Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

Dhangu

Family
Pama-Nyungan
Region
Australia
ISO 639-3
dhg
Location
-12.38°, 136.75°
Notes
Features
Basic Vocabulary
Flora Fauna Vocabulary
Cultural Vocabulary
Ethnographic Information
Data Sources
none


Basic Vocabulary (186)
English Spanish Portuguese Semantic Field Part of Speech Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes Source Created By
1pl.excl nosotros (exclusivo) nós (exclusivo) grammar ŋanapu inheritance Claire Bowern
1pl.incl nosotros (inclusivo) nós (inclusivo) grammar ŋalimalanha semantic shift Claire Bowern
1sg yo eu grammar ŋarra inheritance Claire Bowern
2pl ustedes vocês grammar nyeli inheritance Claire Bowern
2sg xx xx grammar nhonu inheritance Claire Bowern
3pl ellos/ellas eles/elas grammar walal(a) inheritance Claire Bowern
3sg el/ella ele/ela grammar nhän inheritance Claire Bowern
above encima, arriba acima location garrwar inheritance Claire Bowern
again de nuevo, otra vez de novo grammar biyapul unknown Claire Bowern
all todo todos other warrpam' inheritance Claire Bowern
and y e grammar ga inheritance Claire Bowern
ankle tobillo tornozelo body [missing] missing Claire Bowern
armpit axila, sobaco axila body wäny loan Claire Bowern
ashamed xx xx mental goṉa inheritance Claire Bowern
ashes xx xx environment 1876 inheritance Claire Bowern
at en, a em, a location -ŋa inheritance Claire Bowern
back espalda costas body buṉḏalŋu unknown Claire Bowern
bad mal mal quality biḏila doubtful loan Claire Bowern
be alive xx xx body [missing] missing Claire Bowern
belly barriga barriga body dhulmu unknown Claire Bowern
below abajo, debajo abaixo location [missing] missing Claire Bowern
big grande grande quality bathala unknown Claire Bowern
bite morder morder body rathan unknown Claire Bowern
black negro preto colour gurrŋan(') inheritance Claire Bowern
blood sangre sangue body gulaŋ unknown Claire Bowern
blow soplar soprar body [missing] missing Claire Bowern
blunt xx xx quality dhumuk doubtful loan Central Yolngu? Claire Bowern
bone hueso osso body 4964 inheritance Claire Bowern
boomerang xx xx manufacture gaḻiwaḻi(') inheritance Claire Bowern
breast pecho, seno peito body ŋamini inheritance Claire Bowern
breathe respirar respirar body [missing] missing Claire Bowern
burn quemar queimar environment nhära inheritance Claire Bowern
chew masticar, mascar mastigar body [missing] missing Claire Bowern
child niño, niña criança human yothu inheritance Claire Bowern
climb subir subir motion [missing] missing Claire Bowern
cloud nube nuvem environment maŋan unknown Claire Bowern
cold frío frio quality 1969 unknown Claire Bowern
come venir vir motion ḏoy'yun unknown Claire Bowern
cook cocinar cozinhar impact 2054 unknown Claire Bowern
count contar contar mental bothurru loan Makassar Claire Bowern
cry llorar chorar mental ŋätji inheritance Claire Bowern
cut xx xx impact mit inheritance Claire Bowern
die/be dead morir morrer state rakuny unknown Claire Bowern
dig cavar cavar impact yaw'yun unknown Claire Bowern
dingo/wolf fauna wärraŋ unknown Claire Bowern
dirty sucio sujo quality [missing] missing Claire Bowern
dream soñar sonhar mental [missing] missing Claire Bowern
drink beber, tomar beber body wurkthun unknown Claire Bowern
dry seco seco quality baṉḏany(') inheritance Claire Bowern
dust polvo poeira environment ḏuŋgul unknown Claire Bowern
ear oreja orelha body buthuru loan Claire Bowern
earth/soil tierra terra environment munatha(') inheritance Claire Bowern
eat comer comer body nyaŋ'thun unknown Claire Bowern
egg huevo ovo fauna bamburuŋburuŋ Claire Bowern
eye ojo olho body maŋutji inheritance Claire Bowern
faeces heces, mierda, excremento, estiércol fezes body guḻa' unknown Claire Bowern
fall caer cair motion galki inheritance Claire Bowern
far lejos longe quality bärrku inheritance Claire Bowern
fat/grease grasa gordura body djukurr(') inheritance Claire Bowern
father padre, papá pai kinship djawuḻpa inheritance Claire Bowern
fear miedo medo mental biyaṉu unknown Claire Bowern
feather pluma pena fauna bulka' unknown Claire Bowern
fire fuego fogo environment dhaŋutha unknown Claire Bowern
fish xx xx fauna guya inheritance Claire Bowern
flow fluir fluir motion [missing] missing Claire Bowern
flower flor flor environment 2859 inheritance Claire Bowern
fly volar voar motion wurruḻuḻ(') inheritance Claire Bowern
fog niebla, neblina nevoeira, bruma, neblina environment [missing] missing Claire Bowern
foot pie pé body rnuku unknown Claire Bowern
fruit fruta fruta flora baḏalaŋ Claire Bowern
good bueno bom quality ŋuwakurru unknown Claire Bowern
grow crecer crescer state ŋuthan doubtful loan Claire Bowern
hair (of head) cabello cabelo body marwat inheritance Claire Bowern
hand mano mão body goŋ inheritance Claire Bowern
head cabeza cabeça body muḻkurr unknown Claire Bowern
hear oír ouvir mental ŋäma inheritance Claire Bowern
heavy pesado pesado quality [missing] missing Claire Bowern
hide esconder esconder motion 1482 unknown Claire Bowern
hit golpear, pegar bater impact buma inheritance Claire Bowern
hit (with hand) xx xx impact [missing] missing Claire Bowern
hold correr, asegurar, sostener segurar other baṯ unknown Claire Bowern
how? como como grammar nhalpiyan unknown Claire Bowern
if si se grammar [missing] missing Claire Bowern
in/inside dentro, adentro dentro location 2015 unknown Claire Bowern
intestines intestinos intestinos body biyapiya inheritance Claire Bowern
itch hormiguear, sentir comezón coçar body [missing] missing Claire Bowern
kill matar matar impact boyan inheritance Claire Bowern
know/be knowledgeable saber, conecer saber, conhecer mental marŋgi inheritance Claire Bowern
lake lago lago environment 2027 missing Claire Bowern
laugh reír rir mental gitkit inheritance Claire Bowern
leaf hoja folha environment man'tjarr loan Claire Bowern
left/left hand izquierdo esquerdo location/body djarrpuḏay' unknown Claire Bowern
leg/foot pierna perna body balwak unknown Claire Bowern
lie down acostarse, echarse deitar motion ŋoya unknown Claire Bowern
lightning rayo, relámpago relampago environment yarraḏa unknown Claire Bowern
liver hígado figado body biḏila unknown Claire Bowern
long largo comprido, longo quality wikarra unknown Claire Bowern
louse piollo, piojo piolho fauna djuku inheritance Claire Bowern
lung pulmón pulmão body burrwutj inheritance Claire Bowern
man/male hombre homem human 2254 unknown Claire Bowern
meat/flesh carne carne fauna wäyin unknown Claire Bowern
moon luna lua environment ŋaḻindi inheritance Claire Bowern
mother madre, mamá mãe kinship bambay unknown Claire Bowern
mouth boca boca body dhurrwara unknown Claire Bowern
name nombre nome human ŋaykaṉa unknown Claire Bowern
nape base del cuello, nuca nuca body gupa inheritance Claire Bowern
near/close cerca de perto quality galki inheritance Claire Bowern
neck cuello pescoço body [missing] missing Claire Bowern
new nuevo novo quality yuṯa inheritance Claire Bowern
night noche noite time munha inheritance Claire Bowern
no/not no não grammar yaka inheritance Claire Bowern
nose nariz nariz body 2839 inheritance Claire Bowern
old viejo velho quality worruŋu unknown Claire Bowern
one uno um number waŋgany inheritance Claire Bowern
open/uncover abrir abrir other barryun unknown Claire Bowern
other otro outro grammar mulkuru unknown Claire Bowern
person/human being persona pessoa human 2978 Claire Bowern
pimple xx xx body djiraŋ' unknown Claire Bowern
rain lluvia chuva environment baḻkurrk unknown Claire Bowern
red rojo vermelho colour miku(') inheritance Claire Bowern
right/right hand derecha direita location/body [missing] missing Claire Bowern
road/path camino caminho manufacture dhuka inheritance Claire Bowern
roof xx xx manufacture [missing] missing Claire Bowern
root raíz raiz flora dhulpurru unknown Claire Bowern
rotten podrido podre quality barrpa(') inheritance Claire Bowern
sand arena areia environment raŋi unknown Claire Bowern
say decir dizer mental wäŋa inheritance Claire Bowern
scratch rascar rasgar impact dhe'thiyun unknown Claire Bowern
see ver ver mental nha:ma inheritance Claire Bowern
sharp afilado, filudo, filoso afiado quality [missing] missing Claire Bowern
shoot tirar, disparar, balear atirar impact [missing] missing Claire Bowern
short corto curto quality guṯi(') unknown Claire Bowern
shoulder hombro ombro body ḻambarr inheritance Claire Bowern
sick xx xx body rirrikthun inheritance Claire Bowern
sit sentar(se) sentar state ñi:na_x001E_n inheritance Claire Bowern
skin piel pele body barrwaṉ(') unknown Claire Bowern
sky cielo céu environment djiwarr(') unknown Claire Bowern
sleep dormir dormir body yakuya inheritance Claire Bowern
small pequeño pequeno quality nyumukuṉiny inheritance Claire Bowern
smell (tr/intr) xx xx body buŋgan unknown Claire Bowern
smoke humo fumaça environment ŋawulul(') inheritance? Claire Bowern
spit escupir cuspir body dhupthun inheritance Claire Bowern
split partir, dividir rachar, dividir, partir impact barthun unknown Claire Bowern
squeeze estrujar, exprimir espremer impact yiṉḏam Claire Bowern
stab/pierce apuñalar, acuchillar apunhalar impact barrtjun inheritance Claire Bowern
stand estar de pié ficar em pé state dhärra inheritance Claire Bowern
star estrella estrela environment ganyu(') unknown Claire Bowern
steal robar roubar other djaw' inheritance Claire Bowern
stone piedra pedra environment baṉḏa unknown Claire Bowern
suck chupar chupar body buny'tjun inheritance Claire Bowern
sun sol sol time ḏaykun(') unknown Claire Bowern
sweat sudar suor, suar body worr' unknown Claire Bowern
swell hincharse inchar body butputthun unknown Claire Bowern
swim nadar nadar motion waythun unknown Claire Bowern
tail cola, rabo rabo body gurrka Claire Bowern
that ese/esa esse grammar banha unknown Claire Bowern
thick grueso, gordo, espeso grosso quality ŋutu(') inheritance Claire Bowern
thin delgado fino quality binydjitj inheritance Claire Bowern
think pensar pensar mental guyaŋirr(i) inheritance Claire Bowern
this este/esta este grammar dhay'yi unknown Claire Bowern
three tres tres number ḻurrkun' inheritance Claire Bowern
throat garganta garganta body [missing] missing Claire Bowern
throw tirar, lanzar atirar, jogar impact ḏup unknown Claire Bowern
thunder truenos trovão environment [missing] missing Claire Bowern
tie up/fasten atar, amarrar amarrar impact garrpi(')yun inheritance Claire Bowern
tongue lengua lingua body matha inheritance Claire Bowern
tooth diente dente body rirra inheritance Claire Bowern
true xx xx quality yultha unknown Claire Bowern
turn girar, volter, torcer virar other bil inheritance Claire Bowern
two dos dois number bulal unknown Claire Bowern
vomit vomitar vomitar body gakthun inheritance Claire Bowern
walk caminar, andar andar motion malthun unknown Claire Bowern
water agua agua environment gutjark loan Claire Bowern
wet mojado molhado quality djurruk inheritance Claire Bowern
what? que, qué que grammar nhä inheritance Claire Bowern
when? cuando quando grammar [missing] missing Claire Bowern
where? donde onde grammar ŋala inheritance Claire Bowern
white blanco branco colour gapaṉ unknown Claire Bowern
who? quien, quién quem grammar yol inheritance Claire Bowern
wife esposa esposa kinship galay inheritance Claire Bowern
wind viento vento environment wäŋi inheritance Claire Bowern
wing ala asa body binbarr inheritance Claire Bowern
woman/female mujer mulher human baṯami semantic shift Burarra Claire Bowern
work trabajar trabalhar other dhotju inheritance Claire Bowern
yawn bostezar bocejar body dhäpu(-)waŋa unknown Claire Bowern
yellow amarillo amarelo colour buthalak inheritance Claire Bowern


Flora Fauna Vocabulary (139)
English Spanish Portuguese Semantic Field Part of Speech Linnean Name Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Etymology Notes Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Range of Term Word Structure Word Structure Notes Classifier Classifier Notes Hypernym Source Association with Social Categories Ritual/Mythologically Significant Ritual Notes Food Source Food Notes Medicinal Medicinal Notes How Collected Who Collects How Prepared Psychotropic Psychotropic Notes Traded Trade Notes Distribution Habitat Dangerous Ethnobiology Notes Species Notes General Notes Created By
grasshopper flora-fauna Caelifera ḏetj ḏety inheritance underived 2 1 0 0 0 no
agile wallaby, river wallaby flora-fauna Macropus agilis missing weṯi(') inheritance 0 1 0 0 0 no
ant (generic) hormiga formiga flora-fauna Formicidae gälkal ga:lkal inheritance reduplicated 0 0 0 0 0 no
Australian pelican flora-fauna Pelecanus conspicillatus warnyuŋbi warnyuŋbi unique simplex 0 0 0 0 0 no
Australian snubfin dolphin flora-fauna Orcaella heinsohnii missing burlanybirr semantic shift missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
baler shell flora-fauna Melo amphora missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
bandicoot flora-fauna Peramelemorphia missing 0 0 0 0 0
barn owl flora-fauna Tyto alba missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
barramundi flora-fauna Lates calcarifer missing missing missing 1 1 0 0 0 no
bat murciélago morcego flora-fauna Chiroptera spp missing missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
bindii, caltrop flora-fauna Tribulus terrestris missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
bird pajaro, ave passaro flora-fauna djikay(') dyikay(') inheritance simplex 0 0 0 0 0 no
black-breasted buzzard flora-fauna Hamirostra melanosternon missing rdamala inheritance missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
black-faced cuckoo-shrike flora-fauna Coracina novaehollandiae missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
black-headed python flora-fauna Aspidites melanocephalus missing missing missing 0 2 0 0 0 no
black-soil yam flora-fauna Ipomoea diamantinensis missing missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
bloodwood flora-fauna Eucalyptus (Corymbia) bleeseri ḻanapu baḻwurr inheritance simplex 0 1 1 0 0 no
blowfly maggots flora-fauna Diptera, Sarcophagidae barrpa(') barrpa(') inheritance 0 0 0 0 0 no
blue-tongue lizard flora-fauna Tiliqua species missing missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
blue-winged kookaburra flora-fauna Dacelo leachii garrukal(') garrukal(') inheritance simplex 0 0 0 0 0 no
bluebone flora-fauna Choerodon cyanodus missing missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
brolga flora-fauna Grus rubicunda guḏurrku(') guḏurrku(') inheritance simplex 1 0 0 0 0 no
brown goshawk flora-fauna Accipiter fasciatus missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
brush-tailed possum flora-fauna Trichosurus vulpecula missing missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
bush cockroach flora-fauna (many species) missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
bush stone-curlew flora-fauna Burhinus grallarius missing missing missing 1 0 0 0 0 no
bush tobacco flora-fauna Lobelia quadrangularis missing missing missing 0 0 0 1 0 no
bush turkey, Australian bustard flora-fauna Ardeotis australis missing missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
bush yam flora-fauna Vigna lanceolata var. lanceolata missing yukuwa(7) inheritance missing 0 1 2 0 1 no
butterfly, moth mariposa borboleta flora-fauna Lepidoptera missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
carpet snake flora-fauna Morelia spilota missing 0 1 0 0 0
caterpillar flora-fauna Lepidoptera ḏepina ḏepina unique simplex 0 0 0 0 0 no
catfish flora-fauna (many species) missing missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
centipede ciempiés centopéia flora-fauna Chilopoda, Myriapoda missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
channel-billed cuckoo flora-fauna Scythops novaehollandiae missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
crested pigeon flora-fauna Ocyphaps lophotes missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
darter/cormorant flora-fauna Anhinga melanogaster, Phalacrocorax species missing missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
death adder, five-minute snake flora-fauna Acanthophis praelongus missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 yes
dingo flora-fauna Canis familiaris dingo wärraŋ wa:rraŋ inheritance simplex 0 0 0 0 0 no
dog (camp, domestic) perro cachorro flora-fauna Canis familiaris wuŋgan nhaṉa inheritance nhana also means him/her simplex 0 0 0 0 0 no
duck pato pato, marreco flora-fauna Anatidae dakitaki dakitaki inheritance reduplicated 0 1 0 0 0 no
dugong flora-fauna Dugon dugong missing missing missing 1 1 0 0 0 no
earthworm flora-fauna Annelida, Oligochaeta missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
emu flora-fauna Dromaius novaehollandiae wurrpaṉ wurrpaṉ inheritance simplex 2 1 2 0 0 no
fish (generic) pez peixe flora-fauna guya burirrity inheritance simplex 0 1 0 0 0 N/A
flower flora-fauna (NA) missing burwu(7) semantic shift 0 0 0 0 0 no
blowfly/housefly mosca mosca flora-fauna Diptera wurruḻuḻ(') wurruḻuḻ(') inheritance simplex 0 0 0 0 0 no
flying-fox (generic) flora-fauna (many species) missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
freshwater crocodile flora-fauna Crocodylus johnstoni missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
freshwater mussel flora-fauna Velesunio wilsoni missing missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
freshwater prawn flora-fauna Macrobrachium rosenbergii missing missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
frill-necked lizard flora-fauna Chlamydosaurus kingii missing missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
frog (generic) flora-fauna (many species) garkman garkman inheritance simplex 0 0 0 0 0 no
galah flora-fauna Eolophus roseicapilla missing 0 0 0 0 0
turtle (generic) flora-fauna (many species) miyapunu miyapunu inheritance simplex 0 1 0 0 0 no
ghost gum flora-fauna Eucalyptus papuana (Corymbia bella) missing missing missing 2 0 1 0 0 no
goanna (generic) or sand goanna flora-fauna Varanus spp missing missing missing 0 1 2 0 0 no
grass hierba, pasto capim, grama flora-fauna (NA) missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
grasshopper flora-fauna Orthoptera ḏety inheritance simplex 0 0 0 0 0
great bowerbird flora-fauna Chlamydera nuchalis missing missing missing 1 0 0 0 0 no
green ant flora-fauna Oecophylla smaragdina missing missing missing 0 2 2 0 0 no
green sea turtle flora-fauna Chelonia mydas missing missing missing 1 1 0 0 0 no
green tree snake flora-fauna Dendrelaphis punctulata garanaŋga(') garanaŋga(') inheritance 0 2 0 0 0 no
head/body lice flora-fauna Pediculus capitis, Pediculus humanus djuku dyuku louse, small head lice, flea(s) inheritance simplex 0 0 0 0 0 no
horse caballo cavalho flora-fauna Equus caballus yarraman' yarraman' loan areal WW %yarraman simplex 0 0 0 0 0 no
hummingbird colibrí, picaflor (Peru) beija-flor flora-fauna Trochilidae missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
humpback whale flora-fauna Megaptera novaeangliae missing burarrwaŋa unique missing 1 1 0 0 0 no
insect (generic) insecto insecto flora-fauna generic missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
jabiru flora-fauna Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus gandyi(7) inheritance 0 0 0 0 0
jungle-fowl (scrub-fowl) flora-fauna Megapodius freycinet missing missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
kangaroo (generic) flora-fauna Macropodidae weṯi(') weṯi(') inheritance 2 1 0 0 0 no
land snail flora-fauna Gastropoda missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
magpie goose flora-fauna Anseranas semipalmata gurrumaṯtji gurrumaṯtyi inheritance simplex 0 1 0 0 0 no
military dragon flora-fauna Ctenophorus isolepis, Diporiphora spp., Lophognathus spp. missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
mosquito mosquito, zancudo mosquito, carapana flora-fauna Anopheles spp, Isoptera gaṉamu gaṉamu inheritance simplex 0 0 0 0 0 no
mud wasp, hornet flora-fauna (many species) missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
native bee flora-fauna (many species) missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
native cat flora-fauna Dasyurus barkuma(') barkuma(') inheritance simplex 0 0 0 0 0 no
northern brown bandicoot flora-fauna Isoodon macrourus missing missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
northern kurrajong flora-fauna Brachychiton diversifolius missing missing missing 0 1 no? 0 0 no
nut tree flora-fauna Terminalia grandifolia missing missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
octopus flora-fauna Octopus australis missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
pandanus palm flora-fauna Pandanus spiralis gun.ga gun.ga pandanus inheritance simplex 1 1 0 0 1 no
paperbark flora-fauna Melaleuca sericea, Melaleuca stenostachya barrukala(') barrukala(') inheritance 0 0 1 0 0 no
peaceful dove flora-fauna Geopelia placida gurudut gurudut loan direction unknown WW %kurutuk 0 0 0 0 0 no
pearlshell flora-fauna Pinctada spp missing missing missing 1 1 0 0 1 no
peewee flora-fauna Gryllina cyanoleuca ḏelili ḏelili inheritance 0 0 0 0 0 no
pied butcherbird flora-fauna Cracticus nigrogularis missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
pike eel flora-fauna Muraenesox arabicus missing missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
praying mantis, stick insects mantis religiosa louva-a-deus flora-fauna Mantodea missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
prickle bush flora-fauna Sclerolaena bicornis missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
quail (generic) flora-fauna Coturnix species, Turnix species missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
red river gum flora-fauna Eucalyptus camaldulensis missing missing missing 2 0 1 0 1 no
red-tailed black-cockatoo flora-fauna Calyptorhynchus banksi missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
riflefish, archerfish flora-fauna Toxotes chatareus missing missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
river mangrove flora-fauna Aegicera corniculatum missing missing missing 0 0 2 0 1 no
rock fig flora-fauna Ficus brachypoda missing missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
sacred kingfisher flora-fauna Todiramphus sancta missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
saltwater crocodile flora-fauna Crocodylus porosus missing ba:ru inheritance 2 2 0 0 0 yes
saltwater mussel flora-fauna Mytilidae missing missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
sawfish flora-fauna Pristis pectinata missing missing missing 1 0 0 0 0 yes
scorpion escorpión; alacran escorpião flora-fauna Arachnida, Scorpiones buthuŋu buthuŋu inheritance simplex 0 0 0 0 0 no
shark (generic) flora-fauna Selachimorpha missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 variable
shell (generic) flora-fauna ŋaraka ŋaraka inheritance simplex 0 1 0 0 1 no
short-beaked echidna flora-fauna Tachyglossus aculeatus djirrmaŋa(') dyirrmaŋa(') inheritance “dyirr” seems to be a popular Yolŋu beginning for animal words 0 2 0 0 0 no
snake (generic) culebra, serpiente cobra flora-fauna missing missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 N/A
snappy gum flora-fauna Eucalyptus brevifolia missing missing missing 0 0 1 0 0 no
spider araña aranha flora-fauna Arachnida, Araneae missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
spinifex flora-fauna Triodia species missing missing missing 0 0 2 0 0 no
spoonbills (yellow-billed spoonbill, black-billed spoonbill) flora-fauna Platalea flavipes, Platalea regia missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
stingray (generic) rayas látigo, raya arraia flora-fauna Dasyatidae djuḻaymuŋ dyuḻaymuŋ unique 0 1 0 0 0 variable
stripe-faced dunnart flora-fauna Sminthopsis macroura missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
sugarbag wax flora-fauna missing missing missing 1 1 0 0 0 no
sulphur-crested cockatoo flora-fauna Cacatua galerita baḏikan baḏikan inheritance simplex 0 0 0 0 0 no
swamp eel flora-fauna Ophisternon gutturale missing missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
swamp leech flora-fauna Annelida, Hirudinea missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
tawny frogmouth flora-fauna Podargus strigoides missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
termite mounds, ant hills flora-fauna Isoptera djakuḻuḻu(') dyakuḻuḻu(') unique 0 0 0 0 0 no
termites, white-ants comején (Peru), termitas cupim flora-fauna (many species) missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
ti-tree flora-fauna Melaleuca bracteata missing missing missing 0 0 1 0 0 no
tick garrapata carrapato flora-fauna Arachnida, Acarina missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
tiger shark flora-fauna Galeocerdo cuvier missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 yes
torresian crow flora-fauna Corvus orru missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
tree árbol arvore flora-fauna (NA) dharpa dharpa inheritance simplex 0 0 0 0 0 no
waterlily flora-fauna Nymphaea macrosperma dhatam(') dhatam(') inheritance simplex 0 1 2 0 0 no
wattle flora-fauna Acacia difficilis gaḻayin(') gaḻayin(') inheritance 0 0 1 0 1 no
wedge-tailed eagle flora-fauna Aquila audax ḏamala ḏamala inheritance 1 0 0 0 0 no
willie wagtail flora-fauna Rhipidura leucophrys missing missing missing 1 0 0 0 0 no
witchetty grub flora-fauna (many species) missing missing missing 0 1 2 0 0 no
woma flora-fauna Aspidites ramsayii missing missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
tree árbol arvore flora-fauna dharpa unknown Claire Bowern
ant (generic) hormiga formiga flora-fauna gälkal inheritance? Claire Bowern
bird pajaro, ave passaro flora-fauna djikay(') inheritance Claire Bowern
blowfly/housefly mosca mosca flora-fauna [missing] missing Claire Bowern
dog (camp, domestic) perro cachorro flora-fauna 1757 unknown Claire Bowern
grass hierba, pasto capim, grama flora-fauna [missing] missing Claire Bowern
kangaroo (generic) flora-fauna weṯi(') unknown Claire Bowern
snake (generic) culebra, serpiente cobra flora-fauna djäḻki(') unknown Claire Bowern
spider araña aranha flora-fauna [missing] missing Claire Bowern


Cultural Vocabulary (111)
English Spanish Portuguese Semantic Field Part of Speech Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Etymology Notes Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Word Structure Word Structure Notes General Notes Source Created By
afterworld, land of dead, Heaven tierra do los muertos terra dos mortos culture-mythology burralku doubtful inheritance Claire Bowern
armband dress barka semantic shift ‘upper arm’ Claire Bowern
awl subsistence tool missing Claire Bowern
axe/stone axe hacha (de piedra) machado (de pedra) subsistence tool ḏakul(') inheritance Claire Bowern
bag (string) culture-material batyi inheritance Claire Bowern
bait for fishing cebo, carnada para pescar, empate (Peru) isca subsistence tool missing Claire Bowern
basket (general) canasta, canasto, cesta cesto culture-material missing Claire Bowern
body feather decorations culture-mythology missing Claire Bowern
boomerang/throwing stick (generic) subsistence tool gaḻiwaḻi(') inheritance Claire Bowern
boomerang (number 7) subsistence tool missing Claire Bowern
boomerang (small) subsistence tool missing Claire Bowern
bowl (coolamon) culture-material dhaniya(') inheritance Claire Bowern
broom escoba vassoura culture-material missing Claire Bowern
canoe canoa canoa transport ṉaku(') inheritance Claire Bowern
cicatrice culture-mythology biḏipi(') inheritance Claire Bowern
clapsticks culture-mythology biḻma inheritance Claire Bowern
club (nulla-nulla) subsistence tool missing Claire Bowern
cook food food nha:ra semantic shift Claire Bowern
cook in earth oven food missing Claire Bowern
damper food missing Claire Bowern
dance (generic) culture-mythology burr'yun REDO - noun not verb Claire Bowern
digging stick subsistence tool dhoṉa(') inheritance Claire Bowern
dipper (small coolamon) subsistence tool missing Claire Bowern
dream sueño, soñar sonho, sonhar culture-mythology missing Claire Bowern
dreaming culture-mythology missing Claire Bowern
drone pipe culture-mythology yiḏaki inheritance Claire Bowern
fire drill subsistence tool rduttyi(7) inheritance Claire Bowern
fire-saw other ḏuttyi(') inheritance Claire Bowern
fireplace hogar lareira other missing Claire Bowern
firewood leña lenha other missing Claire Bowern
fish poison barbasco, matapez (Colombia) timbó subsistence tool missing Claire Bowern
fish (with fish-poison) pescar con barbasco, barbasquear pescar com timbó; tinguijar food missing Claire Bowern
fish (with line) anzuelear, pescar con linea pescar (com linha) food ra:kum(a) inheritance Claire Bowern
fish (with spear) food missing Claire Bowern
fishing line cordel/cuerda p/ pescar, sedal, tanze linha de pesca subsistence tool yarraṯa inheritance Claire Bowern
fishtrap (permanent) subsistence tool missing Claire Bowern
fishtrap (woven) subsistence tool missing Claire Bowern
flour (European) food missing Claire Bowern
flour (bush) food missing Claire Bowern
game animal caza, animal de caza caça, animal de caça food wa:yin inheritance Claire Bowern
ghost (of dead person)/evil spirit espíritu malo, espíritu maligno, fantasma, demonio espirito culture-mythology waŋa inheritance Claire Bowern
glue subsistence tool missing Claire Bowern
grave tumba, sepultura, sepulcro sepultura, sepulcro, cova culture-mythology munatha(') semantic shift Claire Bowern
grog food gapu semantic shift ‘water’ Claire Bowern
hair belt dress missing Claire Bowern
headband dress missing Claire Bowern
healer curandero benzador, curandeiro, kumu (Tukano) culture-mythology missing Claire Bowern
honey miel mel food dyukurr(') unique Claire Bowern
house (European) other bala' loan Makassar WW %bala Claire Bowern
hunt cazar caçar food missing Claire Bowern
initiation (circumcision) culture-mythology missing Claire Bowern
initiation (circumcision) culture-mythology missing Claire Bowern
knife cuchillo faca culture-material yiki(') inheritance Claire Bowern
loincloth taparrabos, guayuco, pampanilla tanga, tapa-sexo dress na:ga inheritance Claire Bowern
love song culture-mythology missing Claire Bowern
mangrove raft transport missing Claire Bowern
message stick culture-mythology missing Claire Bowern
mortar mortero pilão subsistence tool missing Claire Bowern
nosepeg other missing Claire Bowern
paddle/oar remo remo transport gayuwaḻa inheritance Claire Bowern
ochre culture-mythology buthalak inheritance Claire Bowern
paint body, body paint pintura corporal pintura corporal culture-mythology missing Claire Bowern
pestle pilón, mano de mortero, mazo, moledor mão de pilão subsistence tool missing Claire Bowern
pipe for tobacco pipa cachimbo other missing Claire Bowern
public song cycle culture-mythology missing Claire Bowern
red paint culture-mythology miku(') inheritance Claire Bowern
resin resina, brea, copal resina, brea, breu subsistence tool missing Claire Bowern
salt sal sal food dye'la inheritance Claire Bowern
shelter (native) other buṉbu inheritance Claire Bowern
song (generic) canción, canto canção culture-mythology missing Claire Bowern
song (for entertainment) culture-mythology missing Claire Bowern
spear lanza lança subsistence tool garna inheritance Claire Bowern
spear (fighting) subsistence tool missing Claire Bowern
spear (fishing) subsistence tool missing Claire Bowern
spearthrower subsistence tool gaḻpu inheritance Claire Bowern
speartip subsistence tool missing Claire Bowern
string (from hair) culture-material missing Claire Bowern
string (from vine) culture-material missing Claire Bowern
sugar acculturation munatha(') semantic shift Claire Bowern
tea food ḏilip loan English WW tea Claire Bowern
tobacco (European) narcotics getyu loan direction unknown Claire Bowern
tobacco (native) narcotics missing Claire Bowern
spirit child culture-mythology missing Claire Bowern
wax cera cera other missing Claire Bowern
white paint culture-mythology gaparn inheritance Claire Bowern
windbreak other missing Claire Bowern
yandy (n) culture-material missing Claire Bowern
school escuela escola acculturation wukirri semantic shift Claire Bowern
net subsistence tool missing Claire Bowern
bottle botella garrafa acculturation buthuḻu(') loan English WW bottle Claire Bowern
paper papel papel acculturation dyorra' loan Makassar WW %djorra Claire Bowern
corpse food missing Claire Bowern
chicken gallina galinha acculturation missing Claire Bowern
tree coffin culture-mythology missing Claire Bowern
clothing ropa roupa culture-mythology muwayak semantic shift Claire Bowern
skirt falda, saya, fustan, pollera saia culture-material missing Claire Bowern
shoes zapatos sapatos dress dhapathuŋ(') loan Makassar WW %dhapathung Claire Bowern
medicine narcotics missing Claire Bowern
earth oven food missing Claire Bowern
policeman polícia policía acculturation missing Claire Bowern
cat gato gato acculturation missing Claire Bowern
gun arma, escopeta espingarda, fusil acculturation ma:rriyaŋ loan Makassar Claire Bowern
hat sombero chapéu dress dyoŋgu(') inheritance Claire Bowern
rope/string mecate, cuerda, soga corda culture malka unknown Claire Bowern
bottom grinding stone manufacture [missing] missing Claire Bowern
digging stick subsistence tool dhoṉa(') unknown Claire Bowern
winnow aventar, tirar (sementes) joeirar manufacture [missing] missing Claire Bowern
top grinding stone metate, mano; piedra de moler metate, mano manufacture [missing] missing Claire Bowern
spearthrower subsistence tool gaḻpu unknown Claire Bowern
spear lanza lança subsistence tool gaṉa unknown Claire Bowern
house other bala' loan Claire Bowern


Ethnographic Information
Current population (ethnicity) Current population (speakers) Former population estimate Subsistence preference Subsistence notes Density Sedentism Ecotome (riverine/interfluvial/coastal/desert/savannah/etc.) Social hierarchies Multilingualism (rare/occasional/common) Contact languages Marriage pattern Notes Source Created By
small HG dense mobile yes