no |
|
|
|
| Esselen |
Pituophis catenifer |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Gabrielino |
Pituophis catenifer |
yŭ-ē't tah-hoor 72-79 , 60-429 |
ˈjo:ʔit ˈta:hur “big snake” |
Gopher Snake |
inheritance |
*tahu- |
Northern Uto-Aztecan |
|
Kitanemuk tahuchr; S2015 (Stubbs 2009:280) |
|
|
same |
phrase |
ˈjo:ʔi-t ˈta:hu-r big-npn snake-npn |
-ʔaʧ “pet |
possessive classifier for animals |
ta:hur |
http://www.archive.org/stream/bancroft_chartmerriam_1556_60#page/n415/mode/2up; p. 429 |
no info |
2 |
|
2 |
McC p. 116 |
no info |
|
hunted |
all |
no info |
0 |
|
0 |
|
Southern Canada to Mexico |
Diverse habitats |
no |
|
|
|
| Iipay 'Aa |
Pituophis catenifer |
ɂewiiyaq |
|
gopher snake |
unique |
|
|
|
Contains Proto-Y “snake” |
|
|
same |
phrase |
ɂewii-yaq snake-lies? |
|
|
|
Couro & Hutcheson 1973 |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Kawaiisu |
Pituophis catenifer |
kogo |
|
gopher snake |
inheritance |
*koNwa |
Proto-Uto-Aztecan |
|
Stubbs 2009 (this development is Numic) |
|
|
same |
underived |
|
|
|
|
Zigmond et al. |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Kiliwa |
Pituophis catenifer |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Kitanemuk |
Pituophis catenifer |
tahuč |
ˈtahuʧr |
snake sp. (gopher snake?) |
inheritance |
*tahu- |
Northern Uto-Aztecan |
|
S2015 (Stubbs 2009:280) |
|
|
same |
other complex |
ˈtahu-ʧr snake-npn |
-ʔacit "pet" |
possessive classifier for animals |
hɨŋt |
Anderton 1988:511 |
no info |
2 |
|
2 |
|
no info |
|
no info |
no info |
no info |
0 |
|
0 |
|
Southern Canada to Mexico |
Diverse habitats |
no |
|
|
|
| Lake Miwok |
Pituophis catenifer |
7áşkajak |
|
gopher snake (Merriam confirms) |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
relative clause |
“one who gets angry under 7a$kaj |
|
|
|
Callaghan 1965 |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Luiseño |
Pituophis catenifer |
$ithí' |
şiʹδiɁ |
gopher snake |
unique |
|
|
|
perhaps a loan; I don't know source of /th/ in Lu. |
|
|
same |
underived |
no non.possessed.noun suffix |
-ʔaʃ "pet" |
possessive classifier; NPN form of noun is ʔaʃla |
píiqwala (?) |
Elliott 1999:860 |
no info |
2 |
|
2 |
|
no info |
|
no info |
no info |
no info |
0 |
|
0 |
|
Southern Canada to Mexico |
diverse habitats |
no |
|
|
|
| Maidu |
Pituophis catenifer |
yep-po'-nim hoos'-kum |
|
gopher or bull snake |
unique |
|
|
|
second element is probably same as “snake” word in 53 |
|
|
|
phrase |
X snake |
|
|
|
Merriam 57:49 |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Mojave |
Pituophis catenifer |
ɂave thii |
|
gopher snake |
inheritance |
|
Colorado River Yuman |
|
Contains P-Y snake word; note Yuma ah-vā-se' |
|
|
same |
phrase |
snake drink |
|
|
|
Munro et al.1992 |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Mutsun |
Pituophis catenifer |
ko:Tehwa |
|
big snake sp. (gopher or bull snake? Merriam confirms) |
inheritance |
|
Yok-Utian |
|
Cf. Pynim *xo:THongiTH (and *ko:langkHil “king snake”), Pmis *ho.tong-ja- Callaghan 1997:60 |
|
|
|
other complex |
-wa is "serpent" suffix O p. 142 |
|
|
|
Okrand 1977:142 |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Nisenan |
Pituophis catenifer |
ho:tot' |
|
bull snake |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
reduplicated |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Northern Paiute |
Pituophis catenifer |
tuuhaba |
bullsnake' (Y) |
bullsnake (M:Gopher or bull snake for form in “notes” with haba) |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
same |
phrase |
tuu- probably “black”; haba is some kind of “snake” word that I can't find any cognates for (based on Merriam's Walker Lake form, see notes) |
|
|
|
Merriam 61:147 |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Northern Sierra Miwok |
Pituophis catenifer |
lo:pa:Ti- |
|
gopher snake |
inheritance |
|
Sierra Miwokan only |
|
In Mics |
|
|
|
other complex |
-Ti |
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Plains Miwok |
Pituophis catenifer |
wak:a:li- |
|
gopher or bull snake (CHM cited in CC) |
inheritance |
|
Miwokan |
|
Bodega Dic says is Miwokan but has no reconstruction, and I find none in other sources |
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Callaghan 1984 |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Salinan A |
Pituophis catenifer |
shă-num'-kŭs |
|
Gopher or bull snake |
unique |
|
Salinan |
|
|
|
|
|
phrase |
probably phrasal but no hope of analysis |
|
|
|
Merriam 55:379 |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Salinan M |
Pituophis catenifer |
sha-num'-kul, shă-num'-kŭs |
|
gopher or bull snake |
unique |
|
Salinan |
|
|
|
|
|
other complex |
probably prhasal but translation impossible |
|
|
|
Merriam 55:377 |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Seri (Comcaac) |
Pituophis catenifer |
cocaznáacöl |
|
gopher snake |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
same |
phrase |
cocazni “viper” aacöi “grande” |
|
|
|
Comcaac Dictionary 197 |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Serrano |
Pituophis catenifer |
kuk-kort'R, kr'-krKT |
|
gopher or bull snake |
inheritance |
*koNwa- |
Uto-Aztecan |
|
S2009 (Stubbs 2008:279) |
|
|
|
other complex |
-t NPN |
|
|
|
Merriam 60-109 |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Southern Paiute |
Pituophis catenifer |
ogompɨtsI |
|
bull-snake (general term, apparently, for non-venomous snakes that resemble rattlesnakes but are without rattles) |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
broader (diverse large snakes) |
other complex |
has -pɨtsI ABS |
|
|
|
Sapir 1930:595 |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Southern Sierra Miwok |
Pituophis catenifer |
hik:a7-jaH- |
|
gopher snake |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
other complex |
-jaH theme |
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Southern Ute |
Pituophis catenifer |
qóxO |
|
bull-snake |
inheritance |
*koNwa |
Uto-Aztecan |
|
Stubbs 2009 (2008:279); this word for “bullsnake” is just Numic, though (T. Shoshone, Kawaiisu koko (loaned???) |
|
|
same |
underived |
|
|
|
|
Givon 1979 |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Tübatulabal |
Pituophis catenifer |
tüpappul |
tɨbaˈpul |
gopher snake |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
same |
derived |
tɨbaˈ-pu-l snake.sp-deriv.suffix-npn (tɨ-ba is probably rock-on historically |
|
|
tuhhatt |
Hill 2010:95 |
no info |
2 |
|
2 |
no reptiles eaten (Voegelin 1938:6) |
no info |
|
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
0 |
|
0 |
|
Southern Canada to Mexico |
Diverse habitats |
no |
|
|
|
| Tümpisa Shoshone |
Pituophis catenifer |
kokoppüh |
|
bull snake |
inheritance |
*koNwa |
Proto-Uto-Aztecan |
|
Stubbs 2009 (2008:279); this development is Numic |
|
|
same |
other complex |
koko-ppüh snake-CL |
ppüh |
|
|
Dayley 1989:59 |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Wappo |
Pituophis catenifer |
hána:koTa |
|
bullsnake (CHM confirms 52:577) |
inheritance |
|
Yukian-Wappo |
|
Yukian *hunk'an'; note Mutsun ko:Tehwa |
|
|
|
phrase |
elements unknown |
|
|
|
Sawyer 1965 |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Washo |
Pituophis catenifer |
7awahó:p'i |
|
gopher or bull snake |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
phrase |
elements unknown |
|
|
|
Merriam 55:311; WPD |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Western Mono |
Pituophis catenifer |
pasiGoqA |
|
gopher snake |
unique |
|
|
|
Note Sh pasinkokon “water snake”, pa- clearly water here, but may be “big” in bull snake. No clue what the *siN- is. There is a *sinawi southern form. -Goqa is the *koNwa snake word without the Numic to- |
|
|
same |
derived |
I think the pa- is visible to speakers, but the rest is probably unanalyzable except historically |
|
|
toGoqa “snake” |
Bethel et al.:130 |
no info |
2 |
|
2 |
|
no info |
|
no info |
no info |
no info |
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Wintu |
Pituophis catenifer |
moroqp'eh |
|
bullsnake (CHM confirms) |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
relative clause |
moroq “to move, quiver” is a Wintun cognate |
|
|
|
Pitkin 1985 |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Yavapai |
Pituophis catenifer |
hàtᶏmā·la |
a squiggle is a subdot |
gopher snake |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
unknown |
|
|
|
|
Shaterian 1983 |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Yokuts Palewyami |
Pituophis catenifer |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Yokuts Yawdanchi |
Pituophis catenifer |
hû'cudètc |
|
gopher snake |
inheritance |
*xo:ThongiTh (?) |
Nim-Yokuts |
|
Callaghan 1937:60, compare Pmis ho.tang-ja:; I think the Yawd form here is a cognate |
|
|
same |
other complex |
huc-udetch “hoosh-sayer” K 1907:234 |
|
|
|
Kroeber 1961:212 (241) |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Yokuts Yowlumne |
Pituophis catenifer |
koTònot, go:Tonit |
|
gopher snake |
inheritance |
*xo:ThongiTh (?) |
Nim-Yokuts |
|
Callaghan 1937:60, compare Pmis ho:tang-la: |
|
|
same |
underived |
probably complex but unanalyzable given available materials |
|
|
|
Kroeber 1961:212 |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Yuki |
Pituophis catenifer |
ol-lool' MWO (p. 97), a:lula' LF |
|
bull snake, gopher snake |
inheritance |
*ollul |
Yukian |
|
Schlichter 1985; *7ol-lul (tree fat) also Yukian; Wappo hána:koTa “bullsnake” |
|
|
|
compound |
tree-fat; LF form has animate -a7 |
|
|
|
Sawyer & Schlichter 1984 |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Yuma |
Pituophis catenifer |
ah-vā-se' |
|
Gopher or bull snake (Pityophis) |
inheritance |
|
Colorado River Yuman only |
|
Note Mojave ɂave thii; so CR |
|
|
|
unknown |
|
|
|
|
Merriam 61:463 |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
