Kariña

Family
Cariban
Region
South America
ISO 639-3
car
Location
5.84°, -56.83°
Notes
Features
Basic Vocabulary
Flora Fauna Vocabulary
Cultural Vocabulary
Data Sources
Courtz, Hendrik. 2008. A Carib grammar and dictionary. Magoria Books.


Basic Vocabulary (192)
English Spanish Portuguese Semantic Field Part of Speech Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes General Notes Source
1pl.excl nosotros (exclusivo) nós (exclusivo) grammar nàna naʔna we (excl ) Courtz 2007:53
1pl.incl nosotros (inclusivo) nós (inclusivo) grammar kỳkaron kɨhkaron first and second plural, we Courtz 2007:53
1sg yo eu grammar awu awu 1sg Courtz 2007:52
2pl ustedes vocês grammar amyjaron amɨjaron 2pl Courtz 2007:52
2sg xx xx grammar amoro amoro 2sg Courtz 2007:52
3pl ellos/ellas eles/elas grammar
3sg el/ella ele/ela grammar
above encima, arriba acima location epo epo above, near (without touching) Courtz 2007:264
again de nuevo, otra vez de novo grammar rapa rapa again Courtz 2007:358
all todo todos other ala ala all Yamada 2010:711
and y e grammar en en and Yamada 2010:729
ankle tobillo tornozelo body màkari maɁkari ankle Courtz 2007:312
armpit axila, sobaco axila body ajàta ajaʔta armpit Courtz 2007:215
ash ceniza(s) cinzas environment werùnòpo weruʔnoʔpo ashes Courtz 2007:426
at en, a em, a location po po at Yamada 2010:793
back espalda costas body japy japɨ back Yamada 2010:743
bad mal mal quality ja'wame jaʔwame bad Yamada 2010:744
bark corteza casca environment pi pi skin, peel, bark Courtz 2007:344
belly barriga barriga body uwembo uwembo belly Yamada 2010:822
below abajo, debajo abaixo location koròna koroʔna below the surface (of) Courtz 2007:299
big grande grande quality poto poto greatness, bigness Courtz 2007:351
bite morder morder body eka eka bite Yamada 2010:726
black negro preto colour karai karai black Yamada 2010:747
blood sangre sangue body menu menu blood Yamada 2010:771
blow soplar soprar body eto eto blow Yamada 2010:734
boil/pimple espinilla, granos espinha, borbulha body asurutoko asurutoko boil, pimple Courtz 2007:245
bone hueso osso body jepo jepo bone Yamada 2010:744
breast pecho, seno peito body manaty manatɨ breast Courtz 2007:312
breathe respirar respirar body erema erema breathe; live Yamada 2010:732
burn quemar queimar environment koro(ty) koro(tɨ) burn Yamada 2010:752
chew masticar, mascar mastigar body àkopo ahkopo chew Courtz 2007:219
child niño, niña criança human pitjan pitjan child Yamada 2010:792
climb subir subir motion (w)onuku onuku rise, climb Courtz 2007:429
cloud nube nuvem environment kapùrutu kapuhrutu cloud Courtz 2007:291
cold frío frio quality tyhsanore tɨhsanore cold Yamada 2010:815
come venir vir motion o(py) o(pɨ) come Yamada 2010:784
cook cocinar cozinhar impact mo(ty) mo(tɨ) cook; boil Yamada 2010:774
correct/true verdad, de veras verdade quality ne ro ne ro true, real Courtz 2010:106
count contar contar mental ùku uhku depict, count, try Courtz 2007:411
cry llorar chorar mental amo amo moarn, cry, weep Courtz 2007:223
cut/hack cortar cortar impact ỳkoto ɨhkoto cut Courtz 2007:432
day día dia time dei dei day Yamada 2010:725
die/be dead morir morrer state rom(py) rom(pɨ) die Yamada 2010:799
dig cavar cavar impact ahsahto ahsahto dig gutter Yamada 2010:707
dingo/wolf fauna
dirty sucio sujo quality sisime sisime dirty Courtz 2007:371
dream soñar sonhar mental (w)onety (w)onetɨ dream Courtz 2007:429
drink beber, tomar beber body eny(ry) enɨ(rɨ) drink Yamada 2010:731
dry seco seco quality a'pota aʔpota dry Yamada 2010:716
dull/blunt sin filo, mocho, desafilado, embotado, romo maçante, desamolado, não afiado quality typarìke tɨpariɁke blunt, not protruding much Courtz 2007:403
dust polvo poeira environment siwàko siwaɁko cloud of dust Courtz 2007:371
ear oreja orelha body pana pana ear, fish sting Yamada 2010:787
earth/soil tierra terra environment nono nono earth Yamada 2010:781
eat comer comer body ena(py) ena(pɨ) eat Yamada 2010:730
egg huevo ovo fauna ỳmo ɨhmo egg; testical Courtz 2007:433
eye ojo olho body enu enu eye Yamada 2010:731
faeces heces, mierda, excremento, estiércol fezes body wety wetɨ rust; excrement, droppings Yamada 2010:826
fall caer cair motion tywoma tɨwoma fall down; be born Yamada 2010:820
far lejos longe quality ty'se tɨʔse far Yamada 2010:819
fat/grease grasa gordura body kapa kapa grease Courtz 2007:290
father padre, papá pai kinship papa papa dad; father Yamada 2010:788
fear miedo medo mental enari enari fear Yamada 2010:730
feather pluma pena fauna
fingernail uña unha body amosaiky amosaikɨ finger nail Courtz 2007:224
fire fuego fogo environment wa'to waʔto fire Yamada 2010:825
fish xx xx fauna aimara aimara fish Yamada 2010:708
flow fluir fluir motion apeina apeina flow Yamada 2010:714
flower flora-fauna epyry epɨrɨ flower Yamada 2010:732
fly volar voar motion masiyriry masiɨrirɨ fly Yamada 2010:769
fog niebla, neblina nevoeira, bruma, neblina environment kamerita kamerita fog Courtz 2007:289
foot pie body pupu pupu foot Yamada 2010:797
fruit fruta fruta flora munu munu fruit Yamada 2010:775
good bueno bom quality djupa djupa good; well Yamada 2010:725
green verde verde quality janakari janakari green Courtz 2007:283
grow crecer crescer state atyta atɨta grow; sprout Yamada 2010:720
hair (of head) cabello cabelo body uhsety uhsetɨ hair Yamada 2010:820
hand mano mão body aija aija hand Yamada 2010:708
head cabeza cabeça body upu'po upoʔpo head; alone Yamada 2010:821
hear oír ouvir mental eta eta hear Yamada 2010:733
heart corazón coração body turupo turupo heart Yamada 2010:814
heavy pesado pesado quality typune tɨpune heavy; fleshy Yamada 2010:818
hide esconder esconder motion una(my) una(mɨ) hide; bury; protect Yamada 2010:821
hit golpear, pegar bater impact wo wo hit, kill Courtz 2007:427
hold correr, asegurar, sostener segurar other apoi apoi seize; take; catch; hold Yamada 2010:715
hot caliente quente quality ashimbe ashimbe hot Yamada 2010:719
how? como como grammar fa fa how Yamada 2010:735
if si se grammar a'ta aʔta if; when; then Yamada 2010:720
in/inside dentro, adentro dentro location pota pota inside Yamada 2010:795
intestines intestinos intestinos body uwempompo uweNpoNpo intestines Courtz 2007:418
itch hormiguear, sentir comezón coçar body sisiky sisikɨ itch Courtz 2007:371
kill matar matar impact wo wo kill; shoot; beat; hit; strike; knock; stab; fight Yamada 2010:827
know/be knowledgeable saber, conecer saber, conhecer mental uku(ty) uku(tɨ) know; understand Yamada 2010:820
lake lago lago environment ituhpo ituhpo lake; waterpool Yamada 2010:741
laugh reír rir mental auwa auwa laugh Yamada 2010:721
leaf hoja folha environment ary arɨ leaf Courtz 2007:242
left/left hand izquierdo esquerdo location/body apoje apoje left Courtz 2007:233
leg/foot pierna perna body sei sei leg Yamada 2010:802
lie down acostarse, echarse deitar motion unka unka lay down; lie down Courtz 2007:413
lightning rayo, relámpago relampago environment kapekape kapekape lightning Courtz 2007:290
live/be alive vivir viver, morar body emamy emamɨ reach day light; live Courtz 2007:254
liver hígado figado body ore ore liver Courtz 2007:331
long largo comprido, longo quality mosipe mosipe long Yamada 2010:774
louse flora-fauna emy emɨ louse Yamada 2010:729
lung pulmón pulmão body
man/male hombre homem human wokyry wokɨrɨ man Yamada 2010:828
meat/flesh carne carne fauna tonomy tonomɨ meat; animal Yamada 2010:812
moon luna lua environment nuno nuno moon Yamada 2010:781
mother madre, mamá mãe kinship mama mama mother Yamada 2010:768
mountain/hill montaña, colina, loma, cerro morro, serra environment paranka paranka hill; mountain Yamada 2010:788
mouth boca boca body nta nta mouth Yamada 2010:781
name nombre nome human ety etɨ call; name; sound Yamada 2010:734
nape base del cuello, nuca nuca body
near/close cerca de perto quality rato rato near Yamada 2010:799
neck cuello pescoço body a'sawo aʔsawo neck Yamada 2010:719
new nuevo novo quality oseiry oseirɨ new Yamada 2010:784
night noche noite time koko koko night Yamada 2010:750
no/not no não grammar no no no Yamado 2010:779
nose nariz nariz body enahta enahta nose Yamada 2010:730
old viejo velho quality penato penato an old one Courtz 2007:342
one uno um number o'win oʔwin one Yamada 2010:785
open/uncover abrir abrir other apurùmàka epuruʔmaɁka open Courtz 2007:236
other otro outro grammar wijamu wijamu other Yamada 2010:826
pain/painful/sick dolor, doloroso, enfermo dor, doloroso, doente body je'tumbe jeʔtumbe pain; hurt Yamada 2010:744
person/human being persona pessoa human kari'nja kariʔnja person; Kari'nja, Indian Yamada 2010:748
pound/beat machacar, golpear bater impact poponga popoŋa pound Yamada 2010:794
rain lluvia chuva environment konopo konopo rain Yamada 2010:751
red rojo vermelho colour tapire tapire red Yamada 2010:808
right/right hand derecha direita location/body apohtun apohtun right side; right hand Yamada 2010:715
road/path camino caminho manufacture oma oma path, road Courtz 2007:328
root raíz raiz flora mity mitɨ root Yamada 2010:772
rotten podrido podre quality tykota tɨkota rotten; spoiled Yamada 2010:816
sand arena areia environment sakau sakau sand Yamada 2010:800
say decir dizer mental ka ka say Yamada 2010:745
scratch rascar rasgar impact kaka kaka scratch; scrape Yamada 2010:746
see ver ver mental ene ene see Yamada 2010:730
sharp afilado, filudo, filoso afiado quality tyjeke tɨjeke sharp Yamada 2010:816
shoot tirar, disparar, balear atirar impact emo(ky) emo(kɨ) shoot; send; push Yamada 2010:729
short corto curto quality sanime sanime short Yamada 2010:801
shoulder hombro ombro body mota mota shoulder Courtz 2007:320
shy/ashamed tímido, vergonzoso timido, com vergonha mental pyi pɨi shyness; shame Yamada 2010:797
sit sentar(se) sentar state yhtupoi ɨhtupoi sit down on Yamada 2010:830
skin piel pele body pipo pip skin; bark Yamada 2010:791
sky cielo céu environment kapu kapu sky, heaven Courtz 2007:291
sleep dormir dormir body o'ny(ky) oʔnɨ(kɨ) sleep Yamada 2010:784
small pequeño pequeno quality imempoko imempoko small Yamada 2010:738
smoke humo fumaça environment aima aima smoke Yamada 2010:708
sniff/smell olfatear, oler cheirar body y'nory ɨʔnorɨ raw smell; smell Yamada 2010:831
spit escupir cuspir body etàta etahta spit; spew Courtz 2007:269
split partir, dividir rachar, dividir, partir impact araka araka split Yamada 2010:717
squeeze estrujar, exprimir espremer impact arymo arɨmo put in; squeeze Yamada 2010:719
stab/pierce apuñalar, acuchillar apunhalar impact puka puka pierce; stab Yamada 2010:796
stand estar de pié ficar em pé state awo(my) awo(mɨ) stand up; get up Yamada 2010:721
star estrella estrela environment siriko siriko star, year Courtz 2007:370
steal robar roubar other monata monata steal Yamada 2010:773
stick/wood palo pau, vara flora epy epɨ stick; stem; tree Yamada 2010:732
stone piedra pedra environment topu topu stone; heel; butt Yamada 2010:812
suck chupar chupar body susùka susuhka slurp, suck Courtz 2007:373
sun sol sol time weju weju sun Yamada 2010:825
sweat sudar suor, suar body eramuta eramuta sweat Yamada 2010:732
swell hincharse inchar body àmamy ahmamɨ swell Courtz 2007:222
swim nadar nadar motion yhponumy ɨhponumɨ swim Yamada 2010:830
tail cola, rabo rabo body andyky andɨkɨ tail Yamada 2010:713
that ese/esa esse grammar dati dati that Yamada 2010:725
thick grueso, gordo, espeso grosso quality typyime tɨpɨime thick Yamada 2010:818
thin delgado fino quality ipipije ipipije thin Yamada 2010:739
think pensar pensar mental ekanopy ekanopɨ think; believe; expect Yamada 2010:726
this este/esta este grammar ero ero this Yamada 2010:733
three tres tres number oruwa eruwa three Yamada 2010:784
throat garganta garganta body anàsa anaɁsa throat Courtz 2007:227
throw tirar, lanzar atirar, jogar impact ema ema throw Yamada 2010:727
thunder truenos trovão environment konomeru konomeru thunder Yamada 2010:751
tie up/fasten atar, amarrar amarrar impact etamy etamɨ lace up, tie up Courtz 2007:268
tongue lengua lingua body nuru nuru tongue Yamada 2010:782
tooth diente dente body je je tooth Yamada 2010:744
turn girar, volter, torcer virar other ewanama ewanama turn Yamada 2010:734
two dos dois number oko oko two Yamada 2010:783
vomit vomitar vomitar body uwena uwena vomit Yamada 2010:822
walk caminar, andar andar motion rama rama return; turn; walk Yamada 2010:798
water agua agua environment tuna tuna water; river Yamada 2010:814
wet mojado molhado quality kepu kepu wet Yamada 2010:749
what? que, qué que grammar oty otɨ what Yamada 2010:785
when? cuando quando grammar ohten ohten when Yamada 2010:782
where? donde onde grammar owe owe where Yamada 2010:785
white blanco branco colour tamune tamune white Yamada 2010:808
who? quien, quién quem grammar noky nokɨ somebody, who Courtz 2007:325
wife esposa esposa kinship pyty pɨtɨ wife Yamada 2010:798
wind viento vento environment pepeito pepeito wind Yamada 2010:790
wing ala asa body apori apori wing Courtz 2007:234
woman/female mujer mulher human woryi worɨi woman Yamada 2010:828
work trabajar trabalhar other emamin emamin work Yamada 2010:728
yawn bostezar bocejar body yntakapa ɨNtakapa open one's mouth, yawn Courtz 2007:435
yellow amarillo amarelo colour ihkiry ihkirɨ yellow Yamada 2010:737


Flora Fauna Vocabulary (138)
English Spanish Portuguese Semantic Field Part of Speech Linnean Name Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Etymology Notes Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Range of Term Word Structure Word Structure Notes Classifier Classifier Notes Hypernym Source Association with Social Categories Ritual/Mythologically Significant Ritual Notes Food Source Food Notes Medicinal Medicinal Notes How Collected Who Collects How Prepared Psychotropic Psychotropic Notes Traded Trade Notes Distribution Habitat Dangerous Ethnobiology Notes Species Notes General Notes
achiote, anatto achiote urucum flora-fauna Bixa orellana kusewe kusewe anatto Yamada 2010:756 secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens no
agouti (black agouti, black-rumped agouti) Guatusa Negra, Añuje, Agutí (black-rumped), picure, jochi colorado cutia flora-fauna Dasyprocta spp. akuri akuri agouti; rabbit Yamada 2010:710 no
alligator, black caiman babilla; cachirre jacaré flora-fauna Melanosuchus niger, Caiman schlerops; Paleosuchus sp. akare akare alligator Courtz 2007:217 Throughout Amazonia no?
Amazon dolphin bufeo, delfín, tonina (del Orinoco) boto cor-de-rosa flora-fauna Inia geoffrensis Downstream of major rapids and waterfalls no
Amazon tree-grape uva de monte, uvilla (Peru), puruma, caime, caimarona (and variants; Col.) cucura flora-fauna Pourouma cecropiifolia grows wild in Western Amazon basin; cultivated in Colombia since pre-Colombian times no
anaconda anaconda, boa, boa acuática grande sucuri flora-fauna genus Eunectes sikyryju sikɨrɨju anaconda Courtz 2007:368 Widespread Amazonia yes
angleworm lombriz minhoca flora-fauna order Opisthopora no
ant (generic) hormiga formiga flora-fauna Formicidae awatay awataɨ ant.sp Yamada 2010:721 no
anteater oso hormiguero; tapia pelejo or pelejo chico for Cyclopes didactylus tamanduá flora-fauna Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater); Cyclopes didactylus (silky anteater) tamanua tamanua anteater Yamada 2010:807 Widespread Amazonian lowlands no
armadillo armadillo, carachupa (Peru), yangunturi (Peru for Giant armadillo) tatu flora-fauna family Dasypodidae; e.g. Priodontes maximus (Giant armadillo), Dasypus novemcinctus, Dasypus kappleri manuraimo manuraɁmo giant armadillo Courtz 2007:313 Widespread in Amazonia no
arrow cane, wildcane caña flecha, caña brava, caña isana cana para flechas, frecheira, Cana-do-rio flora-fauna Gynerium sagittatum kamaruwa kamarua giant reed Courtz 2007:289 tropical regions, especially river banks no
avocado palta, aguacate abacate flora-fauna Persea americana awoka awoka avocado, alligator pear Courtz 2007:250 secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens no
açai palm huasí (Peru), asahi, manaca (Ven), asaí, palmiche (Colombia) açaí flora-fauna Euterpe sp. wasai wasai palm tree Courtz 2007:423 floodplains, swamp; esp. northern Amazonia no
banana, plantain banano, banana, cambur, bellaco, variedad de plátano banana flora-fauna Musa sp. paruru paruru banana Yamada 2010:788 no
bat murciélago morcego flora-fauna Chiroptera spp. rere rere bat Yamada 2010:799 no
beans frijoles, frejol, caraotas (negras, rojas, blancas) feijão flora-fauna Phaseolus spp. kumata kumata lima bean Courtz 2007:302 no
bird pajaro, ave passaro flora-fauna akere'i akereʔi bird Yamada 2010:709 no
bitterwood tortuga caspi, pretina (Peru for tree and tumpline); carahuasca (Peru) envira flora-fauna Duguetia sp. OR Fusaea longifolia OR Guatteria chrysopetala jarajara jarajara trumpet tree sp. Courtz 2007:284 secondary forests, native to Brazil no
black palm bacaba, mapora, pusui, patabá bacaba flora-fauna Oenocarpus bacaba kumu kumu palm tree sp. Courtz 2007:303 Mature forests of Rio Negro and Upper Amazon no
blowfly/housefly mosca mosca flora-fauna Diptera verevere verevere fly Courtz 2007:303 no
boa boa; mantona (red-tailed boa); boa de altura jiboia flora-fauna family Boidae, subf. Boinae iwoi iwoi boa constictor Courtz 2007:282 no
bottle-gourd (vine) or calabash (tree) calabazo, calabaza; auyama (Dominican Republic and Venezuela), ayote (parts of Central America), zapallo (parts of South America), tutumo/totumo/totuma (Cresc tree), huingo (Peru for Crescentia cujete), tapara cabaça flora-fauna Crescentia cujete (round variety - tree); (Cucurbita) Lagenaria siceraria (bottle variety - vine) kuwài kuwaɁi calabash sp., gourd sp., Courtz 2007:308 indigenous gardens no
brazil nut castaña castanha do para (B. excelsa); castanha de cutia (C. edulis) flora-fauna Bertholletia excelsa [cf. Couepia edulis 'castanha do cutia'] tutuka tutuka brazil nut, para nut Courtz 2007:394 1) Couepia: restricted area within Brazil, Rio Purus basin and middle Solimões. 2) Bertholletia: elev: consistently about 200m; mature forests. Widely distributed from Peru, E. Colombia, Brazil to Nicaragua. no
brown woolly monkey Mono Lanudo Común, Choro, Churucu, mono choro (Peru), mono lanudo cafe, barrigudo de Humboldt macaco barrigudo flora-fauna Lagothrix lagothricha no
bullet ant, lesser giant hunter ant conga, hormiga yanabe (Colombia), isula (Peru), Hormiga Veinticuatro tocandira flora-fauna Paraponera clavata juku juku lesser giant hunting ant Courtz 2007:288 yes
butterfly, moth mariposa borboleta flora-fauna order Lepidoptera paramparan paraNparan butterfly, moth Courtz 2007:337 no
capybara Capibara, Carpincho, Ronsoco capivara flora-fauna Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris kapìwa kapihwa capybara Courtz 2007:291 no
cará tuber, purple or white camote, sachapapa cará roxo, branco flora-fauna Dioscorea sp. pirisia pirisia asiatic yam Courtz 2007:346 secondary scrub vegetation; forest clearings no
cashew anarcado, castaña de cajú, nuez de la India, marañon, cajú, merey (Venezuela) caju flora-fauna Anacardium occidentale / giganteum oroi oroi cashew Courtz 2007:331 secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens no
cashew anarcado, castaña de cajú, nuez de la India, marañon, cajú, merey (Venezuela) caju flora-fauna Anacardium giganteum akajùu akajuɁu tree sp. Courtz 2007:217 Brazil, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela, Guyana no
centipede ciempiés centopéia flora-fauna class Chilopoda kumapepe kumapepe centipede Courtz 2007:302 no
cicada cigarra, chicharra cigarra flora-fauna super fam. Cicadoidea parijempo parijeNpo cicada Courtz 2007:339 no
cipó vine tamishi, bejuco, yare cipó flora-fauna Heteropsis spp. simosisi simosisi plant sp. Courtz 2007:369 secondary forest, floodplain no
coca coca coca flora-fauna Erythroxylum coca secondary scrub vegetation. lower alt. of eastern Andes no
cockroach cucaracha barata-do-mato flora-fauna order Blattaria arawe arawe cockroach Courtz 2007:238 no
collared peccary sajino, pecarí de collar, jabalf, Javelina, Saíno, Pecarí de Collar caititu, caetitu flora-fauna Pecari tajacu, Tayassu tajacu pakira pakira collared peccary Courtz 2007:334 no
cotamundi, coatimundi Coatí, Tejón, Achuni, zorro guache quati flora-fauna genus Nasua kuwasi kuwasi coati Courtz 2007:308 no
cotton algodón algodão flora-fauna Gossypium (barbadense: long fibers; hirsutum: short fibers) mauru mauru cotton plant Courtz 2007:315 secondary scrub vegetation no
crab cangrejo caranguejo flora-fauna infraorder Brachyura kusa kusa crab Yamada 2010:756 no
cricket saltón, grillo grilo flora-fauna family Gryllidae kyrysipo kɨrɨsipo cricket Courtz 2007:311 no
cunuri (tree) cunuri cunuri flora-fauna Cunurea spruceana Amazonia no
curassow mitu, montete (Peru), paujil/panjuil (Peru), paujil de Salvin (Peru for Mitu salvini) mutum flora-fauna Crax sp., Nothocrax sp. woko woko black curassow Courtz 2007:428 Amazonia no
deer venado veado, cariacu flora-fauna family Cervidae, esp. Odocoileus virginianus jakarawa jakarawa white-tailed deer Courtz 2007:282 no
deer venado veado, cariacu flora-fauna kusari kusari deer Yamada 2010:756
dog (camp, domestic) perro cachorro flora-fauna Canis famililaris peru peru dog Yamada 2010:790 Not native; widespread no
dog (camp, domestic) perro cachorro flora-fauna
dog (wild; bush dog) sachaperro, Perro de Monte, Zorro Vinagre, Guanfando; Zorro Ojizarco, Zorro Negro, Perro de Orejas Corta cachorro-do-mato flora-fauna Speothos venaticus; Atelocynus microtis àwo ahwo bush dog Courtz 2007:250 Widespread Amazonia no
dove paloma pomba flora-fauna family Columbidae apepe apepe dove Courtz 2007:231 no
duck pato pato, marreco flora-fauna Anatidae family kutuwa kutuwa duck Courtz 2007:308 no
edible palm-dwelling larva (palm weevil) suri, mojojoy larva, broca-do-coqueiro, aramandaiá flora-fauna Rhynchophorus sp. atukuma atukuma palm weevil larva Courtz 2007:247 no
electric eel anguila eléctrica poraquê flora-fauna Electrophorus electricus pyrake pɨrake electric eel, biceps Courtz 2007:356 yes
firefly, lightning bug lampírido, luciérnaga (Peru), añañahui (Peru), cocuyo (attributed Taino origin) vagalume flora-fauna fam: Elateridae, Fengodidae, Lampyridae pyju pɨju firefly Courtz 2007:355 no
fish (generic) pez peixe flora-fauna no
fish (large type) paiche, pirarucú o arapaima pirarucu flora-fauna Arapaima gigas warampaimo waraNpaimo fish sp. Courz 2007:422 big rivers only no
fish poison, barbasco barbasco, matapez (Colombia) timbó flora-fauna Lonchocarpus spp. ineku ineku poisonous liana sp. Courtz 2007:275 secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation yes [used to poison people]
flea pulga pulga flora-fauna order Siphonaptera kusipo kusipo flea Courtz 2007:307 no
genipap jagua, majagua - Colombia, caruto, xagua - Venezuela, bigrande - Bolivia, huito, yaguayagua - Peru, ygualti - Nicaragua, maluco - Mexico genipapo, jenipapo flora-fauna Genipapa americana tapurùpo tapuruɁpo tree sp., black colourng matter Courtz 2007:383 widespread lowland SA no
giant otter Lobo Grande de Río, nutria gigante, lutria ariranha flora-fauna Pteronura brasiliensis awarepùja awarepuhja giant otter Courtz 2007:248 no
grass hierba, pasto capim, grama flora-fauna (generic) woi woi savanna; grass Yamada 2010:827 no
gray-winged trumpeter Grulla, Trompetero Ala Gris jacamim flora-fauna Psophia crepitans akami akami grey-winged trumpeter Courtz 2007:216 Northern Amazonia (N of Solimões), not in northern Colombia; Dark-winged trumpeter is found south of Solimões no
great egret Garza Blanca, Guyratî Garça-Branca-Grande flora-fauna Ardea alba akaràu akaraɁu common egret Courtz 2007:217 Widespread South America no
green acouchi Guatín, Punchana, curi, picurito rabudo, picurito rabilargo cutiara flora-fauna Myoprocta pratti no
guan pava, pucacunga (Peru), pava de Spix (Peru) jacu flora-fauna Penelope sp. isokaisoka isokaisoka guan Courtz 2007:280 Different types have different localized ranges no
hallucinogenic snuff vilca, cebil, yopo paricá, yopo flora-fauna Anadenanthera sp. or virola
hallucinogenic vine, banisterium, ayahuasca ayahuasca, yage ayahuasca, caapi flora-fauna Banisteriopsis caapi semi-domesticated, native to Amazonian basin, esp. NW no
hawk halcón, gavilán gavião flora-fauna family Accipitridae pyjausi pɨjausi hawk Yamada 2010:798 no
honeybee abeja abelha flora-fauna Apis mellifera; Tetragonisca angustula; Trigona amazonensis wano wano stingless bee, honeybee, honey Courtz 2007:422 no
horse caballo cavalho flora-fauna Equus caballus kawari kawari horse Yamada 2010:749 no
hot pepper ají, pimentón/pimiento rojo, pucunucho (Peru), charapilla (Peru) pimenta flora-fauna Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens pomyi pomɨi pepper plant Courtz 2007:348 secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden no
howler monkey (red-handed) mono aullador, mono coto (Peru) guariba flora-fauna Alouatta belzebul [or other Alouatta sp.] arawawta arawawta howler monkey Courtz 2007:238 no
hummingbird colibrí, picaflor (Peru) beija-flor flora-fauna family Trochilidae jaremuna jaremuna hummingbird Courtz 2007:284 Widespread no
iguana iguana, garipiares (Colombia) camaleão flora-fauna Iguana sp. mokoro mokoro iguana Courtz 2007:318 no
inga guaba, guamo, guama, shimbillo (Peru) inga flora-fauna Inga spp. pajawa pajawa plant sp. Courtz 2007:334 Secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens. North and South America (Brazil, Peru, Bolivia, Suriname, Colombia) no
insect (generic) insecto insecto flora-fauna generic ekesiu ekesiu insect Yamada 2010:727 no
jaguar yaguar, yaguareté, jaguar, otorongo (Peru), tigre (Peru) onca flora-fauna Panthera onca paruruja paruruja jaguar Courtz 2010:339 yes
japurá oreja de murcielago japurá flora-fauna Erisma japura no
kapok ceiba, huimba, lupuna (Peru for Ceiba sp.) sumaumeira flora-fauna Ceiba pentandra kumaka kunaka silk cotton tree Courtz 2007:302 northern South America and central America; common in disturbed areas no
kingfisher martín pescador, catalan (Peru) martim-pescador flora-fauna family Alcedinidae kàwasi kahwasi kingfisher Courtz 2007:295 Widespread Amazonia no
leaf-cutter ant Colombia: zampopo, hormiga arriera; Venezuela: bachaco; Peru: curuhuinse saúva flora-fauna Atta sp. kumako kumako leaf cutter ant Courtz 2007:302 no
macaw ara, guacamaya Arara flora-fauna family Psittacidae; Ara sp. akaja akaja macaw Courtz 2007:216 Widespread Amazonia no
maize, corn mazorca, maiz milho flora-fauna Zea mays awasi awasi corn Courtz 2007:249 widespread, esp. in river floodplains no
manatee vaca marina, manatí peixe-boi flora-fauna Trichechus sp. jarawa jarawa manatee Courtz 2007:284 no
mandi catfish maparate (used in Peru for some types of catfish, including Auchenipterus sp.), cunchi (used in Peru for some types of catfish), bagre (catfish) mandi flora-fauna Auchenipterus sp. nuja nuja fish Courtz 2007:326 Widespread Amazonia no
manioc (bitter or generic) yuca brava mandioca flora-fauna Manihot esculenta kijere kijere cassave Courtz 2007:297 not generally cultivated in western (subAndean) Amazon. Arroyo-Kalin (2010) argues for a correlation with distribution of dark earths, mostly formed after 1AD, and the modeled-incised pottery tradition. no
manioc (sweet) yuca, caribe macaxeira flora-fauna Manihot esculenta jupo jupo sweet cassava Coutz 2007:288 Primary staple in western/subAndean Amazonia, less important elsewhere no
miriti palm moriche (Col, Ven), aguaje (Col, Peru), achual, miriti buriti flora-fauna Mauritia flexuosa myrysi mɨrɨsi palm tree, moriche palm, fruit Courtz 2007:323 Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Venezuela; in and near swamps no
mosquito mosquito, zancudo mosquito, carapana flora-fauna Anopheles sp. mako mako malaria mosquito Courtz 2007:312 no
moth mariposa nocturna, polilla mariposa flora-fauna order Lepidoptera paramparan paraNparan butterfly, moth Courtz 2007:337 no
mouse, rat ratón camundongo, rata flora-fauna Mus musculus kumpo kuNpo mouse, rat Courtz 2007:303 no
mushroom champiñón, hongo cogumelo flora-fauna (any edible generic) sapipi sapipi mushroom Courtz 2007:364 no
neotropical otter (small) Nutria, Lobo de Agua, lobito de rio, perro de agua (Colombia) lontra flora-fauna Lontra longicaudis saroro saroro southern river otter Courtz 2007:364 no
opossum zarigüeya, rabipelado, zorro, zorrillo mucura flora-fauna family Didelphidae aware aware apossum Courtz 2007:248 no
owl (large) búho, lechuza corujão flora-fauna order Strigiformes akorototo akorototo owl Coutz 2007:219 Widespread no
paca (lowland) Guanta, Paca, Majaz, majás (Peru), labba (Guyana) paca flora-fauna Cuniculus paca (Agouti paca is sometimes used as well although cuniculus is the correct term.) urana urana paca Courtz 2007:414 no
pacu fish palometa, garopita, garopa, curhuara (Peru) pacu flora-fauna Mylossoma sp. paku paku fish sp. Courtz 2007:335 no
palm for roof thatch pui, irapay, hoja de irapay, caraná caraná flora-fauna Mauritiella armata OR Lepidocaryum tenue (irapay), Mauritius carana tasi tasi palm Yamada 2010:809 Mauritia carana is limited principally to the Rio Negro and Upper Orinoco regions; dry catinga forests no
parrot loro real, loro (Sp. form is a loan from Carib) papagaio flora-fauna Amazona amazonica kurekure kurekure orange-winged parrot Courtz 2007:471 Widespread no
paxiuba palm pona, huacrapona, cashapona, macanilla, pachiuba paxiuba flora-fauna Iriartea exorrhiza OR Iriartea deltoidea pasiwy pasiwɨ palm tree Courtz 2007:340 Widespread Amazonia no
peach palm, pejibaye palm chontaduro (Col, Ecuador); pipire (Col); pijuayo (Peru), pijiguao (Ven); tembe (Bol) pupunha flora-fauna Bactris gasipaes amana, wiri, muruki, kurupiriwai amana, wiri (Bactris sp.), muruku (Bactris sp.), kurupiriwai (Bactris sp.) peach nut, peach palm [Bactris gasipaes (Palmae)] Courtz 2007:222, 458-9 no amana also refers to 'Amana river' and spirit related to river. Possible relationship to Arawak WW 'dolphin'?
peanut maní (may be loan from Taino Arawak), cacahuete amendoim flora-fauna Arachis hypogaea akunepy akunepɨ peanut, ground nut, earth nut Courtz 2007:220 no
pineapple piña abacaxi flora-fauna Ananas comosus nana nana pineapple Courtz 2007:323 no
pirana piraña, caribe piranha flora-fauna subfamily Serrasalmidae morokoto morokoto fish sp. Courtz 2007:319 Widespread Amazonia no [not in this region]
porcupine puerco espín, erizo (Peru), casha cushillo (Peru) cuandu, porco-espinho flora-fauna family Erethizontidae myryju mɨrɨju tree porcupine Courtz 2007:323 no
potato papa batata flora-fauna Solanum tuberosum secondary scrub vegetation no
potato, sweet potato camote, batata dulce, batata, cumara batata-doce flora-fauna Ipomoea batatas napi napi sweet potato Courtz 2007:324 no
praying mantis, stick insects mantis religiosa louva-a-deus flora-fauna order Mantodea, family Mantidae no
rubber tree (sorva) caucho, siringa, shiringa seringa, borracha flora-fauna Hevea sp. mapara mapara tree sp. Courtz 2007:313 Widespread Amazonia no
scorpion escorpión; alacran escorpião flora-fauna order Scorpiones sipiriri sipiriri scorpian Courtz 2007:370 yes
seje palm ungurahui (Peru), palma de seje, milpesos, patabá patoá, patuá flora-fauna Jessenia bataua, aka Oenocarpus bataua patawa patawa palm tree sp. Courtz 2007:340 mostly north of Equator; common in Amazonia no
sloth pereza, pelejo (Peru), perezoso (Peru) macaco preguica flora-fauna Choloepus sp., Bradypus sp. Widespread Amazonia no
small lizard lagartija calango flora-fauna order Squamata no
snail caracol, churo (Peru) caracol flora-fauna class Gastropoda atita atita snail Courtz 2007:246 no
snake (generic) culebra, serpiente cobra flora-fauna nohkan nohkan snake Yamada 2010:780 no
snake (poisonous generic) or rattlesnake víbora (Peru), jergón (Peru), yarara jararaca flora-fauna Bothrops jararaca/atrox kỳnoto kɨhnoto fer de lance Courtz 2007:310 Widespread South America yes
speckled catfish surubí, pintadillo surubim, sorubim flora-fauna Pseudoplatystoma sp. uruwi uruwi fish sp. Courtz 2007:416 Widespread Amazonia no
spider araña aranha flora-fauna Arachnidae, Araneae kupina kupina spider sp. Courtz 2007:304 no
squash calabaza, calabacines, auyamas, zapallos, huingo (Peru) abóbora flora-fauna Cucurbita sp. awỳjama awɨɁjama pumpkin, squash, vegetable marrow Courtz 2007:250 no
squirrel ardilla, danta (Ven) serelepe, quatipuru, esquilo flora-fauna family Sciuridae kysipuru kɨsipuru squirrel Courtz 2007:311 no
stingray (generic) rayas látigo, raya arraia flora-fauna Potamotrygon sp. no
tannia, yautia huitina (Peru), ñame taioba branca flora-fauna Xanthosoma spp. taja taja tannia, yautia, malanga Courtz 2007:376 no
tapir sachavaca, danta anta flora-fauna Tapirus terrestris maipuri maipuri tapir Yamada 2010:768 no
termites, white-ants comején (Peru), termitas cupim flora-fauna order Isoptera korotopu korotupu termite sp. Courtz 2007:301 no
tick garrapata carrapato flora-fauna superfam Ixodoidea kupari kupari tick Courtz 2007:304 no
tigerfish taraira, guabina, huasaco (Peru) traíra flora-fauna Hoplias sp. patakai patakai fish sp. Courtz 2007:340 Widespread Amazonia no
tinamou tinamu, perdiz, gallineta inambu, inhambu flora-fauna family Tinamidae inamu inamu tinamou Courtz 2007:275 Widespread Amazonia no
toad sapo sapo flora-fauna order Anura tutukuri tutukuri frog sp. Courtz 2007:395 no
tobacco tabaco tabaco flora-fauna Nicotiana tabacum kuraru kuraru tobacco plant sp. Courtz 2007:305 no
tortoise (red foot, yellow foot/giant) tortuga, morrocoy, motelo jabutí, tartaruga flora-fauna Yellow-footed: Geochelone denticulata; Red-footed: Geochelone carbonaria karume karume red-footed tortoise Courtz 2007:294 Widespread no
toucan tucán, pinsha (Peru) tucano flora-fauna Ramphastos sp. kujàke kujaɁke toucan Courtz 2007:301 Widespread Amazonia no
tree árbol arvore flora-fauna wewe wewe tree; wood; stick Courtz 2007:826 no
tufted capuchin monkey mono negro (Peru), Machín Negro, Maicero Cachón, mono maicero macaco prego flora-fauna Cebus apella meku meku brown capuchin monkey Courtz 2007:316 no
ucuqui yugo, caimitillo del monte (Peru) ucuqui flora-fauna Pouteria ucuqui native to NW Amazonia, found primarily in Vaupes and Caqueta regions no
vulture buitre, gallinazo, rinahui (Peru) urubu flora-fauna family Cathartidae anuwana anuwana king vulture Courtz 2007:230 Widespread South America no
wasp avispa; specific type: ronzapa/ronsapa caba flora-fauna order Hymenoptera, sub: Apocrita no
white-fronted capuchin Machín Blanco, mono blanco, Maicero Cariblanco, mono blanco (Peru) Caiarara flora-fauna Cebus albifrons no
white-fronted spider monkey Machin Blanco, Mono Araña de Vientre Amarillo, maquisapa (Peru), braceadora (Colombia) macaco aranha, coatá, quatá flora-fauna Ateles belzebuth/paniscus kuwata kuwata spider monkey, tarantula Courtz 2007:309 no
white-lipped peccary Chancho de Monte, Cariblanco, Huangana queixada flora-fauna Tayassu pecari pyinko pɨinko white-lipped peccary Courtz 2007:355 no
woodpecker pájaro carpintero, carpintero pica-pau flora-fauna family Picidae wetu wetu woodpecker Courtz 2007:427 Widespread Amazonia no


Cultural Vocabulary (106)
English Spanish Portuguese Semantic Field Part of Speech Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes Word Structure Word Structure Notes General Notes Source
afterworld, land of dead, Heaven tierra do los muertos terra dos mortos culture-mythology kapu kapu heaven Yamada 2010:747
arrow flecha flecha subsistence tool pyrywa pɨrɨwa arrow Yamada 2010:798
axe/stone axe hacha (de piedra) machado (de pedra) subsistence tool wywy wɨwɨ axe Courtz 2007:432
bait for fishing cebo, carnada para pescar, empate (Peru) isca subsistence tool beti beti bait Yamada 2010:724
basin/bowl tazón, plato hondo, taza tijela culture-material ka'pa kaʔpa basin Yamada 2010:747
basket (general) canasta, canasto, cesta cesto culture-material jamatu jamatu basket Yamada 2010:742
basket (general) canasta, canasto, cesta cesto culture-material kurukuru kurukuru basket Yamada 2010:756
basket, small canasta, canasto, cesta cesto pequeno, tampado culture-material
bead abalorio, mostacilla, cuenta, gota, puca; necklace=collar miçanga culture-material kasuru kasuru beads Yamada 2010:748
bed cama cama culture-material bedy bedɨ bed Yamada 2010:723
bench, seat banco, silla, asiento banco culture-material apony aponɨ seat; bench Yamada 2010:717
blowgun cerbatana, pucuna (Peru) zarabatana subsistence tool
boomerang/throwing stick (generic) subsistence tool
bottle botella garrafa acculturation pahtre pahtre bottle Yamada 2010:786
bottom grinding stone manufacture sepi sepi grindstone Courtz 2007:366
bow arco arco subsistence tool yrapa ɨrapa bow Yamada 2010:831
broom escoba vassoura culture-material paisawa paisawa broom Courtz 2007:334
canoe canoa canoa transport kurijara kurijara canoe Yamada 2010:755
cat gato gato acculturation pusi pusi cat Yamada 2010:797
chicken gallina galinha acculturation korotoko korotoko chicken Yamada 2010:752
chief/leader jefe, cacique chefe culture-mythology jopoto jopoto chief; boat Yamada 2010:745
clothing ropa roupa culture-mythology pangi paŋi clothing Yamada 2010:787
club garrote, cachiporra clava, porrete subsistence tool putu putu club Yamada 2010:797
coca coca coca flora-fauna
cook food food ỳmòka ɨhmoɁka boil, cook Courtz 2007:434
Curupira (spirit type) Curupira, Madremonte Curupira culture-mythology
dance (generic) culture-mythology uwa uwa dance Yamada 2010:822
dart (blowgun) dardo, birote (Peru), bala (Peru) dardo, seta subsistence tool
deity/powerful spirit/culture figure dios(es), deidad divinidade, figura mítica culture-mythology tamusi tamusi grandpa; God Yamada 2010:808
digging stick subsistence tool
digging stick subsistence tool
dream soñar sonhar mental wonety wonetɨ dream Yamada 2010:828
drum tambor tambor culture-mythology sambura sambura drum Yamada 2010:801
drum (large signal) tambor, manguaré, maguaré (Colombia) tambor culture
fan abanico abanador, abano subsistence tool po'manka poʔmanka fan; light Yamada 2010:794
feather headdress plumaje, corona de plumas enfeite/capacete de penas culture-mythology umari umari feather hat Yamada 2010:821
fence, palisade cerco cerca other jaran jaran fence, enclosure Courtz 2007:284
fermented drink masato, chicha caxiri, chicha culture kasiri kasiri manioc drink Yamada 2010:857
fetish, charm fetiche, encanto, filtro de amor, pusanga feitiço, puçanga culture-mythology moran moran magic, charm Courtz 2007:319
fireplace hogar lareira other
firewood leña lenha other ja'ty jaʔtɨ firewood Yamada 2010:744
fish (with fish-poison) pescar con barbasco, barbasquear pescar com timbó; tinguijar food
fish (with line) anzuelear, pescar con linea pescar (com linha) food
fish poison barbasco, matapez (Colombia) timbó subsistence tool ineku ineku fish poison Yamada 2010:739
fishing line cordel/cuerda p/ pescar, sedal, tanze linha de pesca subsistence tool syrysyry sɨrɨsɨrɨ fishing line Courtz 2007:374
fishtrap trampa de peces, trampa matapi, cacuri subsistence tool masiwa masiwa wooden fish trap Courtz 2007:316
flat bread, cassava bread pan de yuca, casabe/cazabe beiju food paja paja cassava bread; white cassava drink Courtz 2007:334
flour/meal from manioc fariña, mañoco (Venezuela); harina farinha food
flute flauta, quena (Peru) flauta culture-mythology kuwama kuwama bamboo sp, flute Yamada 2010:756
game animal caza, animal de caza caça, animal de caça food tonomy tonomɨ meat; animal Yamada 2010:812
genipap jagua, majagua - Colombia, caruto, xagua - Venezuela, bigrande - Bolivia, huito, yaguayagua - Peru, ygualti - Nicaragua, maluco - Mexico genipapo, jenipapo flora-fauna
ghost (of dead person)/evil spirit espíritu malo, espíritu maligno, fantasma, demonio espirito culture-mythology ahkaho akaho ghost Yamada 2010:707
gourd (dipper/bowl) cucharón, pate (Peru), totomo, totuma, totumo cuia subsistence tool pisawa pisawa gourd Yamada 2010:791
grater rallador, rallo ralador, ralo subsistence tool semari semari grater Yamada 2010:802
grave tumba, sepultura, sepulcro sepultura, sepulcro, cova culture-mythology
grid of sticks for smoking meat or placing objects (shelf) barbacoa jirau subsistence tool
griddle for cooking flatbread tiesto (Colombia), budare (Venezuela), tortera (Peru) forno para beiju subsistence tool arìnatu ariʔnatu baking-plate Courtz 2007:240
gun arma, escopeta espingarda, fusil acculturation rapa rapa gun Yamada 2010:799
hammock hamaca, chinchorro rede culture-material nimjoku nimjoku hammock Yamada 2010:778
hat sombero chapéu dress sampreru sampreru hat Yamada 2010:800
healer curandero benzador, curandeiro, kumu (Tukano) culture-mythology pyijai pɨijai shaman; traditional healer Yamada 2010:797
hollow log/trough for beer-making canoa para chicha cocho de caxiri narcotics kumykan kumɨkan cassava trough Courtz 2007:303
honey miel mel food awèn aweɁn honey Courtz 2007:249
house other auhto auhto house Yamada 2010:721
hunt cazar caçar food otaro otaro hunt Yamada 2010:784
knife cuchillo faca culture-material marija marija knife Yamada 2010:769
loincloth taparrabos, guayuco, pampanilla tanga, tapa-sexo dress
machete machete facão culture-material sumbara sumbara machete Yamada 2010:806
mortar mortero pilão subsistence tool ako ako mortar Yamada 2010:709
paddle/oar remo remo transport aimja aimja pattle Yamada 2010:708
paint body, body paint pintura corporal pintura corporal culture-mythology
panpipe carrizo, zampoñas, flautas de pan, rondadora caniço, flauta de pã culture-mythology werekusi werekusi panpipe Courtz 2007:425
paper papel papel acculturation kareta kareta paper, written document, book Courtz 2007:293
pestle pilón, mano de mortero, mazo, moledor mão de pilão subsistence tool ako tano ako tano pestle Courtz 2007:218
pipe for tobacco pipa cachimbo other paipa paipa pipe Courtz 2007:333
pipe for tobacco pipa cachimbo other paipa paipa pipe Courtz 2007:333
plate plato prato culture-material pereti pereti plate Yamada 2010:790
policeman polícia policía acculturation typepotyren tɨpepotɨren police officer Courtz 2007:403
pot olla, pote panela, vasilha subsistence tool tuma tuma pot; soup Yamada 2010:813
rattle matraca, maraca marico, chocalho culture-mythology maraka maraka rattle Yamada 2010:769
resin resina, brea, copal resina, brea, breu subsistence tool ajawa ajawa resin; torch Yamada 2010:708
ritual song cycle (kapiwaya) kapiwaya capiwaya culture-mythology
rope/string mecate, cuerda, soga corda culture ewa ewa rope Yamada 2010:734
salt sal sal food sowtu sowtu salt Yamada 2010:805
school escuela escola acculturation shitjoro ʃitjoro school Yamada 2010:804
shaman, healer chamán, brujo xaman, pajé, feiticeiro culture-mythology pyijai pɨijai shaman; traditional healer Yamada 2010:798
shoes zapatos sapatos dress sapato sapato shoe Courtz 2007:363
skirt falda, saya, fustan, pollera saia culture-material panki panki wastecloth, skirt Courtz 2007:336
soldier soldado soldado acculturation suntaty suNtatɨ soldier Courtz 2007:373
song (generic) canción, canto canção culture-mythology eremi eremi song Yamada 2010:732
spear lanza lança subsistence tool waita waita throwing-spear, javelin Courtz 2007:420
spearthrower subsistence tool
starch (tapioca, other) almidón goma de tapioca food
stone for lighting fires piedra para hacer fuego pedra para acender fogo culture-material
sugarcane/sugar azúcar, caña de azúcar açucar (de cana) acculturation asikaru asikaru sugar cane Yamada 2010:720
tapioca drink, mingau cahuana, caguana mingau food
tattoo tatuaje, tatu tatuagem culture-mythology papoty papotɨ carve the skin of, tattoo Courtz 2007:337
thatch/roof crisneja palha, caraná culture-material ahpei ahpei weave roof Yamada 2010:707
tipiti (manioc squeezer) tipiti, matafrio, sebucán, exprimador, prensa para yuca tipiti food matapi matapi manioc press Yamada 2010:770
tobacco (native) narcotics tamy tamɨ tobacco Yamada 2010:808
top grinding stone metate, mano; piedra de moler metate, mano manufacture sepi sepi grindstone, whet-stone Courtz 2007:366
tripod for washing manioc trípode tripé subsistence tool
venom for darts, poison veneno curare subsistence tool urari urari poison Yamada 2010:822
wax cera cera other manipùta manupuhta wax, candle Courtz 2007:313
woven strainer/sieve colador tejido, cedazo (Peru), cernedor (Peru) peneira, cumatá subsistence tool manare manare sieve Yamada 2010:768
yurupari, jurupari (or any flutes forbidden to women) yurupari jurupari culture-mythology