| Bankalachi Toloim |
Sphermophilus sp. |
po/-hot |
|
Gray ground squirrel (Spermophilus sp. (in pencil at 60-451: weasel?) |
loan |
|
|
Yokuts |
Yowlumne po'-hal; po'-hol; po-hahl; Wikchamni po-hōd'; bo'-had; po'-had; bo-hot (cognate so PNY) |
|
|
same |
underived |
|
|
|
|
C. H. Merriam, 72-77; 60-451 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Big Smokey Valley Shoshone |
Sphermophilus sp. |
tseep' (RV, pencil at RM with ??; tsippih duckwater 291 |
|
Gray ground squirrel (Citellus beecheyi group) |
inheritance |
*cippi |
Numic |
|
Stubbs 2098b (2008:289) |
|
|
same |
underived |
perhaps sound-imititive originally |
|
|
|
Merriam 61:69 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Cahuilla |
Sphermophilus sp. |
sísilʸ |
ˈsisiʎ |
chipmunk (see species notes) |
inheritance |
|
|
|
Proto-Takic *soso > Chumash ʃoʃo “chipmunk, flying squirrel” |
WW |
%sik |
unclear |
other complex |
sisi-ly |
-7aʃ "pet" |
animal is -7ash; the meat is with a meat classifier, usually -sex7a “cooked item” or -wa7 “roasted item” (Seiler 1977:304-5) |
|
Seiler & Hioki 1979:186 |
no info |
2 |
|
1 |
|
no info |
|
hunted |
Men |
boiled, roasted |
0 |
|
0 |
|
North America |
woodlands |
no |
|
|
|
| Central Sierra Miwok |
Sphermophilus sp. |
Tičá:šy- |
|
California ground squirrel |
inheritance |
|
Sierra Miwokan only |
|
Also in Miss as per Merriam |
|
|
|
other complex |
-y nominalizer |
|
|
|
Freeland & Broadbent 1960 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Chemehuevi |
Sphermophilus sp. |
sikútsI |
|
Gray ground squirrel (Citellus beecheyi group) |
loan into protolanguage |
*sika (wV) |
Proto-Northern Uto-Aztecan |
Gabrielino |
Stubbs 2094a; I think transparently unitable with his S. Numic *sikkuC (2008:288); an old loan |
WW |
%sik |
same |
other complex |
has -ci ABS |
|
|
|
Merriam 59:523 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Chumash Barbareno |
Sphermophilus sp. |
pistuk |
|
squirrel |
inheritance |
|
|
|
Also in Ventureno |
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Heizer/Pinart I:57 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Chumash Ineseno |
Sphermophilus sp. |
ʔemet' |
|
ground squirrel (Merriam 55:5 confirms Citellus beecheyi) |
inheritance |
*emet', em'et' |
Proto-Chumash |
|
Klar 1977:110 |
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Applegate 212 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Chumash Obispeno |
Sphermophilus sp. |
teme' |
|
ground squirrel |
inheritance |
*emet', em'et' |
Proto-Chumash |
|
Klar 1977:110 |
|
|
|
other complex |
t- |
|
|
|
Klar 1977;110 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Chumash Ventureno |
Sphermophilus sp. |
pistuk |
|
Gray ground squirrel, Citellus beecheyi group |
inheritance |
|
|
|
Also in Barbareno |
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Merriam 55:37; JPH III:91:0133 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Cocopa |
Sphermophilus sp. |
ci·š |
|
roundtail ground squirrel (Citellus tereticaudus) |
inheritance |
|
Proto-Yuman |
|
Mojave ɂatiis |
|
|
same |
underived |
|
|
|
|
Crawford 1989 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Comanche |
Sphermophilus sp. |
ewa kɨɨpi? |
|
ground squirrel |
inheritance |
*iNkwa |
Numic |
|
Stubbs 2099 (2008:289) |
|
|
same |
finite clause? |
ground.squirrel bite-er?? |
|
|
|
Robinson & Armagost 1990:161 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Cupeño |
Sphermophilus sp. |
qingish |
ˈqiŋiʃ |
squirrel |
inheritance |
*koŋi- |
Northern Uto-Aztecan |
|
S2092 (Stubbs 2009:288) |
|
|
same |
other complex |
ˈqiŋi-ʃ varmint-npn (see ethnobiological notes) |
-ʔaʃ "pet" |
possessive classifier for animals |
|
Hill & Nolasquez 1973:170 |
no info |
2 |
|
1 |
|
no info |
|
hunted |
men |
diverse preparations |
0 |
|
0 |
|
North America |
diverse habitats |
no |
|
|
|
| Esselen |
Sphermophilus sp. |
mexe, he:x |
|
ground squirrel |
loan |
|
|
Costanoan |
1986:699 notes (h)e:x in Costanoan; appears in all Costanoan in Kroeber, Pinart |
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Shaul 1995:227 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Gabrielino |
Sphermophilus sp. |
xo:ngit |
ˈxo:ŋit |
ardilla |
loan |
*koŋi- |
|
Serrano or Kitanemuk |
vowel is wrong, should have e: as in Luiseno. May just be Mrs. Rosenmyre slipping into the wrong language. |
|
|
same |
other complex |
ˈxo:ŋi-t ground.squirrel-npn |
-ʔaʧ "pet" |
possessive classifier for animals |
|
Harrington 543, 548, etc. |
no info |
2 |
|
1 |
McC p. 116 |
no info |
|
hunted |
men |
roasted, boiled, bones ground |
0 |
|
0 |
|
North America |
Diverse habitats |
no |
|
|
|
| Iipay 'Aa |
Sphermophilus sp. |
ɂehmaall |
|
ground squirrel; Merriam Gray ground squirrel, Citellus beecheyi group (55:201) |
inheritance |
|
Proto-Yuman |
|
Kiliwa xmaal |
|
|
same |
underived |
|
|
|
|
Couro & Hutcheson 1973 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Kawaiisu |
Sphermophilus sp. |
Ɂewu-ci |
|
ground squirrel |
inheritance |
*iCkwa/*iNkwa |
Proto-Numic |
|
Stubbs 2099 (2008:289) |
|
|
same |
other complex |
Ɂewu-ci ground. squirrel-ABS |
|
|
|
Zigmond et al. |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Kiliwa |
Sphermophilus sp. |
nway |
|
mexican ground squirrel (Spermophilus tridecemlineatus) |
inheritance |
|
Proto-Yuman |
|
probably related to MOUSE (Kiliwa waay; cf. Colorado River ?avee) |
|
|
same |
underived |
|
|
|
|
Mixco 1985 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Kitanemuk |
Sphermophilus sp. |
koŋit |
ˈkoŋit |
squirrel sp.: probably Nelson's Antelope Squirrel |
inheritance |
*koŋi- |
Northern Uto-Aztecan |
|
S2092 (Stubbs 2009:288) |
|
|
same |
other complex |
ˈkoŋi-t ground.squirrel-npn |
-ʔacit "pet" |
possessive classifier for animals |
|
Anderton 1988:361 |
no info |
2 |
|
1 |
|
no info |
|
hunted |
men |
roasted, boiled, bones ground, diverse preparations |
0 |
|
0 |
|
North America |
Diverse habitats |
no |
|
|
|
| Lake Miwok |
Sphermophilus sp. |
cíTe |
|
ground squirrel |
inheritance |
|
Pmiw only |
|
Bodega Dic ; Note Wappo cihma ?? |
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Callaghan 1965 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Luiseño |
Sphermophilus sp. |
qéengish |
ʹqe:ŋiʃ |
ground squirrel |
inheritance |
*koŋi- |
Northern Uto-Aztecan |
|
S2092 (Stubbs 2009:288) |
|
|
same |
other complex |
ʹqe:ŋi-ʃ ground.squirrel-non.possessed.noun |
|
|
|
Elliott 1999:804 |
This is the real name of the 'anooyam “Coyote” tribal group (today “King” JHH) |
2 |
|
1 |
|
no info |
|
hunted |
men |
broiling on coals (Sparkman 1908:199) |
0 |
|
0 |
|
North America |
diverse habitats |
no |
|
|
|
| Maidu |
Sphermophilus sp. |
hiló |
|
ground squirrel (CHM confirms Citellus beecheyi) |
inheritance |
|
Maiduan |
|
Ultan 1964:368 #332 no reconstruction proposed |
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Shipley 1963 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Mojave |
Sphermophilus sp. |
ɂatiis |
|
ground squirrel, gopher |
inheritance |
|
Proto-Yuman |
|
C. ci·š |
|
|
same |
underived |
|
|
|
|
Munro et al.1992 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Mutsun |
Sphermophilus sp. |
7e:h |
|
squirrel (Merriam confirms Gray Ground squirrel Merriam 55:405) |
inheritance |
|
Costanoan |
|
Shaul 1986:699 gives in all C; also Esselen he:x |
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Okrand 1977:333 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Nisenan |
Sphermophilus sp. |
hiləw |
|
ground squirrel |
inheritance |
|
Maiduan |
|
Ultan 1964:368 #332 no reconstruction proposed |
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Uldall & Shipley 1966 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Northern Paiute |
Sphermophilus sp. |
ō'dĕgoo'-bah; ō'-re-kŭ-bah |
|
Gray ground squirrel (Citellus beecheyi group) |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
unknown |
|
|
|
|
Merriam 61:135 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Northern Sierra Miwok |
Sphermophilus sp. |
7upuksu-, 7opuksu- |
|
ground squirrel (Merriam confirms gray ground squirrel 57:419 |
inheritance |
|
Eastern Miwokan |
|
This is a “critter” word -- also in this meaning in Miss, Mip |
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Callaghan 1987 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Plains Miwok |
Sphermophilus sp. |
7opuk, 7upuksu- |
|
ground squirrel |
inheritance |
|
Eastern Miwokan |
|
In Mins, Miss |
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Callaghan 1984 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Salinan A |
Sphermophilus sp. |
šomk'óm' |
|
squirrel (Merriam confirms Gray ground squirrel) |
unique |
|
Salinan |
|
|
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Mason 1918:125; Turner 1980:84 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Salinan M |
Sphermophilus sp. |
samkó'm |
|
squirrel (Merriam confirms Gray Ground squirrel 55:367) |
unique |
|
Salinan |
|
|
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Mason 1918:125 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Seri (Comcaac) |
Sphermophilus sp. |
ziix cozíp |
|
round-tailed ground squirrel (Sphermophilus tereticaudus |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
same |
relative clause |
cosa que besa |
|
|
|
Comcaac Dictionary 622 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Serrano |
Sphermophilus sp. |
kĕr'-rum; kŭr'-runt, kŭr-rumpt |
|
gray ground squirrel |
unique |
|
|
|
Could this be just 17 in CHM's interpretation? |
|
|
|
other complex |
-t NPN |
|
|
|
Merriam 72-27, 60-97 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Southern Paiute |
Sphermophilus sp. |
sikutsI |
|
Squirrel (Merriam: Gray ground squirrel (Citellus beecheyi group) |
loan into protolanguage |
*sika(wV) |
Proto-Northern Uto-Aztecan |
unknown |
Stubbs 2094a (2008:288), I think transparently unitable with these S. Numic forms |
WW |
%sik |
same |
other complex |
has -tsi ABS |
|
|
|
Sapir 1930:657 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Southern Sierra Miwok |
Sphermophilus sp. |
hac:i-c:Y-meH; TicaHn-, Yicik-Hna-, Ticici-, wuje-t-7ucaH; 7upuksi- |
|
ground squirrel (Merriam has te-chah'-sŏ 57:551) |
inheritance |
|
Eastern Miwokan |
|
Merriam form also in Mics; 7up form also in Mins, Mip |
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Broadbent 1964: |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Southern Ute |
Sphermophilus sp. |
?akwísi-kų-cI |
|
squirrel |
inheritance |
*sika(wV) |
Northern Uto-Aztecan |
|
Stubbs 2094a (2008:288), I think transparently unitable with southern Numic siku |
|
|
same |
phrase |
chipmunk-squirrel-abs. Givon's segmentation is wrong as shown by etymology, should be ?akwí-sikų-cI |
|
|
|
Givon 1979 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Tübatulabal |
Sphermophilus sp. |
tsawānünt |
ʦawa:ˈnɨnt |
Gray squirrel, Scurius griseus |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
same |
other complex |
ʦawa:ˈnɨn-t ground.squirrel-npn (root may have derivation) |
|
|
|
Hill 2010:90 |
no info |
2 |
|
1 |
|
no info |
|
hunted |
men |
roasted on coals, bones ground |
0 |
|
0 |
|
North America |
Diverse habitats |
no |
|
|
|
| Tümpisa Shoshone |
Sphermophilus sp. |
engwü |
|
squirrel sp.(with long fluffy tail and white neck) (word matches Merriam's Spermophilus form) |
inheritance |
*iCkwa/*iNkwa |
Proto-Numic |
|
Stubbs 2099 (2008:289) |
|
|
same |
underived |
|
|
|
|
Dayley 1989:13 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Wappo |
Sphermophilus sp. |
cíhma |
|
squirrel, ground squirrel (CHM confirms 52:565) |
loan |
|
|
Pomo |
Pn čimát' “tree squirrel”; Pomo *ku:maT' “squirrel” McLendon 1973:92 |
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Sawyer 1965 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Washo |
Sphermophilus sp. |
bá:sat |
|
gray ground squirrel (red squirrel in WPD) |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Merriam 55:299; WPD |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Western Mono |
Sphermophilus sp. |
Ek'-wah, ek'-wă; ekwɨ |
voiceless final |
Gray ground squirrel (Citellus beecheyi group) (Merriam), (golden-mantled) ground squirrel (Spermophilus lateralis) Bethel |
inheritance |
*iCkwa/*iNkwa |
Proto-Numic |
|
Stubbs 2099 (2008:289) |
|
|
same |
underived |
|
|
|
|
Merriam 59:69; Bethel et al. 19 |
no info |
2 |
|
1 |
|
no info |
|
hunted |
men |
no info |
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Wintu |
Sphermophilus sp. |
Lat |
|
ground squirrel (CHM confirms at 56:67 in “Ono wintu, Wintu proper”) |
inheritance |
*L'et |
Wintun |
|
Shepherd 2005 |
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Pitkin 1985 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Yavapai |
Sphermophilus sp. |
hmílta |
|
Harris ground squirrel |
unique |
|
|
|
Probably chipmunk -big |
|
|
|
unknown |
|
|
|
|
Shaterian 1983 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Yokuts Palewyami |
Sphermophilus sp. |
šaxtʱil |
|
squirrel; ground squirrel in Kroeber 1961:200 |
loan into protolanguage |
*şixthil/*şixi:thal |
Yokutsan |
Yok-Utian |
Callaghan 1937:38, compare Pmiw *čiTe, and similar costanoan forms in sich, chich |
WW |
%sik |
same |
underived |
|
|
|
|
Gamble 1991 (from Harrington) |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Yokuts Yawdanchi |
Sphermophilus sp. |
bohad |
|
ground squirrel (Merriam confirms 58:359) |
inheritance |
|
Nim-Yokuts |
|
Yawd, Wik, also Yawl in my data |
|
|
same |
underived |
|
|
|
|
Kroeber 1961:200 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Yokuts Yowlumne |
Sphermophilus sp. |
şitxil |
|
ground squirrel (Merriam confirms po:hal Citellus beecheyi group Gray ground squirrel |
loan into protolanguage |
*şixthil/*şixi:thal |
Yokutsan |
|
Callagan 1997:38 compare Pmiw *čiTe, and similar costanoan forms in sich, chich |
WW |
%sik |
same |
underived |
|
|
|
|
Kroeber 1961:200 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Yuki |
Sphermophilus sp. |
šišąl' F |
|
gray ground squirrel (CHM confirms) |
loan |
*šiš, *šiša |
Yukian |
unknown |
Schlichter 1985 |
WW |
%sik |
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Sawyer & Schlichter 1984 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Yuma |
Sphermophilus sp. |
ă-tees' |
|
Ground squirrel (Citellus tereticauda) |
inheritance |
|
Proto-Yuman |
|
C. ci·š |
|
|
|
unknown |
|
|
|
|
Merriam 61:451 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
