Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

porcupine

Semantic Field
flora-fauna
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
puerco espín, erizo (Peru), casha cushillo (Peru)
Meaning Portuguese
cuandu, porco-espinho

Languages

Language Linnean Name Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Etymology Notes Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Range of Term Word Structure Word Structure Notes Classifier Classifier Notes Hypernym Source Association with Social Categories Ritual/Mythologically Significant Ritual Notes Food Source Food Notes Medicinal Medicinal Notes How Collected Who Collects How Prepared Psychotropic Psychotropic Notes Traded Trade Notes Distribution Habitat Dangerous Ethnobiology Notes Species Notes General Notes
Akawaio family Erethizontidae aruu aru inheritance Northern Carib? (attested Pemon, Akawaio, Makushi, Wai Wai) East Tukanoan See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 no
Baniwa family Erethizontidae ñarrada (R95), jáaɻa (R01) ñarrada (R95), jáaɻa (R01) inheritance uncoded See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 no
Carijona family Erethizontidae wirika (R95) inheritance Unknown (attested Carijona, Eñepa) e.g. Desano /wáru/ See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 no
Cubeo family Erethizontidae varorʉ vaɾoɾɨ doubtful loan (into protolg?) East Tukanoan Carib, cf. Wai Wai waaro, also Yukuna walo uncoded See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 no
Dâw family Erethizontidae puùg pûg  inheritance underived See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 no
Desano family Erethizontidae wáru wáru doubtful loan (into protolg?) East Tukanoan Carib, cf. Wai Wai waaro, also Yukuna walo uncoded See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 no
Eñepa family Erethizontidae ijka, Var. wijka, wi'ka (MM) ihka, Var. wihka, wiʔka (MM) inheritance Unknown (attested Carijona, Eñepa) See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 no
Hodï family Erethizontidae uli jeme unique uncoded See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 no
Hup family Erethizontidae pǔg pǔg inheritance underived See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 no
Kakua family Erethizontidae [coendou bicolor- bicolor-spined porcupine] ʔî [coendou bicolor- bicolor-spined porcupine] unknown underived See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 no
Macaguan family Erethizontidae mʉkáp mɨkáp inheritance uncoded See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 no
Makushi family Erethizontidae árú árú inheritance Northern Carib? (attested Pemon, Akawaio, Makushi, Wai Wai) East Tukanoan e.g. Desano /wáru/ See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 no
Nheengatu family Erethizontidae kuãdú kuãdú inheritance Proto-Tupi-Guarani Reconstructed PTG Mello 2000 underived See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 no
Ninam family Erethizontidae hop@hi (gom) hopəhi (gom) inheritance uncoded See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 no
Maihiki family Erethizontidae toto ago toto ago inheritance West Tukanoan uncoded ago ago = feminine animate See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 no
Pemon family Erethizontidae aruu (E1980) aru (E1980) inheritance Northern Carib? (attested Pemon, Akawaio, Makushi, Wai Wai) East Tukanoan See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 no
Sanumá family Erethizontidae hiwala a, hoobɨ a hiwala a, ho:bɨ a inheritance uncoded See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 no
Sikuani family Erethizontidae tsala (rk83), maxëbë (rk83) (both coenda prehensilis) loan; inheritance Piapoco Piapoco tʃala; alternate word maxëbë (rk83) (inheritance) uncoded See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 no
Tariana family Erethizontidae yáːɾa jáːɾa inheritance Central North Arawak, Rio Negro Branch uncoded See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 no
Tukano family Erethizontidae wa'tô wa'tô doubtful loan (into protolg?) East Tukanoan Carib, cf. Wai Wai waaro, also Yukuna walo uncoded See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 no
Yanomami family Erethizontidae hiwara hiwaɾa inheritance underived See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 no
Yukuna family Erethizontidae wapuchi waputʃi unique uncoded See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 no
Yuhup family Erethizontidae pûg pûg inheritance underived See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 no
Achagua family Erethizontidae tʃáara tʃáara inheritance See Language page
Piapoco family Erethizontidae chála tʃála See Language page
Kabiyari family Erethizontidae tʃáara tʃáara See Language page
Yavitero family Erethizontidae wála wála See Language page
Paresi family Erethizontidae ko'liho ko'lihu unknown See Language page
Bora family Erethizontidae niijyáu (FS) niixjáu unique See Language page
Muinane family Erethizontidae dááráɨ, tánííniba (W97) dááráɨ, tánííniba See Language page
Wayana family Erethizontidae alu alu inheritance See Language page
Makiritare family Erethizontidae kidi'shu (KH) kidiʔʃu unique See Language page
Wai Wai family Erethizontidae waaro (SM) waaro (SM) doubtful loan, direction unknown cf. Yukuna, ET walo; possibly related to aru forms in other Carib, but 'w~ø' does not appear regular See Language page
Yukpa family Erethizontidae kúsara See Language page Phon only in source
Cuiva family Erethizontidae mʉxʉbʉ scientific name: coenda prehensilis; in Spanish: puercoespín/ cuerpo espino Kondo 1983:116
Cofán family Erethizontidae shinda ʃinda See Language page phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS
Candoshi-Shapra family Erethizontidae koro (Tuggy 1966) koro (Tuggy 1966) loan, direction unknown Jivaroan See Language page
Taushiro family Erethizontidae ae´uh aɨʔuh See Language page
Páez family Erethizontidae tou tou See Language page
Ashuar family Erethizontidae kúru kuru See Language page
Huambisa family Erethizontidae kuru kuru See Language page
Aguaruna family Erethizontidae kúju kúxu loan, direction unknown Candoshi See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect family Erethizontidae kakoːʃ unique See Language page
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect family Erethizontidae kakuːʃ See Language page
Matses family Erethizontidae isa isa inheritance/loan Tacanan? See Language page
Yagua family Erethizontidae judarasiy xũndarasij unique See Language page
Southern Pastaza Quechua family Erethizontidae tuyuru tujuɾu See Language page
Ingá family Erethizontidae michichin See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua family Erethizontidae casha aicha kaʃa aitʃa See Language page
Piaroa family Erethizontidae käya (coendou prehensilis), käriyäi (sphiggurus insidiosus) (R95) kæja (coendou prehensilis), kærijæi (sphiggurus insidiosus) (R95) unique See Language page
Sáliva family Erethizontidae llawa ʤawa doubtful loan Arawak See Language page
Carapana family Erethizontidae wãtõ wãtɔ̃ See Language page
Makuna family Erethizontidae wada sẽme wada sɛ̃mɛ doubtful loan (into protolg?) Carib, cf. Wai Wai waaro, also Yukuna walo See Language page
Koreguaje family Erethizontidae so'to soʔto inheritance See Language page
Siona family Erethizontidae so'to soʔto inheritance See Language page
Secoya family Erethizontidae so'to sɔʔtɔ See Language page
Karitiana family Erethizontidae koroko koɾoko unknown See Language page
Wayampi family Erethizontidae kwanu (G89) kwanu (G89) inheritance See Language page
Sirionó family Erethizontidae cuandu (P85) kuandu inheritance See Language page
Ocaina family Erethizontidae jinhñ̈ááhso, jovádyuna hiʔɲ̵ááʔso, hoβádʲɯ̃a unique See Language page
Murui Witoto family Erethizontidae juuco huuko (B83) unique See Language page
Iquito family Erethizontidae sicúja (Coendou prehensilis) sikúha (Coendou prehensilis) unique See Language page
Záparo family Erethizontidae munuri munuri See Language page
Wari family Erethizontidae pitop (Sousa2009) pitop (Sousa2009) See Language page
Cavineña family Erethizontidae iha (G71) iha (G71) See Language page
Central Aymara family Erethizontidae ch'aphi qamaqi (P04) tʃ'aphi qamaqi (P04) See Language page
Kwazá family Erethizontidae axu axu See Language page
Movima family Erethizontidae dudutus (J62) dudutus See Language page
Djeoromitxi family Erethizontidae kunĩ kunĩ See Language page
Kanamarí family Erethizontidae kawaro kawaro porco-espinho Magalhães 2018:357
Lokono family Erethizontidae aroro aroro porcupine Fanshawe 1949:59 no
Kariña family Erethizontidae myryju mɨrɨju tree porcupine Courtz 2007:323 no