Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

sharp

Semantic Field
quality
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
afilado, filudo, filoso
Meaning Portuguese
afiado

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes Source Created By General Notes
Bankalachi Toloim soot'kan-nah “a point” 215, han-net “sharp” 217 unknown Jane Hill
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone kyma (of edge) inheritance Jane Hill
Cahuilla tama-wet (that which is sharp) inheritance S&H 1979 Jane Hill
Chemehuevi kywa/gai (V) inheritance Jane Hill
Chumash Barbareno c'ec' “be sharp” inheritance Mithun 1997:226 Jane Hill
Chumash Ineseno c'yc'y inheritance A 99 Jane Hill
Chumash Obispeno -ewe inheritance Klar 1977:65 Jane Hill
Chumash Ventureno c'yc' unknown Harrington 1974:6 Jane Hill
Cocopa ya:p “to be sharp”, lyaqlyaq “to be sharp-pointed” inheritance Jane Hill
Comanche kymapy “sharp edge” inheritance Jane Hill
Cupeño ngava'i-sh [ŋavəɁɪʃ] inheritance Jane Hill
Gabrielino 7ata:m(b)rot (knife edge) inheritance Jane Hill
Iipay 'Aa werraaw [wəˈraˑu] unknown Jane Hill
Kawaiisu mogowa-ga-dy (of edge) unknown Jane Hill
Kiliwa yaaw-p h-yuw inheritance Jane Hill
Kitanemuk tamawyt inheritance Jane Hill
Lake Miwok hu/na (of knife; also “pain, disease”) unknown Jane Hill
Luiseño Sowa~i “to be sharp” inheritance Jane Hill
Maidu t'o/k inheritance Jane Hill
Mojave iidoyv= inheritance Jane Hill
Mutsun micci unknown NW (JPH) Jane Hill
Nisenan tok inheritance Jane Hill
Northern Paiute kaakwaba unique Thornes 03:231 Jane Hill
Northern Sierra Miwok kyt:e- inheritance Jane Hill
Plains Miwok syca-; unknown Jane Hill
Salinan A (k)Le/7tax (A), (k)Le/7talax (pl) “sharp” unknown Jane Hill
Salinan M missing missing Jane Hill
Seri (Comcaac) coco/ctim unknown Jane Hill
Serrano haca:7i-7 unknown Jane Hill
Southern Sierra Miwok kyt:e- (edge) inheritance Jane Hill
Southern Ute mag'aakatY inheritance Jane Hill
Tümpisa Shoshone kyma- (of edge) inheritance Jane Hill
Wappo shahka/li (see “tooth”) inheritance Jane Hill
Washo yek'i/lgi unknown J109 Jane Hill
Western Mono ky/waa/by/ :object with a sharp edge” inheritance Jane Hill
Wintu tutuha “sharp-edged” unknown Jane Hill
Yavapai yo_:va inheritance Jane Hill
Yuki 7a,l inheritance S&S 1984 Jane Hill
Yuma ta:dho:yv “to sharpen edged tool” H5:93 inheritance Jane Hill
Baniwa kemána kemána inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B.
Carijona aesaka (SM) inheritance See Language page Melody Ann Ross, Zach Burnett, PLE
Cubeo ʉpʉjino ɨpɨxino unknown See Language page Kelsey Neely; Tanja Baeuerlein
Dâw sâày ʃə̂j semantic shift See Language page Ana Paula B., Pattie Epps
Desano usiri usiɾi inheritance See Language page Ana Paula; Tanja Baeuerlein
Eñepa t-ɨyɨh-ke (IDS) t-ɨjɨh-ke (IDS) unknown See Language page Melody Ann Ross
Hodï aʰkuwe'te unique See Language page Paulina Franco, Bettie Gonzalez
Waorani wa-ẽ-ga unique See Language page Paulina Franco, Bettie Gonzalez, PLE
Hup j’ɨ́g ɟ’ɨ́g unique See Language page Pattie Epps
Kakua ʔěp inheritance See Language page Katherine Bolaños
Makushi ikeʔ (IDS) ikeʔ (IDS) unknown See Language page Melody Ann Ross
Ninam namo (EM72) namo inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Nukak ʔɛʔ4 inheritance See Language page Lauren Franklin
Maihiki jɨsɨjɨ xɨ̃sɨxɨ̃ inheritance See Language page Daniel Valle
Pemon etesak, te kenak (A1981) etesak, te kenak (A1981) unknown See Language page Melody Ann Ross, Karina Baeza
Sanumá namo (EM72) namo inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Sikuani barü (2)(noun) bárɨ, xíu-hai, tséke-hai ('punta' - 'point') inheritance Sik-Cuiva-Playero group See Language page Jonathan Quintanilla, Rebecca Khorram, PLE
Tariana pimaníta pimaníta inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B.
Tukano ɨsojohá- ɨsojohá- inheritance See Language page Ana Paula, Amanda Novak
Kotiria sio sio unknown cognate Piratapuyo See Language page D. Jagannathan, Tanja Bauerlein
Yanomam namo (EM72) namo inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Yanomami hiroroa, hirorano, hirorowë hiɾoɾoa, hiɾoɾano, hiɾoɾowə unique See Language page Kelsey Neely
Yukuna puwe'ení puweʔení unknown See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Yuhup c'ɨg c'ɨg unique See Language page Ana Paula B., Pattie Epps
Arabana yati-yati unique Claire Bowern
Bardi garrya karrya inheritance Claire Bowern
Bunuba nayirri unknown Claire Bowern
Burarra -dirrartka unknown Claire Bowern
Dhangu [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Dhuwal raywal Claire Bowern
Dhuwala raywal unknown Claire Bowern
Diyari tjerkara inheritance Claire Bowern
DiyariREU [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Djambarrpuyngu raywal Claire Bowern
Djapu raywal unknown Claire Bowern
Djinang djarrkuṯ unknown Claire Bowern
Gajirrabeng jalgoorrng unique NJ Claire Bowern
Gooniyandi jalgoordoo loan Claire Bowern
Gupapuyngu raywal unknown Claire Bowern
Gurindji kutukutu loan Miriwung Claire Bowern
Jabirr-Jabirr gardj karrj inheritance Claire Bowern
Jaru jalbin inheritance? Claire Bowern
Karajarri jawa kaniny inheritance Claire Bowern
Kija jalingkiri unique Claire Bowern
Malyangapa [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Mangala jaliny unknown Claire Bowern
Miriwung jalgoorrng unique NJ Claire Bowern
Mithaka [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Mudburra ngarrangarrarra Claire Bowern
Mudburra ngarrangarrarra inheritance? Claire Bowern
Ngamini tjerkara inheritance Claire Bowern
Ngandi X missing Claire Bowern
Ngarluma bajaburdu unique Claire Bowern
Ngumbarl neelirr <neelirr> semantic shift Claire Bowern
Nhirrpi [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Nimanburru gardj karrj inheritance Claire Bowern
Northern Mangarla jaliny Claire Bowern
Northern Nyangumarta yiri inheritance Claire Bowern
Nyangumarta yiri (2) inheritance Claire Bowern
Nyikina jalirr jalirr unique Claire Bowern
Nyulnyul gardj karrj inheritance Claire Bowern
Paakantyi budjala Claire Bowern
Pirriya [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Pitta-Pitta [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Rirratjingu [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Ritharrngu marltjarr unique Claire Bowern
Walmajarri jiri inheritance Claire Bowern
Wangkayutyuru tharipurlka (tha(r)lipulka) unique Claire Bowern
Wubuy marlgurra unique Claire Bowern
Yan-nhangu dhalku unknown Claire Bowern
Yandruwandha tjalpatjalparri loan Wangkumarra Claire Bowern
Yarluyandi [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Yawarrawarrka tjerkara inheritance Claire Bowern
Yawuru djiri jiri loan Marrngu Claire Bowern
Achagua ké:mai, ké:ʒa ké:mai, ké:ʒa inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Piapoco caserùnica kaserùnika See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Kabiyari pu-ma-ná pu-ma-ná See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Yavitero ka'mena-hi kaʔmena-hi See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Wapishana ɖimana ɖimana inheritance Proto North Arawak See Language page Ana Paula B.
Wayuu k-asa-sɨ See Language page PLE
Yine phewna See Language page PLE
Ignaciano tikasiriʔi See Language page PLE Means sharp-pointed. Also -'e'sesuka; -'e'sesureka, verbal forms.
Trinitario -kosri; eksiičo See Language page PLE The latter is lit. to make a nose (pointed), to sharpen.
Baure ko-'se-ro ko-'se-ro inheritance See Language page Anissa Capuccino
Waurá ke-kic̷i ke-ki¢i inheritance See Language page Joyce McCormick
Cha'palaa 'tʸai-'ke-nu; 'tʸa-ya; da- See Language page PLE First form is verbal. 'tʸa-yan-'guyi refers to a knife. *South Barbacoan form is *tʸeya-.
Bora tsʰḯʔxɨβá-ne tsʰɯ́ʔxɨβá-nɛ inheritance See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Muinane sɨ́ɨ́xéβa-no sɨ́ɨ́xέβa-no See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Apalai taere taere unique See Language page Rebekah L. Evans
Tiriyó aesa(ka) aesa(ka) inheritance See Language page Becky Walker
Makiritare ākə̄tədɨɨ (IDS) ākə̄tədɨɨ (IDS) unknown See Language page Melody Ann Ross, Karina Baeza
Wai Wai t-Φot-ke t-Φot-ke unknown See Language page Melody Ann Ross
Waimiri Atroari txika tʃika See Language page Melody Ann Ross, PLE
Yukpa jiyit, peneyipta See Language page Ana Paula B., Melody Ann Ross
Muisca asicaz bquysqua asikatʂ βkuɨskua See Language page Daniel Valle
Barí ihkobaaini See Language page PLE Colombia: ʔiko'bayninə. *Chibchan form is *'iaʔ.
Northern Emberá pebedhéa pebedhéa, pepedhéa-bʉ́ See Language page Jonathan Quintanilla, PLE
Epena pʰewe'dee See Language page PLE
Guayabero pabɨaˀ inheritance Proto-Guahiban See Language page Ana Paula B., Rebecca Khorram
Macaguan bɨr-óbinɨ inheritance Proto-Guahiban See Language page Ana Paula B., Rebecca Khorram
Cuiva xíjoi, xuíjoi afilado, sharp Huber & Reed 1992:339 Rebecca Khorram
Playero híe-hai See Language page Rebecca Khorram
Cofán tsintssia tsi̡tshia See Language page Daniel Valle phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS
Páez chŭjwa tʃŭxwa See Language page Daniel Valle
Urarina ahina ahina unique See Language page Daniel Valle, PLE
Camsa bɕá-xa, ngmitʃí-bxa bɕá-xa, ngmitʃí-bxa See Language page Daniel Valle, Anissa Capuchino
Pumé gaipa See Language page Paulina Franco, PLE
Puinave [-de + yak] de + jak unique See Language page Daniel Valle, Zach Burnett
Ashuar ére ɨrɨ See Language page Daniel Valle
Huambisa tsakatskatu tsakatskatu See Language page Daniel Valle
Aguaruna úyuk ujuk unique See Language page Daniel Valle
Matses cuënu kuɨnu inheritance See Language page Daniel Valle, Becky Walker
Kakataibo kʷɨno- See Language page PLE *Panoan *kʷɨno- with related meanings 'sharp edge, cutting edge, knife, iron, point, tip'.
Katukina kɨwã See Language page PLE
Pacahuara 'ɨika See Language page PLE 'Sharp enough'.
Shipibo-Konibo kɨ̃-šo See Language page PLE
Yaminahua iškia See Language page PLE
Chácobo kɨno; kɨno-sɨni (latter is "very sharp") kɨno; kɨno-sɨni (latter is "very sharp") inheritance See Language page Joyce McCormick
Yagua jimyura ximyura unique See Language page Daniel Valle
Ingá filu (Spanish loan) filu (Spaniʃ loan) See Language page Daniel Valle
Napo Lowland Quichua jilu xilu See Language page Daniel Valle
Piaroa ća'énpuɨh huná'wa'a s'aɁénpuɨh hunáɁwaɁa unknown See Language page Amanda Novak, Becky Walker
Sáliva fiji fihi doubtful loan Spanish See Language page Becky Walker
Bará aho'joa See Language page Kelsey Neely, Tanja Baeuerlein
Barasano bɨha-se bɨha-se See Language page D. Jagannathan, Tanja Baeuerlein
Carapana ká-ó-ro ká-ó-ro See Language page Amanda Novak, Tanja Baeuerlein
Makuna to be sharp: odi-rise odi-ɾise unknown See Language page Amanda Novak, D. Jagannathan, Tanja Bauerlein
Yuruti 'óoro, ɨ'séjo- 'óoro, ɨ'séjo- See Language page Ana Paula; Tanja Baeuerlein
Waikhana sio- sio- See Language page Ana Paula; Tanja Baeuerlein
Siriano u'sípu- u'sípu- See Language page Ana Paula, Kelsey Neely
Tanimuca o'pi 'ki i'taka o'pi 'ki i'taka unknown See Language page Kelsey Neely
Tatuyo oó- oó- See Language page Emily Buell, Paulina Franco
Tuyuka asi'jóa asi'jóa See Language page D. Jagannathan, Paulina Franco, Ana Paula B.
Waimaja he'jó-hãjũ he'jó-hãjũ See Language page Kelsey Neely
Koreguaje hɨ̃hɨsɨ- hɨ̃hɨsɨ- inheritance See Language page Daniel Valle
Siona së'iji sɨʔihi inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Secoya jëjësico hɨ̃hɨ̃sikɔ See Language page Amanda N
Karitiana ky´e kɨʔe unknown See Language page Daniel Valle
Kokama tsapaka ('sharpen') tsapaka ('sharpen') unique See Language page Zach Burnett, Daniel Valle
Wayampi aimɛ aimɛ inheritance See Language page PLE
Aché ĩbe inheritance See Language page PLE
Chiriguano haiᵐbe inheritance See Language page PLE
Paraguayan Guaraní haiᵐbe See Language page PLE
Sirionó erĩ̯me erĩ̯me inheritance See Language page Joyce McCormick, Becky Walker
Kamayurá ajme ajme inheritance See Language page Rebekah L. Evans
Ocaina goou ('afilar' verb) gooɯ unique See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Nɨpode Witoto ha.í-re-de ha.í-rɛ-dɛ See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz
Minica Witoto ha.í-re-de ha.í-rɛ-dɛ See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz
Murui Witoto jaìrede haìrɛdɛ (B83) inheritance/Witoto See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Iquito cucuána kukuána unknown See Language page Cynthia Hansen
Wari šaʔ ʃaʔ See Language page PLE E.g. a knife. To be 'sharp' ka maʔ ne šinain, 'when it has teeth'.
Araona akʷeo See Language page PLE *Tacn form is *keŕo-da, which also means 'pointed' 12.352.
Ese Ejja -šexi; išio- unknown See Language page PLE
Ese Ejja/Huarayo kia-hewi kia-hewi See Language page Joyce McCormick
Tacana keho-da See Language page PLE 'To sharpen' is rakʷa-.
Cavineña kʷero-da; hakʷa-ya (kʷero-da also means "pointed") kʷero-da; hakʷa-ya inheritance See Language page Joyce McCormick, Becky Walker
Central Aymara ari ari See Language page PLE
Cayuvava βɨrɨ; ra-βɨrɨ See Language page PLE Means 'to sharpen, make edge'.
Itonama wasiwahna; yaʔihe See Language page PLE Latter form is verbal.
Kwazá byru-, karuru- byru-, karuru- See Language page Joyce McCormick
Mosetén-Chimané mo'taksi See Language page Joyce McCormick, PLE
Movima pe-res-ni pe-res-ni See Language page Anissa Capuccino, Becky Walker
Kaingang yã; yukɛn; yãkɛn (IDS) yã; yukɛn; yãkɛn See Language page PLE
Djeoromitxi hürü hørø See Language page PLE
Chipaya ari; xat- See Language page PLE Verbal form is xat-š.
Mocoví y-aʁar-aik See Language page PLE Lit. 'sharp-augmentative-adj (masc)'.
Pilagá y-aik See Language page PLE Lit. 'sharp-masc. adj'.
Toba yi-ta; lʸaʔ See Language page PLE
Lengua #NAME? See Language page PLE
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité ahantoho See Language page PLE
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet was; akma hamtek; akmahamet See Language page PLE
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay yey See Language page PLE Refers to 'edge', but see note in12.353. Also i-c̷e'ɬoh.
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja tasaxay See Language page PLE
Maca yasɬax See Language page PLE
Nivaclé iklas-ši; -akɔʔx sharp https://ids.clld.org/ PLE
Ayoreo aasii'ko-i; aasii'ko See Language page PLE
Mapudungun yuŋe See Language page PLE Same in Ranquel.
Selknam wičè See Language page PLE
Tehuelche 'or 'ter- See Language page PLE Lit. 'point long' 01.343, 04.230; 12.570.
Lokono kamanan kamanan sharp Pet 1987:370 Camille Unger
Kariña tyjeke tɨjeke sharp Yamada 2010:816 Camille Unger