Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

salmon/steelhead

Semantic Field
flora-fauna
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
Meaning Portuguese

Languages

Language Linnean Name Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Etymology Notes Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Range of Term Word Structure Word Structure Notes Classifier Classifier Notes Hypernym Source Association with Social Categories Ritual/Mythologically Significant Ritual Notes Food Source Food Notes Medicinal Medicinal Notes How Collected Who Collects How Prepared Psychotropic Psychotropic Notes Traded Trade Notes Distribution Habitat Dangerous Ethnobiology Notes Species Notes General Notes
Bankalachi Toloim Oncorhynchus mykiss missing missing missing 2 1 0 0 0 no
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone Oncorhynchus mykiss akai fish (M:Salmon trout (big trout); “Salmon” at Duckwater inheritance *akai Numic Stubbs 868 (2008:148) same underived Crapo 1976:132 2 1 0 0 0 no
Cahuilla Oncorhynchus mykiss missing missing missing 2 1 0 0 0 no
Central Sierra Miwok Oncorhynchus mykiss kó:somu- salmon inheritance Miwokan Must go with Pmiw *kas:i, *ka:si (Callaghan 1997:42) other complex -mu or -u Freeland & Broadbent 1960 2 1 0 0 0 no
Chemehuevi Oncorhynchus mykiss missing missing missing 2 1 0 0 0 no
Chumash Barbareno Oncorhynchus mykiss kowoʧ salmon inheritance Central Chumash only also in Ineseno underived Beeler 1978:178 2 1 0 0 0 no
Chumash Ineseno Oncorhynchus mykiss ah-ko-wutch'; lap (Pinart) salmon unique Central Chumash only lap may be Yokutsan loan WW %lvp other complex 7al- Merriam 55:17 2 1 0 0 0 no
Chumash Obispeno Oncorhynchus mykiss missing missing missing 2 1 0 0 0 no
Chumash Ventureno Oncorhynchus mykiss lap (2), poiok (3) salmon inheritance Central Chumash only Ineseno has lap; what about Yokuts lopit? WW %lvp underived Heizer/Pinart I:60, 61 2 1 0 0 0 no
Cocopa Oncorhynchus mykiss missing missing missing 2 1 0 0 0 no
Comanche Oncorhynchus mykiss missing missing missing 2 1 0 0 0 no
Cupeño Oncorhynchus mykiss missing missing missing 2 1 0 0 0 no
Esselen Oncorhynchus mykiss kilíwa (Henshaw; Pinart keleuai), kilínai salmon unique Esselen underived -wa is a plural on demonstratives in Shaul 1995 but apparently not on nouns Shaul 1995:227 2 1 0 0 0 no
Gabrielino Oncorhynchus mykiss missing missing missing 2 1 0 0 0 no
Iipay 'Aa Oncorhynchus mykiss mo-weelk' salmon loan Yok-Utian Yuma mo-we'-ulk; loan direction unknown same underived a wild guess Merriam 55:181 2 1 0 0 0 no
Kawaiisu Oncorhynchus mykiss missing missing missing 2 1 0 0 0 no
Kiliwa Oncorhynchus mykiss missing missing missing 2 1 0 0 0 no
Kitanemuk Oncorhynchus mykiss kihuč ˈkihuʧr fish (word appears in compound “salmon-spear”) inheritance *kɨcuC Uto-Aztecan S864 (Stubbs 2009;147) broader (word is generic for “fish”) other complex ˈkihu-ʧr fish-npn -ʔacit "pet" possessive classifier for animals no info 2 1 no info hunted men fish spears, poison. No info on preparatin. 0 0 West coast North America to roughly San Diego anadromous; rivers with coastal outlets no
Lake Miwok Oncorhynchus mykiss káşşi salmon inheritance Miwokan but with difficulties: Pmiw *kas:i, *ka:si; surely has something to do with Pmis *ko:sum (Callaghan 1997:42) underived Callaghan 1965 2 1 0 0 0 no
Luiseño Oncorhynchus mykiss sélwamal ˈselwamal trout unique note S869 *so ... “kind of fish” (Stubbs 2009:148) same derived ˈselwa-ma-l fish.sp-diminutive-non.possessed.noun -ʔaʃ "pet" possessive classifier; NPN form of noun is ʔaʃla Elliott 1999 1803 no info 2 1 interior Lu. used this fish no info hunted men taken by poisoning water, broiled, etc. 0 0 Entire Pacific Coast of US (NOAA website) anadromous, runs in coastal streams no
Maidu Oncorhynchus mykiss májhi, mahí salmon inheritance *maj-(hi) Maiduan Ultan 1964:364 #158 underived Shipley 1963 2 1 0 0 0 no
Mojave Oncorhynchus mykiss ɂachii ɂahan salmon, earwig insect unique same phrase fish right(direction)/good Munro et al.1992 2 1 0 0 0 no
Mutsun Oncorhynchus mykiss uraka salmon (Merriam confirms Merriam 55:417, hears hoo”-rah-ka) inheritance *(h)u:raka Costanoan Callaghan 2001:333 underived Mason 1916:427 2 1 0 0 0 no
Nisenan Oncorhynchus mykiss maj salmon (CHM confirms) inheritance *maj-(hi) Maiduan Ultan 1964: 364 # 158 underived Uldall & Shipley 1966 2 1 0 0 0 no
Northern Paiute Oncorhynchus mykiss agi Trout (Y), salmon (Burns: Thornes 2003:112) inheritance *akai Numic Stubbs 868 (2008:148), western and central numic only same underived Yerington Dictionary 2 1 0 0 0 no
Northern Sierra Miwok Oncorhynchus mykiss Tuku:n-u- salmon inheritance Eastern Miwokan In Mip other complex -u nominalizer Callaghan 1987 2 1 0 0 0 no
Plains Miwok Oncorhynchus mykiss tukun salmon inheritance Eastern Miwokan In Mins underived Callaghan 1984 2 1 0 0 0 no
Salinan A Oncorhynchus mykiss Teteyá:w salmon unique Salinan other complex t- (articular prefix) on vowel-initial stem, probablyl Turner 1987 says should be /T/ Mason 1918:125; Turner 1980:82 2 1 0 0 0 no
Salinan M Oncorhynchus mykiss T<etēyau salmon unique underived 2 1 0 0 0 no
Seri (Comcaac) Oncorhynchus mykiss missing missing missing 2 1 0 0 0 no
Serrano Oncorhynchus mykiss missing missing missing 2 1 0 0 0 no
Southern Paiute Oncorhynchus mykiss missing missing missing 2 1 0 0 0 no
Southern Sierra Miwok Oncorhynchus mykiss ko:sum- salmon inheritance Miwokan Pmis *ko:sum must be related to Pmiw *kas:i, *ka:si; Callaghan 1997:42 underived Broadbent 1964: 2 1 0 0 0 no
Southern Ute Oncorhynchus mykiss missing missing missing 2 1 0 0 0 no
Tübatulabal Oncorhynchus mykiss ha”yahl haʔayahl trout unique same other complex haʔayah-l trout-npn Hill 2010:22 no info 2 1 no info hunted all used fish traps (men), poison (everybody), diverse preparations, mainly roasting on coals 0 0 West coast North America to roughly San Diego anadromous; rivers with coastal outlets no
Tümpisa Shoshone Oncorhynchus mykiss missing missing missing 2 1 0 0 0 no
Wappo Oncorhynchus mykiss melkháw salmon (CHM confirms 52:579) unique phrase -haw is probably the "fish" word, what is melk? Sawyer 1965 2 1 0 0 0 no
Washo Oncorhynchus mykiss missing missing missing 2 1 0 0 0 no
Western Mono Oncorhynchus mykiss aaGai salmon inheritance *akai Western + Central Numic Stubbs 868 (2008:148) same underived pakwi “fish” Bethel et al.:1 no info 2 1 no info fished all no info 0 0 no
Wintu Oncorhynchus mykiss nur salmon, fish inheritance *nur Wintun Shepherd 2005; Golla 1997:163 relates to Alsea nu:ns' “to eat”, “elk (meat)”, probably from nu:-nu:s- (no:p “deer”, “meat” in Patwin, may be related) underived nur ... Schlichter 1981 2 1 0 0 0 no
Yavapai Oncorhynchus mykiss missing missing missing 2 1 0 0 0 no
Yokuts Palewyami Oncorhynchus mykiss ɂi·peş salmon (Merriam's “big steelhead salmon”) Kroeber's “lake trout” inheritance Yokutsan nearly universal in Kroeber same underived Gamble 1991 (from Harrington) 2 1 0 0 0 no
Yokuts Yawdanchi Oncorhynchus mykiss èpic lake trout (Merriam says is Steelhead Salmon); Merriam has ki'-ye-hrit for “salmon” in Wik: 58:371 inheritance Yokutsan in all Kroeber except Chunut same underived Kroeber 1961:205 2 1 0 0 0 no
Yokuts Yowlumne Oncorhynchus mykiss èpic, 'e:p'iş lake trout, confirmed Newman 1944:226; Merriam has as “salmon” inheritance Yokutsan in all Kroeber except Chunut same underived Kroeber 1961:205 2 1 0 0 0 no
Yuki Oncorhynchus mykiss hąw A, F fish, salmon inheritance *həw Yukian-Wappo Schlichter 1985; Elmendorf 1997:80 Wappo 7ew underived Sawyer & Schlichter 1984 2 1 0 0 0 no
Yuma Oncorhynchus mykiss mo-we'-ulk Salmon loan direction unknown Iipay Aa Iipay Aa mo-weelk'; loan direction unknown unknown Merriam 61:465 2 1 0 0 0 no