Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

sleep

Semantic Field
body
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
dormir
Meaning Portuguese
dormir

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes Source Created By General Notes
Bankalachi Toloim soo-loo'-maht “asleep” 177; djuluma (K1907) inheritance Jane Hill
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone yppyih (sg), ykkoih (dl, pl); sysymih “go to sleep” inheritance Jane Hill
Cahuilla -kup- inheritance S&H 1979 Jane Hill
Central Sierra Miwok Tyj:e- inheritance Jane Hill
Chemehuevi ypyi/ (sg), inheritance Jane Hill
Chumash Barbareno we7 inheritance Mithun 1997:223 Jane Hill
Chumash Cruzeno we loan JPH Jane Hill
Chumash Ineseno we7 loan A 64 Jane Hill
Chumash Obispeno hoqo, 7oqo, oXo loan direction unknown JPH Jane Hill
Chumash Ventureno we loan JPH Jane Hill
Cocopa shma: inheritance Jane Hill
Comanche yhpyity inheritance Jane Hill
Cupeño kup-0 [kup] inheritance Jane Hill
Esselen achi, atsi- (Hen), ati- (Hen), achi (Pin loan direction unknown Shaul 1995:200, 217 Jane Hill
Gabrielino ya:tar “sleepy”; yata:m-ko unknown Jane Hill
Iipay 'Aa hemaa [xəˈmaˑ] inheritance Jane Hill
Kawaiisu 7ypii- SG inheritance Jane Hill
Kiliwa smaa, smaa-t inheritance Jane Hill
Kitanemuk kum inheritance Jane Hill
Lake Miwok 7ee/c, 7e/c- inheritance Jane Hill
Luiseño kup- inheritance Jane Hill
Maidu tu/j inheritance Jane Hill
Mojave isma=, thav'oor= (be sleepy, special verb) inheritance Jane Hill
Mutsun 7e:Te “is sleeping” loan direction unknown O77:76 Jane Hill
Nisenan tuj inheritance Jane Hill
Northern Paiute ywi inheritance Thornes 03:267 Jane Hill
Northern Sierra Miwok jange:m-y inheritance Jane Hill
Plains Miwok 7e:cy- inheritance Jane Hill
Salinan A ka:u (A), ka/xa:u (pl) sleep; unknown Jane Hill
Salinan M missing missing Jane Hill
Seri (Comcaac) quiim unknown Jane Hill
Serrano ku:man unique Jane Hill
Southern Paiute ap:yi-S “to sleep (sg)” inheritance Jane Hill
Southern Sierra Miwok Tyj:e-, inheritance Jane Hill
Southern Ute pyi (sg), akoi, kwai, kwei (pl) inheritance Jane Hill
Tübatulabal tahkin-at unknown Jane Hill
Tümpisa Shoshone yppyih inheritance Jane Hill
Wappo hin- (hinto/khi7 “sleeping”) loan into protolanguage Jane Hill
Washo e/lshym unknown J286 Jane Hill
Western Mono y/wi- inheritance Jane Hill
Wintu xi:na inheritance Jane Hill
Yavapai sma/: inheritance Jane Hill
Yokuts Palewyami k'enew Gamble 91 unique JPH Gamble 91 Jane Hill
Yokuts Yawdanchi engt-im inheritance K07:248 Jane Hill
Yokuts Yowlumne *wo:'uy “fall asleep” inheritance N 1944 35 Jane Hill
Yuki 7in loan into protolanguage S&S1984 Jane Hill
Yuma ashma/ H4:26 inheritance Jane Hill
Baniwa -ímaa -ímaa inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B.
Carijona onɨrɨ inheritance See Language page Melody Ann Ross, Zach Burnett, PLE
Cubeo cãñʉ kãɲɨ inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely; Tanja Baeuerlein
Dâw ãà ʔã̂ inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., Pattie Epps
Desano cãrĩri kãrĩri inheritance See Language page Ana Paula; Tanja Baeuerlein
Eñepa #NAME? okuetji-n unknown See Language page Melody Ann Ross
Hodï apuh unique See Language page Paulina Franco, Bettie Gonzalez
Waorani bõ unique See Language page Paulina Franco, Bettie Gonzalez, PLE
Hup ʔɔ̃h ~ʔɔh inheritance See Language page Pattie Epps
Kakua ʔɨ̃̀w̃ inheritance See Language page Katherine Bolaños
Makushi wetun (IDS) wetun (IDS) unknown See Language page Melody Ann Ross
Nheengatu kíri kíri inheritance See Language page John Blaha, Lauren Franklin
Ninam mališi; mi maliʃ̌i; mi inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Nukak ʔɨ̃ũ4 inheritance See Language page Lauren Franklin
Maihiki caiyi (1st person singular) kãı̃ji inheritance See Language page Daniel Valle
Pemon eknunnö (E1980); iwe'nunpa (M2000) eʔnunnö (E1980) inheritance See Language page Melody Ann Ross, Karina Baeza
Resígaro ímú ímú inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B.
Sanumá mi (EM72) mi inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Sikuani mahíta inheritance See Language page Jonathan Quintanilla, Rebecca Khorram, PLE
Tariana díːma díːma inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B.
Tukano cãrĩsé kãrĩsé inheritance E-W Tuk See Language page Ana Paula, Amanda Novak
Kotiria ~khari ~kʰari inheritance E-W Tuk; Compare Northern Emberá - "kãaĩ́" See Language page D. Jagannathan, Tanja Bauerlein
Yanomam mi (EM72) mi inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Yanomami mi-õ, mi (EM72) mi-õ, mi (EM72) inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Yukuna kamátakajo kamátakaho inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Yuhup ʔɔ̃h ~ʔɔh inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., Pattie Epps
Arabana kudna-la- unique Claire Bowern
Bardi ma-molgan, ma-molgen, ma-molgon ma-molkan, ma-molken, ma-molkon inheritance Claire Bowern
Bunuba nyungga unknown Claire Bowern
Burarra ngorrngurra loan Yolngu Claire Bowern
Dhangu yakuya inheritance Claire Bowern
Dhuwal yakurr inheritance Claire Bowern
Dhuwala yakurr inheritance Claire Bowern
Diyari muka inheritance Claire Bowern
DiyariREU [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Djambarrpuyngu ŋorra Claire Bowern
Djapu yakurr inheritance Claire Bowern
Djinang ngurri-ji inheritance Claire Bowern
Gajirrabeng yoog unique Claire Bowern
Gooniyandi mooyoo doubtful loan Claire Bowern
Gupapuyngu yakurr inheritance Claire Bowern
Gurindji makin karri- loan Claire Bowern
Jaru manyan inheritance? Claire Bowern
Karajarri kartaka karti yanya (3) inheritance Claire Bowern
Kija muyu inheritance Claire Bowern
Malyangapa boompopa unique Claire Bowern
Mangala lampu yarrinyarri (3) unique Claire Bowern
Miriwung yoog unique Claire Bowern
Mithaka parrinda unique Claire Bowern
Mudburra makina Claire Bowern
Mudburra mukuna loan Claire Bowern
Ngamini jindina inheritance Claire Bowern
Ngandi ma-ngerre unique Claire Bowern
Ngarluma bamba Claire Bowern
Ngumbarl koolin kulin inheritance Claire Bowern
Nhirrpi mukap(a) inheritance Claire Bowern
Nimanburru ma-molgan, ma-molgen, ma-molgon ma-molkan, ma-molken, ma-molkon inheritance Claire Bowern
Northern Mangarla rlampu-yarri Claire Bowern
Northern Nyangumarta kupalya inheritance Claire Bowern
Nyangumarta kartakarra, kupalya unknown Claire Bowern
Nyikina ma-molgan, ma-molgen, ma-molgon ma-molkan, ma-molken, ma-molkon inheritance Claire Bowern
Nyulnyul mamulkan mamulkan inheritance Claire Bowern
Paakantyi immerkulla Claire Bowern
Pirriya ngunaangu inheritance? Claire Bowern
Pitta-Pitta mutyi inheritance Claire Bowern
Rirratjingu ŋoya inheritance Claire Bowern
Ritharrngu ngorra inheritance Claire Bowern
Walmajarri manyan karri- inheritance Claire Bowern
Wangkayutyuru muji- inheritance Claire Bowern
Warrwa kulin ingan XXgl lie down. kulin ingan inheritance Claire Bowern
Worrorra gulun (FM) gulun (FM) loan Bardi Claire Bowern
Wubuy minynganga unique Claire Bowern
Yan-nhangu ŋorra inheritance Claire Bowern
Yandruwandha thuda, muka, muka thuda unique Claire Bowern
Yarluyandi muni- unique Claire Bowern
Yawarrawarrka jindindri inheritance Claire Bowern
Yawuru ma-molgan, ma-molgen, ma-molgon ma-molkan, ma-molken, ma-molkon inheritance Claire Bowern
Achagua má:ka má:ka inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Piapoco imáca imáka See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Kabiyari imáa imáa See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Yavitero c̷ima tsima See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Bare dumá dumá See Language page Ana Paula B.
Wapishana ˀdaʔawɨ-n ˀdaʔawɨ-n unique See Language page Ana Paula B.
Mandawaka make make See Language page Ana Paula B.
Wayuu a-tunka-a See Language page PLE
Yine himka ~ himaka See Language page PLE Also hiphya ~ hopha. *Piro-Apuriná form is *hi-'maka.
Paresi nemaka nemaka inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Ignaciano -'imaka See Language page PLE
Trinitario imko See Language page PLE Also ʔčopu.
Baure -i'mo; -mo'ko-w -i'mo; -mo'ko-w inheritance See Language page Anissa Capuccino
Waurá hɨmaka hɨmaka inheritance See Language page Joyce McCormick
Arutani anə anə See Language page John Blaha
Sape paku, ku paku, ku See Language page John Blaha
Cha'palaa 'kas-nu; 'ka'su-nu See Language page PLE 'Asleep' is 'ka'c̷uc̷u. *South Barbacoan form is *kac̷o-.
Bora kʰïkʷa kʰɯkʷa inheritance See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Muinane kɨ́ga-ʔi kɨ́ga-ʔi See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Akawaio eknunnö ɛʔnunnö inheritance Akawaio-Pemon See Language page Melody Ann Ross, Lauren Franklin
Apalai nyhnõko nɨhnõko inheritance See Language page Rebekah L. Evans
Wayana ïnïk ɨnɨk inheritance See Language page PLE
Tiriyó ëënï(kï) ǝǝnɨ(kɨ) inheritance See Language page Becky Walker
Makiritare w-ɨnɨʔ-nə (IDS); wü:nküno (KH) w-ɨnɨʔ-nə (IDS); wɨ:nkɨno (KH) inheritance See Language page Melody Ann Ross, Karina Baeza
Mapoyo nïkï-ri nʊkʊ-ri See Language page Melody Ann Ross
Wai Wai yɨ-wɨnkɨ-ra yɨ-wɨnkɨ-ra inheritance See Language page Melody Ann Ross
Waimiri Atroari no'sa noʔsa See Language page Melody Ann Ross, PLE
Yabarana wənəkɨri See Language page Ana Paula B., John Blaha
Yukpa atunka, näse nikse See Language page Ana Paula B., Melody Ann Ross
Kalapalo ïŋï- ɨŋɨ- inheritance See Language page Joyce McCormick
Muisca zquybysuca tʂkuɨβɨsuka See Language page Daniel Valle
Barí kabukãng; ooškɨkʔ See Language page PLE Cf. 'eye' 04.210. Colombia: ʔoškək, means 'close eyes'. *Chibchan form is *kap-.
Northern Emberá kãaĩ́ kãaĩ́ See Language page Jonathan Quintanilla, PLE
Epena kʰãi- See Language page PLE
Guayabero moiht inheritance Proto-Guahiban See Language page Ana Paula B., Rebecca Khorram
Macaguan mítrʉk mítrɨk inheritance Proto-Guahiban See Language page Ana Paula B., Rebecca Khorram
Cofán anañe anãɲɛ See Language page Daniel Valle phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS
Candoshi-Shapra mámaama mámaama unique See Language page Daniel Valle
Taushiro o´ya oʔja See Language page Daniel Valle
Páez deshe deshe See Language page Daniel Valle
Tikuna na2pe2 (A58) nape unique See Language page Daniel Valle, Zach Burnett, PLE
Urarina sini sini unique See Language page Daniel Valle, PLE
Camsa xómanana xómanana See Language page Daniel Valle, Anissa Capuchino
Andoke -pʌ- (morpheme) -pʌ- (morpheme) unique See Language page Kelsey Neely, PLE
Pumé mõã See Language page Paulina Franco, PLE
Puinave #NAME? #NAME? unique See Language page Daniel Valle, Zach Burnett
Máku we (also used for hot) we (also used for hot) See Language page PLE
Warao uba uba See Language page John Blaha
Ashuar kanúrtin, kajíngtin kanurtin, kaxiŋtin See Language page Daniel Valle
Huambisa kanartasa kanartasa See Language page Daniel Valle
Aguaruna kánut kánut inheritance See Language page Daniel Valle
Nadëb/Roçado dialect ʔɨ̃ːh, ʔãh inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., Pattie Epps
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect ʔãːh See Language page Ana Paula B., Pattie Epps
Matses ush uʃ inheritance See Language page Daniel Valle, Becky Walker
Kakataibo ʔoṣ̌-ti See Language page PLE *Panoan *ʔoṣ̌a-.
Katukina oša- See Language page PLE
Shipibo-Konibo oṣ̌a-ti See Language page PLE
Yaminahua oṣ̌a-kĩ See Language page PLE
Chácobo oṣ̌a- oṣ̌a- inheritance See Language page Joyce McCormick
Yagua jituy xituj unique See Language page Daniel Valle
Southern Pastaza Quechua puñuna puɲuna See Language page Daniel Valle
Ingá puñui puñui See Language page Daniel Valle
Napo Lowland Quichua puñuna puɲuna See Language page Daniel Valle
Quechua Ayacuchano puñuy puɲuj See Language page Daniel Valle, PLE
Piaroa ä'ü æʔɨ inheritance See Language page Amanda Novak, Becky Walker
Sáliva ahajaha aʔahaʔa inheritance See Language page Becky Walker
Bará kã'dĩ́ See Language page Kelsey Neely, Tanja Baeuerlein
Barasano ~kadi-re ~kadi-re See Language page D. Jagannathan, Tanja Baeuerlein
Carapana cãnĩrqũẽ kãniɾĩkɛ̃ See Language page Amanda Novak, Tanja Baeuerlein
Makuna ~kadi-re ~kadi-re inheritance See Language page Amanda Novak, D. Jagannathan, Tanja Bauerlein
Yuruti kã́dĩĩ kã́dĩĩ See Language page Ana Paula; Tanja Baeuerlein
Waikhana kã'ri kã'ri See Language page Ana Paula; Tanja Baeuerlein
Siriano cãrĩri kãrĩri See Language page Ana Paula, Kelsey Neely
Tanimuca kã'rĩ ri'ka kã'rĩ ri'ka inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Tatuyo kãdĩ- kãdĩ- See Language page Emily Buell, Paulina Franco
Tuyuka kã'dĩ kãʔdĩ See Language page D. Jagannathan, Paulina Franco, Ana Paula B.
Waimaja kʰã́nĩ́ kʰã́nĩ́ See Language page Kelsey Neely
Koreguaje kãimʉ kãimʉ inheritance See Language page Daniel Valle
Siona kãĩ-hi kãĩ-hi inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Secoya caiñe kãĩñɛ See Language page Amanda N
Karitiana kat kat inheritance See Language page Daniel Valle
Kokama uquɨrɨ ukɨɾɨ inheritance See Language page Zach Burnett, Daniel Valle
Wayampi #NAME? #NAME? inheritance See Language page PLE
Aché ikẽ inheritance See Language page PLE
Chiriguano (a)ke inheritance See Language page PLE
Paraguayan Guaraní ke See Language page PLE
Sirionó uke uke inheritance See Language page Joyce McCormick, Becky Walker
Kamayurá ket ket inheritance See Language page Rebekah L. Evans
Ocaina uunon ɯ̃ɯ̃õ inheritance See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Nɨpode Witoto ïnḯ-de ɯnɯ́-dɛ See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz
Minica Witoto ïnḯ-de ɯnɯ́-dɛ See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz
Murui Witoto ïnï-de ɯnɯ-dɛ inheritance See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Iquito maquɨɨni makɨɨni inheritance See Language page Cynthia Hansen
Záparo mak+nu makɨnu See Language page Becky Walker
Wari piʔam piʔam See Language page PLE
Araona tawi See Language page PLE *Tacn form is *tawi-.
Ese Ejja kawi-; kawe-ani inheritance See Language page PLE
Ese Ejja/Huarayo kawi-kwe kawi-kwe See Language page Joyce McCormick
Tacana tawi- See Language page PLE
Cavineña tawi-ya; tawi-yaho (G71); tawi- (G71) tawi-ya; tawi-yaho (G71); tawi- (G71) inheritance See Language page Joyce McCormick, Becky Walker
Central Aymara ikiña iki-ɲa See Language page PLE
Cayuvava biti See Language page PLE
Itonama o-nehna; yunehna See Language page PLE Latter is to cause to sleep.
Kwazá u?u-, umũi-, wãwỹi u?u-, umũi-, wãwỹi See Language page Joyce McCormick
Mosetén-Chimané ko'ši ~ ku'ši See Language page Joyce McCormick, PLE
Movima horo-kʷa horo-kʷa See Language page Anissa Capuccino, Becky Walker
Trumai o-otl-(e); (ha)-iotl o-otl-(e); (ha)-iotl unique See Language page Rebekah L. Evans, PLE
Kaingang nũr, nũgnũr nũr; nũn; nũŋnũr See Language page PLE
Suyá nɔ~r nɔ~r See Language page Rebekah Evans
Karajá õrõ; ron; rõrõ- See Language page PLE
Djeoromitxi nõtõ nõtõ See Language page PLE
Chipaya tx̣ax̣- See Language page PLE To sleep well is tx̣ax̣i-maačiṣ̌; tx̣ax̣i-matš. Uru-J form is txax-.
Mocoví ∅-laḳ See Language page PLE Lit. '(zero) 3p actor-sleeps'.
Pilagá d-ʔoči See Language page PLE
Toba do-ʔoči See Language page PLE
Lengua #NAME? See Language page PLE
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité aptiyanma See Language page PLE
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet nenteyanma See Language page PLE
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay i'moʔ See Language page PLE
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja -maʔa ~ -miʔe See Language page PLE
Maca -maʔ See Language page PLE
Nivaclé -mɔʔ sleep https://ids.clld.org/ PLE
Ayoreo i'moʔ See Language page PLE
Mapudungun umautu See Language page PLE Ranquel form is umawtɨ-.
Qawasqar tḳame See Language page PLE Also Ag, Em, Ha record kwonak; kawokyar. Bo, Sk, Be record c̷erksta for Central QWS, cf. 'snore' 04.612. Fi, Hy record kekyol for South QWS.
Selknam miṣteʔ See Language page PLE
Tehuelche 'kˀōtˀ-; e'šeʔne- See Language page PLE The latter is to 'go to sleep'.
Kanamarí kitam kitam dormir Magalhães 2018:368 Maria Castillo
Lokono donkon donkon sleep Pet 1987:371 Camille Unger
Kariña o'ny(ky) oʔnɨ(kɨ) sleep Yamada 2010:784 Camille Unger