Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

Gajirrabeng

Family
Jarakan
Region
Australia
ISO 639-3
gdh
Location
0.00°, 0.00°
Notes
Features
Basic Vocabulary
Flora Fauna Vocabulary
Cultural Vocabulary
Ethnographic Information
Data Sources
none


Basic Vocabulary (185)
English Spanish Portuguese Semantic Field Part of Speech Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes Source Created By
above encima, arriba acima location gendeng loan Ngarinyin Claire Bowern
again de nuevo, otra vez de novo grammar beri inheritance Claire Bowern
all todo todos other X unique Claire Bowern
and y e grammar X missing Claire Bowern
ankle tobillo tornozelo body X Claire Bowern
armpit axila, sobaco axila body woontheng unique Claire Bowern
ash ceniza(s) cinzas environment boonang loan Ngarinyin Claire Bowern
at en, a em, a location m inheritance Claire Bowern
back espalda costas body ngagaj unique NJ Claire Bowern
bad mal mal quality gerlbegang unique NJ Claire Bowern
belly barriga barriga body ngaroong Claire Bowern
below abajo, debajo abaixo location yiligi inheritance Claire Bowern
big grande grande quality ngerrgebiyab Claire Bowern
bite morder morder body boo unique Claire Bowern
black negro preto colour thegoobeli- Claire Bowern
blood sangre sangue body garrngan unique NJ Claire Bowern
blow soplar soprar body boomib inheritance Claire Bowern
boil/pimple espinilla, granos espinha, borbulha body boorlgeng unique ?NJ Claire Bowern
bone hueso osso body yarriny inheritance Claire Bowern
breast pecho, seno peito body ngabeleng loan NGY Claire Bowern
breathe respirar respirar body ngany inheritance Claire Bowern
burn quemar queimar environment jagabbe unique Claire Bowern
chew masticar, mascar mastigar body jang inheritance Claire Bowern
child niño, niña criança human woolooleng inheritance Claire Bowern
climb subir subir motion berdin inheritance Claire Bowern
cloud nube nuvem environment ngoomelng inheritance Claire Bowern
cold frío frio quality warnka inheritance Claire Bowern
come venir vir motion dooloolb unique Claire Bowern
cook cocinar cozinhar impact nalib unique Claire Bowern
correct/true verdad, de veras verdade quality yijeng inheritance Claire Bowern
count contar contar mental X Claire Bowern
cry llorar chorar mental nyurrinybe inheritance Claire Bowern
cut/hack cortar cortar impact gad inheritance Claire Bowern
day día dia time X Claire Bowern
die/be dead morir morrer state dijbel unique Claire Bowern
dig cavar cavar impact goorraj loan Jaminjung Claire Bowern
dingo/wolf fauna jimirrang inheritance Claire Bowern
dirty sucio sujo quality X Claire Bowern
dream soñar sonhar mental gooning inheritance Claire Bowern
drink beber, tomar beber body gurl inheritance Claire Bowern
dry seco seco quality dilboo inheritance Claire Bowern
dull/blunt sin filo, mocho, desafilado, embotado, romo maçante, desamolado, não afiado quality thalboong unique NJ Claire Bowern
dust polvo poeira environment joordoong loan NGY Claire Bowern
ear oreja orelha body ngarnderrang unique NJ Claire Bowern
earth/soil tierra terra environment yalwang unique Claire Bowern
eat comer comer body jangab inheritance Claire Bowern
egg huevo ovo fauna gerdewoolng inheritance Claire Bowern
eye ojo olho body moorlng inheritance Claire Bowern
faeces heces, mierda, excremento, estiércol fezes body googeng unique NJ Claire Bowern
fall caer cair motion berdbaj unique Claire Bowern
far lejos longe quality marrim inheritance Claire Bowern
fat/grease grasa gordura body meloonggeng inheritance Claire Bowern
father padre, papá pai kinship ngabang inheritance Claire Bowern
fear miedo medo mental jilba inheritance Claire Bowern
feather pluma pena fauna minjalng inheritance Claire Bowern
fire fuego fogo environment marneng inheritance Claire Bowern
fish xx xx fauna goondarring inheritance Claire Bowern
flow fluir fluir motion X missing Claire Bowern
flower flor flor environment thawaleng inheritance Claire Bowern
fly volar voar motion birrwaroo unique Claire Bowern
fog niebla, neblina nevoeira, bruma, neblina environment yandalng unique Claire Bowern
foot pie pé body yambalng inheritance Claire Bowern
fruit fruta fruta flora maying inheritance Claire Bowern
good bueno bom quality ngoondengi- unique NJ Claire Bowern
grow crecer crescer state namoo unique Claire Bowern
hair (of head) cabello cabelo body yambarrang inheritance Claire Bowern
hand mano mão body marlang loan NGY Claire Bowern
3sg el/ella ele/ela grammar nawoo inheritance Claire Bowern
head cabeza cabeça body gemerndeng unique Claire Bowern
hear oír ouvir mental rangka inheritance Claire Bowern
heavy pesado pesado quality dinymerrng unique NJ Claire Bowern
hide esconder esconder motion woorlaj unique NJ Claire Bowern
hit golpear, pegar bater impact deb unique NJ Claire Bowern
hold correr, asegurar, sostener segurar other roo unique Claire Bowern
how? como como grammar gawoob inheritance Claire Bowern
1sg yo eu grammar genya inheritance Claire Bowern
if si se grammar X Claire Bowern
in/inside dentro, adentro dentro location wootheb unique Claire Bowern
intestines intestinos intestinos body jarembelng unique Claire Bowern
itch hormiguear, sentir comezón coçar body yirr unique Claire Bowern
kill matar matar impact deb unique Claire Bowern
know/be knowledgeable saber, conecer saber, conhecer mental mil unique NJ Claire Bowern
lake lago lago environment baliboong loan Claire Bowern
laugh reír rir mental garlgarlb inheritance Claire Bowern
leaf hoja folha environment jalying loan NGY Claire Bowern
left/left hand izquierdo esquerdo location/body waroogoong inheritance Claire Bowern
leg/foot pierna perna body yambalng inheritance Claire Bowern
lie down acostarse, echarse deitar motion yoog inheritance Claire Bowern
lightning rayo, relámpago relampago environment jimilwiring inheritance Claire Bowern
live/be alive vivir viver, morar body mooling unique NJ Claire Bowern
liver hígado figado body jiyab loan Jaminjung Claire Bowern
long largo comprido, longo quality joorrgooyile- inheritance Claire Bowern
louse piollo, piojo piolho fauna yalalang unique NJ Claire Bowern
lung pulmón pulmão body jawarrgang loan Jaminjung Claire Bowern
man/male hombre homem human jiwoogeng inheritance Claire Bowern
meat/flesh carne carne fauna ngardin inheritance Claire Bowern
moon luna lua environment garngeng inheritance Claire Bowern
mother madre, mamá mãe kinship ngarrang loan Ngarinyin Claire Bowern
mouth boca boca body theberndang inheritance Claire Bowern
name nombre nome human yinginy inheritance Claire Bowern
nape base del cuello, nuca nuca body dooweng unique NJ Claire Bowern
near/close cerca de perto quality thangan unique Claire Bowern
neck cuello pescoço body jirdoowing unique NJ Claire Bowern
new nuevo novo quality gelengeng inheritance Claire Bowern
night noche noite time merdbem unique Claire Bowern
no/not no não grammar ngoowa inheritance Claire Bowern
nose nariz nariz body nyoomboorrng inheritance Claire Bowern
old viejo velho quality gerlilebgi- unique Claire Bowern
one uno um number jerrawiyang inheritance Claire Bowern
open/uncover abrir abrir other beng unique Claire Bowern
other otro outro grammar jerrawoo inheritance Claire Bowern
pain/painful/sick dolor, doloroso, enfermo dor, doloroso, doente body warrebeng inheritance Claire Bowern
person/human being persona pessoa human jiwoogeng inheritance Claire Bowern
pound/beat machacar, golpear bater impact dilybe unique Claire Bowern
rain lluvia chuva environment jileloorng unique Claire Bowern
red rojo vermelho colour ngenhengbe- inheritance Claire Bowern
right/right hand derecha direita location/body dalgegany unique Claire Bowern
road/path camino caminho manufacture banan inheritance Claire Bowern
root raíz raiz flora lengkaleng loan Ngarinyin Claire Bowern
rotten podrido podre quality bagoorlng unique Claire Bowern
sand arena areia environment rerrabal inheritance Claire Bowern
say decir dizer mental yirrg unique Claire Bowern
scratch rascar rasgar impact yigarr unique Claire Bowern
see ver ver mental derd unique NJ Claire Bowern
sharp afilado, filudo, filoso afiado quality jalgoorrng unique NJ Claire Bowern
shoot tirar, disparar, balear atirar impact thelpawoo inheritance Claire Bowern
short corto curto quality nhenmoong unique Claire Bowern
shoulder hombro ombro body labardeng inheritance Claire Bowern
shy/ashamed tímido, vergonzoso timido, com vergonha mental jilpa inheritance Claire Bowern
sit sentar(se) sentar state beloo unique Claire Bowern
skin piel pele body therrawoo unique Claire Bowern
sky cielo céu environment ngandongoorroong unique NJ Claire Bowern
sleep dormir dormir body yoog unique Claire Bowern
small pequeño pequeno quality woothoong unique NJ Claire Bowern
smoke humo fumaça environment genginy inheritance Claire Bowern
sniff/smell olfatear, oler cheirar body ngooyi unique NJ Claire Bowern
spit escupir cuspir body thebag inheritance Claire Bowern
split partir, dividir rachar, dividir, partir impact lag inheritance Claire Bowern
squeeze estrujar, exprimir espremer impact X missing Claire Bowern
stab/pierce apuñalar, acuchillar apunhalar impact loorrg unique NJ Claire Bowern
stand estar de pié ficar em pé state bare unique NJ Claire Bowern
star estrella estrela environment thamberralng unique NJ Claire Bowern
steal robar roubar other thoowoorrb unique NJ Claire Bowern
stick/wood palo pau, vara flora goolbeng inheritance Claire Bowern
stone piedra pedra environment gerany inheritance Claire Bowern
suck chupar chupar body joong inheritance Claire Bowern
sweat sudar suor, suar body jirrileb unique NJ Claire Bowern
swell hincharse inchar body lemboorr loan Ngarinyin Claire Bowern
swim nadar nadar motion lilibbi unique Claire Bowern
tail cola, rabo rabo body nyawang inheritance Claire Bowern
that ese/esa esse grammar nganja inheritance Claire Bowern
3pl ellos/ellas eles/elas grammar boorroo inheritance Claire Bowern
thick grueso, gordo, espeso grosso quality X missing Claire Bowern
thin delgado fino quality goolalng unique Claire Bowern
think pensar pensar mental girr unique Claire Bowern
this este/esta este grammar ngajani- inheritance Claire Bowern
2sg xx xx grammar genyeng inheritance Claire Bowern
three tres tres number merrgern inheritance Claire Bowern
throat garganta garganta body ngerlthegang unique Claire Bowern
throw tirar, lanzar atirar, jogar impact ngerr unique Claire Bowern
thunder truenos trovão environment deroorr unique Claire Bowern
tie up/fasten atar, amarrar amarrar impact derlmerd unique Claire Bowern
tongue lengua lingua body thalalang inheritance Claire Bowern
tooth diente dente body therrbiny inheritance Claire Bowern
turn girar, volter, torcer virar other leberrg unique NJ Claire Bowern
two dos dois number ganggoob unique NJ Claire Bowern
vomit vomitar vomitar body yooroojbe unique Claire Bowern
walk caminar, andar andar motion marreng inheritance Claire Bowern
water agua agua environment gabeng unique Claire Bowern
1pl.excl nosotros (exclusivo) nós (exclusivo) grammar giyarr inheritance Claire Bowern
1pl.incl nosotros (inclusivo) nós (inclusivo) grammar giya inheritance Claire Bowern
wet mojado molhado quality gejoong inheritance Claire Bowern
what? que, qué que grammar garna inheritance Claire Bowern
when? cuando quando grammar gawoothag inheritance Claire Bowern
where? donde onde grammar gama unique NJ Claire Bowern
white blanco branco colour bilgirri-mawoong unique Claire Bowern
who? quien, quién quem grammar yangal inheritance Claire Bowern
wife esposa esposa kinship mageny unique Claire Bowern
wind viento vento environment goonkirring inheritance Claire Bowern
wing ala asa body bardang unique NJ Claire Bowern
woman/female mujer mulher human gabeleng inheritance Claire Bowern
work trabajar trabalhar other X Claire Bowern
yawn bostezar bocejar body thaberayi unique NJ Claire Bowern
yellow amarillo amarelo colour goondalng inheritance Claire Bowern
2pl ustedes vocês grammar genyegerr inheritance Claire Bowern


Flora Fauna Vocabulary (136)
English Spanish Portuguese Semantic Field Part of Speech Linnean Name Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Etymology Notes Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Range of Term Word Structure Word Structure Notes Classifier Classifier Notes Hypernym Source Association with Social Categories Ritual/Mythologically Significant Ritual Notes Food Source Food Notes Medicinal Medicinal Notes How Collected Who Collects How Prepared Psychotropic Psychotropic Notes Traded Trade Notes Distribution Habitat Dangerous Ethnobiology Notes Species Notes General Notes Created By
agile wallaby, river wallaby flora-fauna Macropus agilis warlbawoong warlpawoong inheritance warlpawu Jarragan also wunparrngeng underived 0 1 0 0 0 no
ant (generic) hormiga formiga flora-fauna Formicidae mejoong mejung unique underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
Australian pelican flora-fauna Pelecanus conspicillatus marri-marring marri-marring unique underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
Australian snubfin dolphin flora-fauna Orcaella heinsohnii missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
baler shell flora-fauna Melo amphora gelalang kelalang unique underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
bandicoot flora-fauna Peramelemorphia missing 0 0 0 0 0
barn owl flora-fauna Tyto alba riyirrng riyirrng boobook owl unique underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
barramundi flora-fauna Lates calcarifer jaliwang tyaliwang inheritance tyaliwa Jarragan Kija tayiwu also <*tyaliwV underived 1 1 0 0 0 no
bat murciélago morcego flora-fauna Chiroptera spp barnkalng parnkalng, inheritance parnkal Jarragan borrowed into Bu, Walm etc; also binytyirripiny WW %parnkal underived 0 1 0 0 0 no
bindii, caltrop flora-fauna Tribulus terrestris missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
bird pajaro, ave passaro flora-fauna jigeng tyikeng inheritance tyirike Jarragan WW als tyurlak WW %tyiriki underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
black-breasted buzzard flora-fauna Hamirostra melanosternon missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
black-faced cuckoo-shrike flora-fauna Coracina novaehollandiae missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
black-headed python flora-fauna Aspidites melanocephalus jijigang tyityikang python unique underived 0 2 0 0 0 no
black-soil yam flora-fauna Ipomoea diamantinensis missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
bloodwood flora-fauna Eucalyptus (Corymbia) bleeseri thelinyjeng thelinytyeng brittle range gum' E.aspera=desert bloodwood inheritance thelinytye Jarragan underived 0 1 1 0 0 no
blowfly maggots flora-fauna Diptera, Sarcophagidae missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
blue-tongue lizard flora-fauna Tiliqua species lemoogeng lemukeng inheritance lumuku Jarragan WW %luma underived 0 1 0 0 0 no
blue-winged kookaburra flora-fauna Dacelo leachii thelagoorroong thelakoorroong inheritance thelkakurrung Jarragan WW %tyalkururru underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
bluebone flora-fauna Choerodon cyanodus missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
brolga flora-fauna Grus rubicunda goorrandalng goorrandalng inheritance kurrantal Jarragan WW; also goorroodeng WW %kurrantal underived 1 0 0 0 0 no
brown goshawk flora-fauna Accipiter fasciatus missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
brush-tailed possum flora-fauna Trichosurus vulpecula gooman kuman unique underived 0 1 0 0 0 no
bush cockroach flora-fauna (many species) missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
bush stone-curlew flora-fauna Burhinus grallarius windoong wintung inheritance wirntiku Jarragan WW; loss of k unusual fro conservative Kaj WW %wintuku underived 1 0 0 0 0 no
bush tobacco flora-fauna Lobelia quadrangularis walayerrang walayerrang inheritance walayarra Jarragan unclear if bush or Eur tobacco WW %walayarra underived 0 0 0 1 0 no
bush turkey, Australian bustard flora-fauna Ardeotis australis jamood tyamut inheritance tyamut Jarragan no Jarr ending WW %tyamut underived 0 1 0 0 0 no
bush yam flora-fauna Vigna lanceolata var. lanceolata thelabeng thelapeng long yam. Dioscorea transversa unique underived 0 1 2 0 1 no
butterfly, moth mariposa borboleta flora-fauna Lepidoptera missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
carpet snake flora-fauna Morelia spilota missing missing python missing 0 1 0 0 0
caterpillar flora-fauna Lepidoptera missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
catfish flora-fauna (many species) jajan tyatyan inheritance tyatyan Jarragan underived 0 1 0 0 0 no
centipede ciempiés centopéia flora-fauna Chilopoda, Myriapoda birrgoolang pirrkurlang inheritance pirrkurla Jarragan underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
channel-billed cuckoo flora-fauna Scythops novaehollandiae goorrawoorreng kurrawurreng inheritance kurrakurra Jarragan unexpected lenition in Kaj not in Kija WW %kurrakurra reduplicated 0 0 0 0 0 no
crested pigeon flora-fauna Ocyphaps lophotes missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
darter/cormorant flora-fauna Anhinga melanogaster, Phalacrocorax species wangganbang, barrag-barrag wangkanpang, parrak-parrak unique underived 0 1 0 0 0 no
death adder, five-minute snake flora-fauna Acanthophis praelongus boonalgang punalkang unique underived 0 0 0 0 0 yes
dingo flora-fauna Canis familiaris dingo jimirrang tyimirrang inheritance tyimirra Jarragan underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
dog (camp, domestic) perro cachorro flora-fauna Canis familiaris joolang tyulang inheritance tyula Jarragan cf. Worrorran dela underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
duck pato pato, marreco flora-fauna Anatidae tyipeleng tyipeleng loan into protolanguage tyipiyluku Jarragan Mirndi Mirndi form kipilyuku earlier WW %tyipily underived 0 1 0 0 0 no
dugong flora-fauna Dugon dugong missing missing 1 1 0 0 0 no
earthworm flora-fauna Annelida, Oligochaeta missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
emu flora-fauna Dromaius novaehollandiae majoogoong majukung inheritance majuku Jarragan underived 2 1 2 0 0 no
fish (generic) pez peixe flora-fauna goondarring kuntarring inheritance kurntarri Jarragan also belegeggeng, jirrgelng underived 0 1 0 0 0 N/A
flower flora-fauna (NA) thawaleng thawaleng inheritance thawala Jarragan underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
blowfly/housefly mosca mosca flora-fauna Diptera boornoong purnung inheritance purnung Jarragan also goonama, ngoorriny loans underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
flying-fox (generic) flora-fauna (many species) jarinygoorlng tyarinykurlng inheritance jarinykeri Jarragan underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
freshwater crocodile flora-fauna Crocodylus johnstoni gawarroong kawarrung unique also therrmard underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
freshwater mussel flora-fauna Velesunio wilsoni missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
freshwater prawn flora-fauna Macrobrachium rosenbergii jilginy tyilkiny inheritance tyilkiny Jarragan WW %tyilkiny underived 0 1 0 0 0 no
frill-necked lizard flora-fauna Chlamydosaurus kingii gerdan gertan inheritance also wawooleng underived 0 1 0 0 0 no
frog (generic) flora-fauna (many species) bilthoon pilthun unique underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
galah flora-fauna Eolophus roseicapilla girrgalang inheritance 0 0 0 0 0
turtle (generic) flora-fauna (many species) moonggoong mungkung unique underived 0 1 0 0 0 no
ghost gum flora-fauna Eucalyptus papuana (Corymbia bella) warlarring warlarring (E.alba) inheritance Jarragan WW %walarri underived 2 0 1 0 0 no
goanna (generic) or sand goanna flora-fauna Varanus spp goording kurting inheritance kurti Jarragan also warlgarn underived 0 1 2 0 0 no
grass hierba, pasto capim, grama flora-fauna (NA) ramang ramang inheritance rama Jarragan underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
grasshopper flora-fauna Orthoptera bilbiljing, gerndilng, janjibeng, janyoongba pilpiltying inheritance pilpityi Jarragan also gerndilng, janjibeng, janyoongba reduplicated 0 0 0 0 0 no
great bowerbird flora-fauna Chlamydera nuchalis joowijgoornang tyuwitykurnang inheritance tyuwity+SUFF Jarragan underived 1 0 0 0 0 no
green ant flora-fauna Oecophylla smaragdina jiliwoorrbiny tyiliwurrpiny unique underived 0 2 2 0 0 no
green sea turtle flora-fauna Chelonia mydas boongoolng pungulng unique underived 1 1 0 0 0 no
green tree snake flora-fauna Dendrelaphis punctulata missing missing 0 2 0 0 0 no
head/body lice flora-fauna Pediculus capitis, Pediculus humanus doomoonkoong, doomoonkoony, wawiyang, yalalang tumunkung unique also doomoonkoony, wawiyang, yalalang underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
horse caballo cavalho flora-fauna Equus caballus yawardang yawardang loan Ngarinyin WW from SWA 'kangaroo' sp WW %yawarta underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
hummingbird colibrí, picaflor (Peru) beija-flor flora-fauna Trochilidae missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
humpback whale flora-fauna Megaptera novaeangliae missing missing 1 1 0 0 0 no
insect (generic) insecto insecto flora-fauna generic missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
jabiru flora-fauna Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus tharimageng unknown 0 0 0 0 0
jungle-fowl (scrub-fowl) flora-fauna Megapodius freycinet missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
kangaroo (generic) flora-fauna Macropodidae jiyirreng tyiyirreng inheritance tyiyirre also barawoong underived 2 1 0 0 0 no
land snail flora-fauna Gastropoda missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
magpie goose flora-fauna Anseranas semipalmata moonamang munamang inheritance munama Jarragan underived 0 1 0 0 0 no
military dragon flora-fauna Ctenophorus isolepis, Diporiphora spp., Lophognathus spp. missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
mosquito mosquito, zancudo mosquito, carapana flora-fauna Anopheles spp, Isoptera nyiwoony nyiwuny inheritance nyiwuny Jarragan underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
mud wasp, hornet flora-fauna (many species) merrembern merrempern large paper wasp unique underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
native bee flora-fauna (many species) nanggaleng nangkaleng nangkaleng nangkaleng nangkaleng nangkaleng nangkaleng nangkaleng nangkaleng nangkaleng nangkaleng nangkaleng nangkaleng nangkaleng nangkaleng nangkaleng nangkaleng nangkaleng nangkaleng nangkaleng nangkaleng nangkaleng nangkaleng nangkaleng na inheritance nangkale Jarragan ground honey; beeswax in different languages? Nang+kale WW %nangkale underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
native cat flora-fauna Dasyurus ngirrngiling ngirrngiling unique underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
northern brown bandicoot flora-fauna Isoodon macrourus goojin gootyin unique underived 0 1 0 0 0 no
northern kurrajong flora-fauna Brachychiton diversifolius nyinggiboogeng nyingkipukeng red-flowered kurrajong. unknown also nyingkipuweng (Mir) missing 0 1 no? 0 0 no
nut tree flora-fauna Terminalia grandifolia nyingkipuweng Brachychiton paradoxum. unknown nyingkipuweng given as bush peanut missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
octopus flora-fauna Octopus australis missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
pandanus palm flora-fauna Pandanus spiralis wiyinbeng wiyinpeng inheritance wiyinpeng Jarragan underived 1 1 0 0 1 no
paperbark flora-fauna Melaleuca sericea, Melaleuca stenostachya merndang merntang inheritance mernta Jarragan also ngalamberrng underived 0 0 1 0 0 no
peaceful dove flora-fauna Geopelia placida gooljarroong kulututuk inheritance kulututuk Jarragan also gooljarroong underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
pearlshell flora-fauna Pinctada spp jagooling tyakuling loan Worrorra WW %tyakuli underived 1 1 0 0 1 no
peewee flora-fauna Gryllina cyanoleuca missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
pied butcherbird flora-fauna Cracticus nigrogularis missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
pike eel flora-fauna Muraenesox arabicus missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
praying mantis, stick insects mantis religiosa louva-a-deus flora-fauna Mantodea missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
prickle bush flora-fauna Sclerolaena bicornis missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
quail (generic) flora-fauna Coturnix species, Turnix species jibijgoong tyipikung inheritance tyipike Jarragan underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
red river gum flora-fauna Eucalyptus camaldulensis dimalan timalan loan into protolanguage timalan Jarragan Western Mirndi Nungali ti+malan WW %timalan underived 2 0 1 0 1 no
red-tailed black-cockatoo flora-fauna Calyptorhynchus banksi derran terran inheritance terran Jarragan WW as luwarra, lawarra WW %leparre underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
riflefish, archerfish flora-fauna Toxotes chatareus lebarreng leparreng inheritance leparre Jarragan underived 0 1 0 0 0 no
river mangrove flora-fauna Aegicera corniculatum missing WW %leparre missing 0 0 2 0 1 no
rock fig flora-fauna Ficus brachypoda banggethang pangkethang inheritance pangkurn Jarragan underived also banggoon 0 1 0 0 0 no
sacred kingfisher flora-fauna Todiramphus sancta jigereng tyikereng inheritance tyikere Jarragan underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
saltwater crocodile flora-fauna Crocodylus porosus yalamboorrmang yalampurrmang loan Western Mirndi underived 2 2 0 0 0 yes
saltwater mussel flora-fauna Mytilidae missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
sawfish flora-fauna Pristis pectinata missing missing 1 0 0 0 0 yes
scorpion escorpión; alacran escorpião flora-fauna Arachnida, Scorpiones binkoojeng pinkutyeng inheritance pinkutye Jarragan underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
shark (generic) flora-fauna Selachimorpha missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 variable
shell (generic) flora-fauna gelalang kelalang loan Ngarinyin underived 0 1 0 0 1 no
short-beaked echidna flora-fauna Tachyglossus aculeatus galaminang kalaminang inheritance kalamina N.Jarragan underived 0 2 0 0 0 no
snake (generic) culebra, serpiente cobra flora-fauna nganjoowarrng nganjuwarrng semantic shift nganjuwarr N.Jarragan original meaning 'King Brown snake' underived 0 1 0 0 0 N/A
snappy gum flora-fauna Eucalyptus brevifolia missing missing 0 0 1 0 0 no
spider araña aranha flora-fauna Arachnida, Araneae mangatheng mangatheng inheritance mangkatheng Jarragan underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
spinifex flora-fauna Triodia species missing missing 0 0 2 0 0 no
spoonbills (yellow-billed spoonbill, black-billed spoonbill) flora-fauna Platalea flavipes, Platalea regia merrngoodoongoodoong merrngutungutung inheritance milngutungutu reduplicated 0 0 0 0 0 no
stingray (generic) rayas látigo, raya arraia flora-fauna Dasyatidae missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 variable
stripe-faced dunnart flora-fauna Sminthopsis macroura missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
sugarbag wax flora-fauna jinoog tyinuk inheritance cognate in Kija underived 1 1 0 0 0 no
sulphur-crested cockatoo flora-fauna Cacatua galerita ngalmarring ngalmarring inheritance ngalmarri Jarragan underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
swamp eel flora-fauna Ophisternon gutturale missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
swamp leech flora-fauna Annelida, Hirudinea missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
tawny frogmouth flora-fauna Podargus strigoides goorrgoorrging kurrkurrking inheritance kurrkurr-SUFF Jarragan SUFF -tyi in Kija, -ki in N. reduplicated 0 0 0 0 0 no
termite mounds, ant hills flora-fauna Isoptera jamernde tyamernte inheritance tyamernte Jarragan underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
termites, white-ants comején (Peru), termitas cupim flora-fauna (many species) missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
ti-tree flora-fauna Melaleuca bracteata missing WW %wankurri missing 0 0 1 0 0 no
tick garrapata carrapato flora-fauna Arachnida, Acarina belyiny pelyiny inheritance pelyilny Jarragan underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
tiger shark flora-fauna Galeocerdo cuvier missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 yes
torresian crow flora-fauna Corvus orru wanggerdeng wangkerteng inheritance wangkarn Jarragan underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
tree árbol arvore flora-fauna (NA) goolbeng kulpeng inheritance kulpe Jarragan underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
waterlily flora-fauna Nymphaea macrosperma garrjang, geloowoorrng karrtyang inheritance karrtya Jarragan also geloowoorrng underived 0 1 2 0 0 no
wattle flora-fauna Acacia difficilis boolngoowoon pulnguwun inheritance pulnguwun Jarragan also wilid, wirriling underived 0 0 1 0 1 no
wedge-tailed eagle flora-fauna Aquila audax diwanang diwanang loan Western Mirndi WW %warrana underived 1 0 0 0 0 no
willie wagtail flora-fauna Rhipidura leucophrys missing missing 1 0 0 0 0 no
witchetty grub flora-fauna (many species) missing missing 0 1 2 0 0 no
woma flora-fauna Aspidites ramsayii missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
ant (generic) hormiga formiga flora-fauna raging inheritance Claire Bowern
bird pajaro, ave passaro flora-fauna jigeng inheritance Claire Bowern
blowfly/housefly mosca mosca flora-fauna boornoong inheritance Claire Bowern
dog (camp, domestic) perro cachorro flora-fauna joolang inheritance ?old loan from Worrorran Claire Bowern
grass hierba, pasto capim, grama flora-fauna ramang unique NJ Claire Bowern
snake (generic) culebra, serpiente cobra flora-fauna nganjoowarrng inheritance Claire Bowern
spider araña aranha flora-fauna mangatheng inheritance Claire Bowern


Cultural Vocabulary (112)
English Spanish Portuguese Semantic Field Part of Speech Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Etymology Notes Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Word Structure Word Structure Notes General Notes Source Created By
afterworld, land of dead, Heaven tierra do los muertos terra dos mortos culture-mythology missing Patrick McConvell
armband dress missing also Miriwung Patrick McConvell
awl subsistence tool missing Patrick McConvell
axe/stone axe hacha (de piedra) machado (de pedra) subsistence tool parntan unique stone axe karlpang stone axe; generic lijberrg. Woonayang; Mir. lithpurrk generic Patrick McConvell
bag (string) culture-material tupuluty unknown ?< marsupial pouch; also karlarr loan <Mir. Patrick McConvell
bait for fishing cebo, carnada para pescar, empate (Peru) isca subsistence tool missing live bait; Miriwung kerung Patrick McConvell
basket (general) canasta, canasto, cesta cesto culture-material missing Patrick McConvell
body feather decorations culture-mythology missing white paint mixed with soft feathers used in joonba dance white paint mixed with soft feathers used in joonba dance Patrick McConvell
boomerang/throwing stick (generic) subsistence tool puran unknown Patrick McConvell
boomerang (small) subsistence tool missing Patrick McConvell
bowl (coolamon) culture-material lampung inheritance also lanting; lampung also in Mir Patrick McConvell
broom escoba vassoura culture-material missing Patrick McConvell
canoe canoa canoa transport missing Patrick McConvell
cicatrice culture-mythology missing Mir. Kamerreng 'tribal scar' Mir. Kamerreng 'tribal scar' Patrick McConvell
clapsticks culture-mythology karnpij loan Gajirrabeng also in Mir, loan into Jaminjung WW %karnpity also in Mir, loan into Jaminjung Patrick McConvell
cook food food missing Patrick McConvell
cook in earth oven food missing Patrick McConvell
damper food missing Patrick McConvell
dance (generic) culture-mythology missing dance style Patrick McConvell
digging stick subsistence tool kaniny inheritance WW %kanany1 Patrick McConvell
dipper (small coolamon) subsistence tool missing ?kuni Patrick McConvell
dream sueño, soñar sonho, sonhar culture-mythology missing Patrick McConvell
dreaming culture-mythology puwarratya loan Mudburra WW %puwarraty Patrick McConvell
drone pipe culture-mythology marlukparr unknown Patrick McConvell
fire drill subsistence tool tyingkiny loan direction unknown wilit firestick tree Patrick McConvell
fire-saw other missing Patrick McConvell
fireplace hogar lareira other missing charcoal, battery, beetle Patrick McConvell
firewood leña lenha other wutya inheritance fire, wood inseparable prefix Patrick McConvell
fish poison barbasco, matapez (Colombia) timbó subsistence tool kelerrnga unknown Strychnos lucida used for fish poison Patrick McConvell
fish (with fish-poison) pescar con barbasco, barbasquear pescar com timbó; tinguijar food missing Patrick McConvell
fish (with line) anzuelear, pescar con linea pescar (com linha) food missing Patrick McConvell
fish (with spear) food missing watyama fishing (in general) watyama fishing (in general) Patrick McConvell
fishing line cordel/cuerda p/ pescar, sedal, tanze linha de pesca subsistence tool ngerlam inheritance string Patrick McConvell
fishtrap (permanent) subsistence tool missing Patrick McConvell
fishtrap (woven) subsistence tool missing Patrick McConvell
flour (European) food missing Patrick McConvell
flour (bush) food missing from seeds collected by ants from seeds collected by ants Patrick McConvell
game animal caza, animal de caza caça, animal de caça food kuntyu inheritance Patrick McConvell
ghost (of dead person)/evil spirit espíritu malo, espíritu maligno, fantasma, demonio espirito culture-mythology marnten unknown also white man Miriwung jarinyin Patrick McConvell
glue subsistence tool missing beeswax, type of in Miriwung beeswax, type of in Miriwung Patrick McConvell
grave tumba, sepultura, sepulcro sepultura, sepulcro, cova culture-mythology missing Patrick McConvell
grog food kapeng semantic shift < water, inheritance < water, inheritance Patrick McConvell
hair belt dress warliwun inheritance cf.warli initiand? Miriwung kutang Patrick McConvell
headband dress karlampang loan direction unknown also pakiri, keremerr or opposite direction; also pakirring Patrick McConvell
healer curandero benzador, curandeiro, kumu (Tukano) culture-mythology paramanpeng derived paraman 'magic'-HAVING WW %wultyang derived borrowed into east as 'lightning man' Patrick McConvell
honey miel mel food koyin inheritance Patrick McConvell
house (European) other mayarung loan Walmajarri from Karajarri WW %mayaru Patrick McConvell
hunt cazar caçar food missing Miriwung tyuk Miriwung tyuk Patrick McConvell
initiation (circumcision) culture-mythology missing warling initiand warling initiand Patrick McConvell
initiation (circumcision) culture-mythology yiyityo unknown Patrick McConvell
knife cuchillo faca culture-material tyimirnti loan direction unknown Wardaman WW %tyiminti Patrick McConvell
loincloth taparrabos, guayuco, pampanilla tanga, tapa-sexo dress tungkululu unknown pubic covering Patrick McConvell
love song culture-mythology missing Patrick McConvell
mangrove raft transport missing Patrick McConvell
message stick culture-mythology missing Patrick McConvell
mortar mortero pilão subsistence tool japalawarna loan Nungali WW %palawan Patrick McConvell
nosepeg other kiyarla loan Gajirrabeng WW %kiyala also Miriwung;also kungkaleng = fire drill Patrick McConvell
paddle/oar remo remo transport missing Patrick McConvell
ochre culture-mythology liwin unknown red ochre yellow o. kuntalng yellow cf. jaminjung kuntarrng yellow pollen Patrick McConvell
paint body, body paint pintura corporal pintura corporal culture-mythology korrma unknown Patrick McConvell
pestle pilón, mano de mortero, mazo, moledor mão de pilão subsistence tool tyintyimung unique Patrick McConvell
pipe for tobacco pipa cachimbo other missing Patrick McConvell
public song cycle culture-mythology missing Patrick McConvell
red paint culture-mythology missing also Miriwung;murtung red o. mixed with fat Patrick McConvell
resin resina, brea, copal resina, brea, breu subsistence tool katyarrang inheritance spinifex resin; also tyatang; WW %katyarrang spinifex resin Patrick McConvell
salt sal sal food koyokin inheritance Miriwung karram Patrick McConvell
shelter (native) other missing shelter, screen cf, wirriny;nanytying humpy Patrick McConvell
song (generic) canción, canto canção culture-mythology wangkang loan Murrinh Patha Patrick McConvell
song (for entertainment) culture-mythology warrangkin unknown may be derived warrang 'sing'? Patrick McConvell
spear lanza lança subsistence tool ngone inheritance generic but short fighting in loans WW %ngone also Miriwung Patrick McConvell
spear (fighting) subsistence tool missing Patrick McConvell
spear (fishing) subsistence tool missing Patrick McConvell
spearthrower subsistence tool kuyangkin unknown from tree sp. from tree sp. Patrick McConvell
speartip subsistence tool tyimpilang loan direction unknown WW %tyimpila Patrick McConvell
string (from hair) culture-material missing Miriwung kutang Patrick McConvell
string (from vine) culture-material ngelang inheritance Patrick McConvell
sugar acculturation yalwang meaning shift <sand Patrick McConvell
tea food nalityang loan Mudburra also yarlarrk - leaf Patrick McConvell
tobacco (European) narcotics ngunytyung loan direction unknown WW %nguntyu Patrick McConvell
tobacco (native) narcotics malmalmaty loan direction unknown Patrick McConvell
spirit child culture-mythology yimerruk semantic shift <shadow;also ngatyayan Patrick McConvell
wax cera cera other katyarrang loan Gajirrabeng beeswax; also penekin WW %katyarrang beeswax Patrick McConvell
white paint culture-mythology missing Patrick McConvell
windbreak other missing Patrick McConvell
yandy (n) culture-material missing Patrick McConvell
school escuela escola acculturation missing Patrick McConvell
net subsistence tool kinali loan Jaru via 'mosquito.mosquito net WW %kinali Patrick McConvell
bottle botella garrafa acculturation missing Patrick McConvell
paper papel papel acculturation missing Patrick McConvell
corpse food missing Patrick McConvell
chicken gallina galinha acculturation missing Patrick McConvell
tree coffin culture-mythology karlang unknown Patrick McConvell
clothing ropa roupa culture-mythology missing Jaminjung clothers. rags' direction <earler meaning in Jam. Qv Patrick McConvell
skirt falda, saya, fustan, pollera saia culture-material missing Patrick McConvell
shoes zapatos sapatos dress missing Patrick McConvell
medicine narcotics missing Patrick McConvell
earth oven food tyerrin loan Jaminjung ?tyarriny Patrick McConvell
policeman polícia policía acculturation missing Patrick McConvell
cat gato gato acculturation kutyapi unknown also mapurn - also scar, stripe Patrick McConvell
gun arma, escopeta espingarda, fusil acculturation missing Patrick McConvell
hat sombero chapéu dress yipam semantic shift <head Patrick McConvell
boomerang (number 7) subsistence tool missing Patrick McConvell
thatch/roof crisneja palha, caraná culture-material X missing Claire Bowern
rope/string mecate, cuerda, soga corda culture ngelang inheritance Claire Bowern
bottom grinding stone manufacture barlawarn unique Claire Bowern
digging stick subsistence tool ganiny inheritance Claire Bowern
winnow aventar, tirar (sementes) joeirar manufacture X Claire Bowern
top grinding stone metate, mano; piedra de moler metate, mano manufacture mandalng inheritance Claire Bowern
boomerang/throwing stick (generic) subsistence tool galigeng loan WD? Claire Bowern
spearthrower subsistence tool ngabeleng inheritance Claire Bowern
spear lanza lança subsistence tool doowoon unique Claire Bowern
house other mayaroong loan Marrngu Claire Bowern


Ethnographic Information
Current population (ethnicity) Current population (speakers) Former population estimate Subsistence preference Subsistence notes Density Sedentism Ecotome (riverine/interfluvial/coastal/desert/savannah/etc.) Social hierarchies Multilingualism (rare/occasional/common) Contact languages Marriage pattern Notes Source Created By
small HG low mobile unknown