Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

swim

Semantic Field
motion
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
nadar
Meaning Portuguese
nadar

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes Source Created By General Notes
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone pa-hapi” inheritance Jane Hill
Cahuilla panga waye- inheritance S&H 1979 Jane Hill
Central Sierra Miwok my:/ng- inheritance Jane Hill
Chemehuevi nava/ky inheritance Jane Hill
Chumash Barbareno 7aqiwywyn; B76:266 has aqiw-iwin inheritance Wash 2001:320 Jane Hill
Chumash Cruzeno 7alachu (?) unknown JPH Jane Hill
Chumash Ineseno aqiwywyn inheritance A 402 Jane Hill
Chumash Ventureno aqiwywy unknown JPH Jane Hill
Cocopa nu:p unknown Jane Hill
Comanche pahabity inheritance Jane Hill
Cupeño way-yax [wayax] inheritance Jane Hill
Gabrielino ke-yu-'r-e-yar-rahCH /kiyu/r7e yara/x/ unknown CHM/MC262 Jane Hill
Iipay 'Aa aapull [aˑˈpʊɫ] unknown Jane Hill
Kawaiisu paa-ge-nukwi- unique Jane Hill
Kiliwa xa7-h-paa unique Jane Hill
Kitanemuk pavacaj7e7 unique Jane Hill
Lake Miwok 7u/puh inheritance Jane Hill
Luiseño wa:ya- inheritance Jane Hill
Maidu pyje/to inheritance Jane Hill
Mojave 7ahaly a'oop=, uu'oop=(dive, swim) unknown Jane Hill
Mutsun yuya “swim, bathe” unknown NW (JPH) Jane Hill
Nisenan pic'i inheritance Jane Hill
Northern Paiute pa-hapi “water-lie (sg)” inheritance Thornes 03:453 Jane Hill
Northern Sierra Miwok 7ypsy- inheritance Jane Hill
Plains Miwok 72ps2- inheritance Jane Hill
Salinan A (k)La:/t'ne (A), unknown Jane Hill
Salinan M (k)La'patene unknown Mason 1918:143 Jane Hill
Seri (Comcaac) cacat unknown Jane Hill
Serrano hamiaqaT nakyT-k paav swim in the water inheritance R&E2000:333 Jane Hill
Southern Sierra Miwok 7yp-h- “swim around” inheritance Jane Hill
Southern Ute navaki inheritance Jane Hill
Tübatulabal paj7ich-yt unique Jane Hill
Tümpisa Shoshone nokoitsoih inheritance Jane Hill
Wappo c'e/se7 inheritance Jane Hill
Washo k'ujE- unknown J1958:204 Jane Hill
Western Mono pahabi- inheritance Jane Hill
Wintu dumca inheritance Jane Hill
Yavapai ?ha\...thpu/(:)yi, ?ha\cha/:vk ya/ki \ grave / acute th is theta unknown Jane Hill
Yokuts Yawdanchi ep K07:248 Jane Hill
Yokuts Yowlumne pe:li inheritance Golla 1964:65 Jane Hill
Yuki k'i(:)s- inheritance S&S1984 Jane Hill
Baniwa -aáxaa -aáʃaa inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B.
Carijona ekətərɨ inheritance See Language page Melody Ann Ross, Zach Burnett, PLE
Cubeo tayʉ tajɨ unique See Language page Kelsey Neely; Tanja Baeuerlein
Dâw çom cɔm inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., Pattie Epps
Desano baari baari inheritance See Language page Ana Paula; Tanja Baeuerlein
Eñepa akueʔ(-pɨ)(-pi) akueʔ(-pɨ)(-pi) inheritance See Language page Melody Ann Ross
Hodï ʰkʷei-ai unique See Language page Paulina Franco, Bettie Gonzalez
Waorani pãta unique See Language page Paulina Franco, Bettie Gonzalez, PLE
Hup j'ɔm-ham- ['bathe-go'] ɟ'ɔm-~hab- ['bathe-go'] inheritance See Language page Pattie Epps
Kakua jǎʔ unique See Language page Katherine Bolaños
Makushi u-pɨnɨnu (IDS) u-pɨnɨnu (IDS) inheritance See Language page Melody Ann Ross
Nheengatu witá witá inheritance See Language page John Blaha, Lauren Franklin
Ninam hele, hərə (EM72) hele, həɾə inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Nukak pɨgʔ4 teu4 unique See Language page Lauren Franklin
Maihiki biyayi (1st person singular) bijaji unknown See Language page Daniel Valle
Pemon puenun (A1981); atawa (M2000) puenun (A1981) inheritance See Language page Melody Ann Ross, Karina Baeza
Resígaro o?vápú oʔvápú inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B.
Sanumá helɨ (EM72) helɨ inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Sikuani jua (1), kotana (2) (to float), kotoba (2)(to float) inheritance; unknown See Language page Jonathan Quintanilla, Rebecca Khorram, PLE
Tariana áhya áhja inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B.
Tukano baasé baasé inheritance E Tuk See Language page Ana Paula, Amanda Novak
Kotiria ba'a (stenz rev) baʔa (stenz rev) inheritance E Tuk See Language page D. Jagannathan, Tanja Bauerlein
Yanomam pokatu, karɨ, hərə (EM72), kərə (EM72) pokatu, kaɾɨ, həɾə, kəɾə inheritance; inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Yanomami karə-ɨ (swim), niya-prao (dive), pokə-ɨ (float) kaɾə-ɨ (swim), nija-pɾao (dive), pokə-ɨ (float) inheritance; inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Yukuna i'iwapakaje iʔiwapakahe inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Yuhup c'ɔm ~c'ɔb inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., Pattie Epps
Arabana tarakanta inheritance Claire Bowern
Bardi boombool -inya- XXgl hit water with a splash bumbul -inya- inheritance Claire Bowern
Bunuba bayala- inheritance Claire Bowern
Burarra waywa doubtful loan Yolngu Claire Bowern
Dhangu waythun unknown Claire Bowern
Dhuwal rinydjupunum(a) Claire Bowern
Dhuwala watjkaḻyun unknown Claire Bowern
Diyari ngapunga- inheritance Claire Bowern
DiyariREU tarakanta loan Arabana Claire Bowern
Djambarrpuyngu [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Djapu [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Djinang yigili-gi unknown Claire Bowern
Gajirrabeng lilibbi unique Claire Bowern
Gooniyandi bayal- inheritance Claire Bowern
Gupapuyngu watjkaḻyun unknown Claire Bowern
Gurindji lilaj ya- loan Jaminjung Claire Bowern
Jaru julug ma- inheritance Claire Bowern
Jawi galguriny galguriny inheritance Claire Bowern
Karajarri walgoro inheritance Claire Bowern
Kija nyirreka unique Claire Bowern
Malyangapa Mal: kurrka- unique Claire Bowern
Mangala jawunarri (1) loan Nyikina Claire Bowern
Miriwung lilibbi unique Claire Bowern
Mithaka [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Mudburra lilaj (yan-durru) Claire Bowern
Mudburra lilaj ya- loan Claire Bowern
Ngamini kukuwalrra unique Claire Bowern
Ngandi worr-dhu unique Claire Bowern
Ngarluma buntha Claire Bowern
Ngumbarl kallooree yananginna <kallooree yananginna> inheritance Claire Bowern
Nhirrpi [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Nimanburru galgir galgir inheritance Claire Bowern
Northern Mangarla jawu Claire Bowern
Northern Nyangumarta mayampa pini- (V3) inheritance Claire Bowern
Nyangumarta nyimurljarra inheritance Claire Bowern
Nyikina jawu jawu inheritance Claire Bowern
Nyulnyul duburl XXngl probably goes with the 'fly' words duburl inheritance Claire Bowern
Paakantyi īga- unique Claire Bowern
Pirriya thupani unique Claire Bowern
Pitta-Pitta yurta unique Claire Bowern
Rirratjingu waḏapthun Claire Bowern
Ritharrngu warryun loan Claire Bowern
Walmajarri jawuma- inheritance Claire Bowern
Wangkayutyuru yurta- unique Claire Bowern
Warrwa jawu minjan XXngl swim you do jawu minjan inheritance Claire Bowern
Wubuy ngama inheritance? Claire Bowern
Yan-nhangu guŋgar'yun unknown Claire Bowern
Yandruwandha ngupa, ngupangupa, tanma, inheritance Claire Bowern
Yarluyandi yuruwa- doubtful loan Claire Bowern
Yawarrawarrka tarmindri loan Arabana Claire Bowern
Yawuru durrdyawkadya +ni durrjawkaja +ni unique Claire Bowern
Achagua jamara jamara unique See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Piapoco màlacawa màlakawa See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Kabiyari awápa awápa See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Yavitero ku'inta ku'inta See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Bare khumíd'a kʰumíd'a See Language page Ana Paula B.
Wapishana niutʰa-n niutʰa-n inheritance Proto North Arawak? See Language page Ana Paula B.
Wayuu ka-tɨna See Language page PLE Lit. 'to have arms' 04.310.
Yine ha-noha-ta See Language page PLE *Piro-Apuriná form is *hanohã-ta.
Paresi koaha 'bathe' koaha 'bathe' unknown See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Ignaciano -'awareka See Language page PLE
Trinitario #NAME? See Language page PLE
Baure haviak- haviak- inheritance See Language page Anissa Capuccino
Waurá ec̷una e¢una unknown See Language page Joyce McCormick
Arutani ša ʃa See Language page John Blaha
Sape pə pə See Language page John Blaha
Cha'palaa 'pi-šuin-'ge-nu See Language page PLE
Bora ixčʰi ixtʃʰi inheritance See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Muinane ísi-ʔi ísi-ʔi See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Akawaio/Ingariko dialect pënëmi pënëmi See Language page Lauren Franklin
Wayana toton-toton -ka toton-toton -ka unique See Language page PLE
Makiritare tɨwəʔhiyɨ (IDS) (Also hənɨn-nə; and tɨwəʔhiyɨ, with the sense of bathe, swim); tüwö'hiyü (KH) (also means 'to bathe') tɨwəʔhijɨ unique See Language page Melody Ann Ross, Karina Baeza
Mapoyo pënemi pɛnemi See Language page Melody Ann Ross
Wai Wai Φere-na-sɨ Φere-na-sɨ inheritance See Language page Melody Ann Ross
Yukpa kunípayi dʒo'popadʒe See Language page Ana Paula B., Melody Ann Ross
Muisca inyhyz agosqua inɨhɨtʂ aγoskua See Language page Daniel Valle
Barí arubisaḳããng See Language page PLE Colombia: ʔa'rugbisəkaynə.
Northern Emberá ṹndha ṹndha See Language page Jonathan Quintanilla, PLE
Epena kʰui- See Language page PLE Also means 'bathe'.
Guayabero how inheritance Proto-Guahiban See Language page Ana Paula B., Rebecca Khorram
Macaguan niát niát unknown See Language page Ana Paula B., Rebecca Khorram
Cuiva xuéiba, xuá nadar, swim Huber & Reed 1992:283 Rebecca Khorram
Cofán cca'yaye khaʔjajɛ See Language page Daniel Valle phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS
Candoshi-Shapra pamágamaana pamánkamaana unique See Language page Daniel Valle
Taushiro jo´que no´cuane´ne (to dive) xoʔkɨ noʔkuanɨʔnɨ See Language page Daniel Valle
Páez pehd- pehd- See Language page Daniel Valle
Tikuna ni2we3xe3 (A58) niweʔe unique See Language page Daniel Valle, Zach Burnett, PLE
Urarina fwiʨu fwitʃu unique See Language page Daniel Valle, PLE
Camsa xatʃbabána xatʃbabána See Language page Daniel Valle, Anissa Capuchino
Pumé uí rö tuá See Language page Paulina Franco, PLE
Puinave #NAME? #NAME? unique See Language page Daniel Valle, Zach Burnett
Máku lawa lawa See Language page PLE
Ashuar yukuáktin jukuaktin See Language page Daniel Valle
Huambisa yukuktasa jukuktasa See Language page Daniel Valle
Aguaruna yukumát jukumát inheritance See Language page Daniel Valle
Nadëb/Roçado dialect a-tó̱m inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., Pattie Epps
Matses capu, tantan kapu, tantan unknown See Language page Daniel Valle, Becky Walker
Kakataibo mɨɲo-ti See Language page PLE *Panoan *nona-; *nono-.
Katukina nona See Language page PLE
Shipibo-Konibo sɨna; nono- See Language page PLE
Yaminahua topiti aki See Language page PLE
Chácobo aši-; nono- aši-; nono- inheritance See Language page Joyce McCormick
Yagua nuniy nũnij doubtful loan Panoan See Language page Daniel Valle
Southern Pastaza Quechua waytana wajtana See Language page Daniel Valle
Ingá waitai waitai See Language page Daniel Valle
Napo Lowland Quichua huaitana waitana See Language page Daniel Valle
Quechua Ayacuchano nadyay (Spanish loan?) nadyaj (Spanish loan?) See Language page Daniel Valle, PLE
Piaroa wechapu wetʃtapũ inheritance See Language page Amanda Novak, Becky Walker
Sáliva weajaha weahaʔa inheritance See Language page Becky Walker
Bará báa See Language page Kelsey Neely, Tanja Baeuerlein
Barasano baahe-re baahe-re See Language page D. Jagannathan, Tanja Baeuerlein
Carapana baarique baaɾikɛ See Language page Amanda Novak, Tanja Baeuerlein
Makuna bati-re, ~ahu-re (underwater) bati-re, ~ahu-re (underwater) inheritance See Language page Amanda Novak, D. Jagannathan, Tanja Bauerlein
Yuruti 'báa- 'báa- See Language page Ana Paula; Tanja Baeuerlein
Waikhana ba- ba- See Language page Ana Paula; Tanja Baeuerlein
Siriano bá-rí bá-rí See Language page Ana Paula, Kelsey Neely
Tanimuca barí ri'ka barí ri'ka inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Tatuyo báa- báa- See Language page Emily Buell, Paulina Franco
Tuyuka 'baa ʔbaa See Language page D. Jagannathan, Paulina Franco, Ana Paula B.
Waimaja báàwá báàwá See Language page Kelsey Neely
Koreguaje chu'amʉ dʒuʔamʉ inheritance See Language page Daniel Valle
Siona yiʔwa-hi jiʔwa-hi inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Secoya mamiñe mãmĩñɛ̃ See Language page Amanda N
Karitiana taktag taktag unknown See Language page Daniel Valle
Kokama ɨata ɨata inheritance See Language page Zach Burnett, Daniel Valle
Wayampi -ɨa -ɨa inheritance See Language page PLE
Aché wewo unique See Language page PLE
Chiriguano ɨta inheritance See Language page PLE
Paraguayan Guaraní ɨta See Language page PLE
Sirionó ita ita inheritance See Language page Joyce McCormick, Becky Walker
Kamayurá ˀɨtap ˀɨtap inheritance See Language page Rebekah L. Evans
Ocaina oonhon õõʔõ inheritance See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Nɨpode Witoto ḯ.ï-de ɯ́.ɯ-dɛ See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz
Minica Witoto ḯ.ï-de ɯ́.ɯ-dɛ See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz
Murui Witoto ï.ï-de ɯ.ɯ-dɛ inheritance See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Iquito musiini musiini unique See Language page Cynthia Hansen
Záparo ukanu ukanu See Language page Becky Walker
Wari panʔ kam, panʔ karakam panʔ kam, panʔ karakam See Language page PLE
Araona waoti See Language page PLE *Tacn form is *bec̷a-. Cf. 'fly' 10.370.
Ese Ejja šokʷi-šokʷi- unique See Language page PLE
Ese Ejja/Huarayo šokwi-šokwi-kwe šokwi-šokwi-kwe See Language page Joyce McCormick
Tacana bec̷a- See Language page PLE
Cavineña bec̷a-ya beča-ya inheritance See Language page Joyce McCormick, Becky Walker
Central Aymara tuyuña tuyu-ɲa See Language page PLE
Cayuvava taβu See Language page PLE
Itonama paʔalɨʔte See Language page PLE
Kwazá tsũ- tsũ- See Language page Joyce McCormick
Mosetén-Chimané 'naiki See Language page Joyce McCormick, PLE
Movima ko-ma-lo ko-ma-lo See Language page Anissa Capuccino, Becky Walker
Trumai (ha) laf (ha) laf unique See Language page Rebekah L. Evans, PLE
Kaingang tũgnũm mro; tũŋnũm See Language page PLE
Suyá rér rér See Language page Rebekah Evans
Karajá obunɨ See Language page PLE
Djeoromitxi bziruiwa bziruiwa See Language page PLE
Mocoví y-oʔʁon-ta See Language page PLE Lit. '3p actor-swim-continuative'.
Pilagá d-a'loʁon See Language page PLE
Toba d-aloʁon See Language page PLE
Lengua #NAME? See Language page PLE yiŋmin is 'water'.
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité akmama yimin See Language page PLE Also akwanki mama yimin.
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet neŋmaam yeŋmen See Language page PLE
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay tˀi'lin See Language page PLE
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja -pan ~ -pyen See Language page PLE
Maca #NAME? See Language page PLE
Nivaclé -ɔʔk-apeʔ; yič-ʔapee swim; swim https://ids.clld.org/ PLE
Ayoreo i'hi tutu'ne See Language page PLE See 05.560. Also ĩiri'gi-hi yoo'di gaay 10.470; the sound of one swimming is čo tũ tũ.
Mapudungun weyel̯ɨ See Language page PLE Ranquel form is weyɨl-.
Qawasqar lalas See Language page PLE Sk records elpay for Central QWS. Fi, Hy records lempay for South QWS.
Selknam m-yew See Language page PLE
Tehuelche 'šāg-he- See Language page PLE Cf. 'wash' 09.360.
Lokono thimin tʰimin swim Pet 1987:373 Camille Unger
Kariña yhponumy ɨhponumɨ swim Yamada 2010:830 Camille Unger