| Yir-Yoront |
thol |
|
spearthrower, woomera |
inheritance |
*culi |
pPaman |
|
Poss. to Karnic *thurli 'mussel', relating to the shell (usually bailer-shell) counterweight attached to spearthrowers in CYP |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Barry Alpher |
| Dhangu |
gaḻpu |
|
|
inheritance |
|
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|
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|
|
Claire Bowern |
| Dhay’yi |
garlpu |
|
|
inheritance |
|
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|
|
|
Claire Bowern |
| Yan-nhangu |
maŋal |
|
|
loan direction unknown |
|
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|
|
|
|
|
Claire Bowern |
| Gupapuyngu |
maŋal |
|
|
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Claire Bowern |
| Dhuwal |
maŋal |
|
|
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Claire Bowern |
| Djinang |
mariŋgal |
|
|
loan direction unknown |
|
|
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|
|
|
|
Claire Bowern |
| Burarra |
mariŋgul |
|
|
loan direction unknown |
|
|
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|
|
|
|
Claire Bowern |
| Rembarrnga |
marnrturru |
|
|
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Claire Bowern |
| Ritharrngu |
murruku7 |
|
|
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Claire Bowern |
| Gumatj |
narrityin |
|
|
unique |
|
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|
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|
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|
|
|
Claire Bowern |
| Yawuru |
ngabalin |
|
|
inheritance |
|
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|
|
|
Claire Bowern |
| Nyulnyul |
ngabaliny |
|
|
inheritance |
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Claire Bowern |
| Nyikina |
ŋapaliny |
|
|
inheritance |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Claire Bowern |
| Karajarri |
ŋapaliny |
|
|
loan |
|
|
Nyulnyulan |
|
WW |
%ngapale |
|
|
|
|
Claire Bowern |
| Nyangumarta |
walparra |
|
|
loan direction unknown |
|
|
|
|
WW |
%walparra |
|
|
|
|
Claire Bowern |
| Mangala |
walparra |
|
|
loan direction unknown |
|
|
|
|
WW |
%walparra |
|
|
|
|
Claire Bowern |
| Yulparija |
warlparra |
|
|
loan |
|
|
Pilbara |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Claire Bowern |
| Ngarluma |
warlparra |
|
|
loan |
|
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|
|
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|
|
Claire Bowern |
| Jawi |
yangal |
|
|
loan |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Claire Bowern |
| Nimanburru |
yankal |
|
|
doubtful loan |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Claire Bowern |
| Bardi |
yarnkal XXŋl porrowiŋ in Barti, pty of initial y- |
|
|
loan |
|
|
|
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|
|
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|
|
|
Claire Bowern |
| Warrwa |
yungkarra; yarngal |
|
|
loan |
|
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|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
Claire Bowern |
| Walmajarri |
ngapaliny |
|
|
loan |
|
|
Gajirrabeng |
|
WW |
%ngapale |
|
|
|
|
Patrick McConvell |
| Mudburra |
tyalkatyi |
|
|
inheritance |
|
|
|
tyal 'hook up spear' - katyi nomic |
|
|
complex |
|
tyal 'hook up spear' +katyi nomic |
|
Patrick McConvell |
| Jaru |
tyalykatyi |
|
|
loan |
|
|
Mudburra |
long; short -ngarlika; tyaly hook up -INST |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Patrick McConvell |
| Gurindji |
warlmayi |
|
|
inheritance |
|
|
|
|
WW |
%walmayi |
|
|
|
|
Patrick McConvell |
| Gooniyandi |
ngawali |
|
|
loan |
|
|
Gajirrabeng |
|
WW |
%ngapale |
|
|
|
|
Patrick McConvell |
| Bunuba |
ngawalu |
|
|
loan |
|
|
Gajirrabeng |
|
WW |
%ngapale |
|
|
|
|
Patrick McConvell |
| Gajirrabeng |
kuyangkin |
|
|
unknown |
|
|
|
from tree sp. |
|
|
|
|
from tree sp. |
|
Patrick McConvell |
| Djapu |
garlpu |
|
|
inheritance |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Claire Bowern |
| Kija |
ngawalel |
|
|
inheritance |
|
|
|
Gaj. Ngapale= |
WW |
%ngapale |
|
|
|
|
Patrick McConvell |
| Jingulu |
ngarlika |
|
|
inheritance |
|
|
|
also warlmayi;Wambaya ngarlika/ngarlana |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Patrick McConvell |
| Miriwung |
ngawaleng |
|
|
semantic shift |
|
|
|
<corkwood tree, main timber for w. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Patrick McConvell |
| Wardaman |
kuyanggin |
|
|
unknown |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Patrick McConvell |
| Bankalachi Toloim |
ah'-le “bow” 187; ālit (K1907) |
|
|
inheritance |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Jane Hill |
| Big Smokey Valley Shoshone |
aitikko “bow”; aiti “bow and arrow, gun” |
|
|
inheritance |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Jane Hill |
| Cahuilla |
hul (bow) |
|
|
inheritance |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S&H 1979 |
Jane Hill |
| Central Sierra Miwok |
sho/l:uku- “bow” |
|
|
unknown |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Jane Hill |
| Chemehuevi |
ac(y)/ “gun, bow” |
|
|
inheritance |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Jane Hill |
| Chumash Barbareno |
7ax “bow” |
|
|
inheritance |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Klar 1977:71 |
Jane Hill |
| Chumash Cruzeno |
tup'an “bow” |
|
|
unknown |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Klar 1999 |
Jane Hill |
| Chumash Ineseno |
7ax “bow” |
|
|
inheritance |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Klar 1977:71 |
Jane Hill |
| Chumash Obispeno |
7axa |
|
|
inheritance |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Klar 1977:51 |
Jane Hill |
| Chumash Ventureno |
7ax “bow” |
|
|
inheritance |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Klar 1977:71 |
Jane Hill |
| Cocopa |
7i:ci/m, 7i:ci\maya:/ “bow (and arrow)” |
|
|
unknown |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Jane Hill |
| Comanche |
eety “bow” |
|
|
inheritance |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Jane Hill |
| Cupeño |
kutapish “bow” |
|
|
inheritance |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Jane Hill |
| Esselen |
paxu-nax “bow” |
|
|
loan |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shaul 1995 |
Jane Hill |
| Gabrielino |
-ku:cap "bow" |
|
|
unknown |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Jane Hill |
| Kawaiisu |
7edy “bow” |
|
|
inheritance |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Jane Hill |
| Kiliwa |
h+tim |
|
|
inheritance |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mixco 1985 |
Jane Hill |
| Kitanemuk |
pachukt “bow” |
|
|
loan direction unknown |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Jane Hill |
| Lake Miwok |
ko/ono “bow” |
|
|
loan direction unknown |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Jane Hill |
| Luiseño |
ku/tupish “bow” |
|
|
inheritance |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Jane Hill |
| Maidu |
pa/ndak'a\, pandakto “bow” |
|
|
inheritance |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Jane Hill |
| Mojave |
7utis “bow” |
|
|
inheritance |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Jane Hill |
| Mutsun |
lawa:n “bow” |
|
|
inheritance |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
O77:145 |
Jane Hill |
| Nisenan |
pandak “bow” |
|
|
inheritance |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Jane Hill |
| Northern Paiute |
aty7 |
|
|
inheritance |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nichols 1974:47 |
Jane Hill |
| Northern Sierra Miwok |
kyc:a- “bow” |
|
|
doubtful loan into protolanguage |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Jane Hill |
| Plains Miwok |
k2c:a-, kyc:a- “bow” |
|
|
doubtful loan into protolanguage |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Jane Hill |
| Salinan A |
xak'e/i7, xak' (A only, pl xak'eL) “bow” |
|
|
loan |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Jane Hill |
| Salinan M |
paxuwe/ 'bow' |
|
|
loan direction unknown |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mason 1918:131 |
Jane Hill |
| Seri (Comcaac) |
haacni “bow” |
|
|
unknown |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Jane Hill |
| Serrano |
Suma:n-t bow, arrow, bow-and-arrow |
|
|
inheritance |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Jane Hill |
| Southern Paiute |
atcy-S bow |
|
|
inheritance |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Jane Hill |
| Southern Sierra Miwok |
jaw:e- “bow” |
|
|
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Jane Hill |
| Southern Ute |
aachI, aa/chI |
|
|
inheritance |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Jane Hill |
| Tübatulabal |
aali-tt “bow” |
|
|
inheritance |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Jane Hill |
| Tümpisa Shoshone |
huu7etyn (atlatl, bow) |
|
|
inheritance |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Jane Hill |
| Wappo |
lu/k'a |
|
|
unknown |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Jane Hill |
| Washo |
7um-ba7lo/hat |
|
|
unknown |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J415 |
Jane Hill |
| Western Mono |
e/di/ “bow, gun, weapon” |
|
|
inheritance |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Jane Hill |
| Wintu |
k'ulu:l “bow” |
|
|
loan direction unknown |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Jane Hill |
| Yavapai |
tvchu_:nya “bow” |
|
|
unknown |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Jane Hill |
| Yokuts Palewyami |
keTngal' |
|
|
unknown |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
JPH Gamble 91 |
Jane Hill |
| Yokuts Yawdanchi |
tayapH “bow” |
|
|
inheritance |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
K07:244, G64 |
Jane Hill |
| Yokuts Yowlumne |
T'alapH (bow) |
|
|
inheritance |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
G1964 |
Jane Hill |
| Yuki |
le-wit/ CHM, lu-wat/, lu-wa,t “bow” |
|
|
inheritance |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S&S1984 |
Jane Hill |
| Yuma |
7u:ti:/sh “bow” H3:206 |
|
|
inheritance |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Jane Hill |
| Dâw |
-- |
-- |
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
See Language page |
Ana Paula B., Pattie Epps |
| Arabana |
amira |
|
|
inheritance |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Claire Bowern |
| Bardi |
ngabaliny |
ngabaliny |
|
inheritance |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Claire Bowern |
| Bunuba |
ngawalu |
|
|
inheritance |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Claire Bowern |
| Burarra |
maringgul |
|
|
loan direction unknown |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Claire Bowern |
| Dhangu |
gaḻpu |
|
|
unknown |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Claire Bowern |
| Dhuwal |
gaḻpu |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Claire Bowern |
| Dhuwala |
biḏitj |
|
|
unknown |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Claire Bowern |
| DiyariREU |
[missing] |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Claire Bowern |
| Djambarrpuyngu |
biḏitj |
|
|
unknown |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Claire Bowern |
| Djapu |
gaḻpu |
|
|
unknown |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Claire Bowern |
| Djinang |
maringgal |
|
|
loan direction unknown |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Claire Bowern |
| Gajirrabeng |
ngabeleng |
|
|
inheritance |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Claire Bowern |
| Gooniyandi |
ngawali |
|
|
loan |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Claire Bowern |
| Gupapuyngu |
biḏitj |
|
|
unknown |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Claire Bowern |
| Gurindji |
warlmayi |
|
|
inheritance |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Claire Bowern |
| Jaru |
bigirri |
|
|
loan |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Claire Bowern |
| Jawi |
yangal |
yangal |
|
inheritance |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Claire Bowern |
| Karajarri |
warlparra |
|
|
inheritance |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Claire Bowern |
| Kija |
ngawal- |
|
|
inheritance |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Claire Bowern |
| Malyangapa |
Mal: thardu-pira |
|
|
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Claire Bowern |
| Mangala |
walbara (T) |
|
|
unknown |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Claire Bowern |
| Miriwung |
ngawaleng |
|
|
inheritance |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Claire Bowern |
| Mithaka |
wamaja |
|
|
inheritance |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Claire Bowern |
| Mudburra |
jalkaji |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Claire Bowern |
| Mudburra |
jalkaji |
|
|
loan |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Claire Bowern |
| Ngamini |
kukuru |
|
|
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Claire Bowern |
| Ngandi |
o-bornrdok |
|
|
inheritance? |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Claire Bowern |
| Ngarluma |
meero |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Claire Bowern |
| Ngumbarl |
yoongara |
yungara |
|
loan into protolanguage |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Claire Bowern |
| Nhirrpi |
pinyi |
|
|
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Claire Bowern |
| Nimanburru |
yangal |
yankal |
|
inheritance |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Claire Bowern |
| Northern Mangarla |
[missing] |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Claire Bowern |
| Northern Nyangumarta |
walparra |
|
|
inheritance |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Claire Bowern |
| Nyangumarta |
walparra |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Claire Bowern |
| Nyikina |
ngabaliny |
ŋabaliny |
|
inheritance |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Claire Bowern |
| Nyulnyul |
yongar |
yonkar |
|
loan into protolanguage |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Claire Bowern |
| Paakantyi |
(not used) |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Claire Bowern |
| Pirriya |
“warga” |
|
|
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Claire Bowern |
| Pitta-Pitta |
wamirra |
|
|
inheritance |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Claire Bowern |
| Rirratjingu |
[missing] |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Claire Bowern |
| Ritharrngu |
murruku' |
|
|
loan |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Claire Bowern |
| Walmajarri |
ngapaliny |
|
|
inheritance |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Claire Bowern |
| Wangkayutyuru |
[missing] |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Claire Bowern |
| Warrwa |
yunggarra; yarngal |
yungkarra; yarngal |
|
inheritance |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Claire Bowern |
| Wubuy |
murrugu |
|
|
inheritance? |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Claire Bowern |
| Yan-nhangu |
ḏakarr' |
|
|
unknown |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Claire Bowern |
| Yandruwandha |
yarra |
|
|
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Claire Bowern |
| Yarluyandi |
[missing] |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Claire Bowern |
| Yawarrawarrka |
[missing] |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Claire Bowern |
| Yawuru |
yangal |
yankal |
|
inheritance |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Claire Bowern |
| Yavitero |
lansa (Sp loan) |
lansa (Sp loan) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
See Language page |
Ana Paula B., PLE |
